Calf circumference is a useful muscle mass marker for predicting length of stay and mortality: A secondary analysis of a cohort study in hospitalized individuals.

Objective: To evaluate the accuracy of calf circumference (CC) and determine its association with clinical outcomes of hospitalized patients.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of a prospective cohort study of inpatient. CC values were adjusted by body mass index (BMI) to remove adiposity's confounding effects: the measured value decreased by 3 cm (BMI 25-29.

Low body mass index demonstrates satisfactory specificity for diagnosing malnutrition and is associated with longer hospitalization in patients with gastrointestinal or head and neck cancer: a prospective cohort study.

Background: The main causes of malnutrition in patients with gastrointestinal and head and neck cancers include metabolic alterations determined by the tumour and its stage, as well as low food intake caused by the disease itself and the effects of antineoplastic treatment. In the hospital environment, nutritional markers, such as body mass index (BMI), handgrip strength (HGS) and calf circumference (CC), can be used to identify malnutrition early, ensuring individualized and specific nutritional intervention. However, few studies have evaluated the individual performance of nutritional indicators in diagnosing malnutrition in a cancer setting.

Guidance and Position of RINN22 regarding Precision Nutrition and Nutriomics.

Background: Precision nutrition is based on the integration of individual's phenotypical and biological characteristics including genetic variants, epigenetic marks, gut microbiota profiles, and metabolite fingerprints as well as medical history, lifestyle practices, and environmental and cultural factors. Thus, nutriomics areas including nutrigenomics, nutrigenetics, nutriepigenetics, nutrimetabolomics, and nutrimetagenomics have emerged to comprehensively understand the complex interactions between nutrients, diet, and the human body's molecular processes through precision nutrition.

Summary: This document from the Ibero-American Network of Nutriomics and Precision Nutrition (RINN22; View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria using calf and upper arm circumference as phenotypic criteria for assessing muscle mass demonstrate satisfactory validity for diagnosing malnutrition in hospitalized patients: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Hospitalized individuals present high rates of malnutrition and loss of muscle mass (MM). Imaging techniques for assessing MM are expensive and scarcely available in hospital practice. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) proposed a framework for malnutrition diagnosis that includes simple measurements to assess MM, such as calf circumference (CC) and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC).

Low Calf Circumference is Associated with Prolonged Hospital Stay in Older Patients with Solid Tumors: A Secondary Analysis of a Cohort Study.

Background: Older patients with cancer present intense loss of muscle mass (MM). Calf circumference (CC) is a simple measurement that assesses MM. This study analyzed the accuracy and association between low CC and negative outcomes in older patients with solid tumors.

Nutrition adequacy in the late period of the acute phase is associated with a lower risk of 30-day mortality in critically ill patients: A prospective cohort study.

Background: The provision of nutrition support for critically ill patients in the early phase of intensive care unit (ICU) admission plays a vital role in their recovery. However, there is still debate regarding the impact of nutrition adequacy of critical illness phases. We aimed to investigate whether nutrition adequacy in the acute phase (early and late periods) is associated with 30-day mortality in critically ill patients.

Adequate calorie and protein administration via enteral nutrition may contribute to improved 30-day survival in patients with solid tumors at nutritional risk.

Background: Patients with cancer receiving adequate enteral nutrition (EN) have improved clinical outcomes. Unfortunately, discrepancies may exist between the amounts prescribed and received. This study aimed to investigate: (1) the receiving exclusive EN, (2) the relationship between inadequacy and unfavorable outcomes, and (3) the impact of inadequate EN administration on the survival of patients with cancer.

Prolonged hospitalization and 1-year mortality are associated with sarcopenia and malnutrition in older patients with type 2 diabetes: A prospective cohort study.

Aim: To assess the relationship of the presence of sarcopenia and malnutrition with unfavorable clinical outcomes: prolonged length of hospital stay (LOS), readmission, and one-year mortality in older patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods: Were included 319 patients with ≥ 60 years of age with T2D hospitalized at a university hospital in Southern Brazil. Sarcopenia was diagnosed according to handgrip strength (HGS), calf circumference (CC), and the timed up and go (TUG) walking test, and malnutrition according to the subjective global assessment (SGA) and the mini nutritional assessment long form (MNA-LF).

Complementarity of nutritional assessment tools to predict prolonged hospital stay and readmission in older patients with solid tumors: A secondary analysis of a cohort study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the complementarity of five nutritional risk screening tools (Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 [NRS-2002], Malnutrition Screening Tool [MST], Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool [MUST], Mini-Nutritional Assessment-Short Form [MNA-SF], and Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment SF [PG-SGA SF]) combined with three malnutrition diagnostic tools (SGA, PG-SGA, and Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition [GLIM]) and their ability to predict poor clinical outcomes in older patients with cancer.

Methods: Using data collected within 48 h of hospital admission, we conducted a prospective cohort study on nutritional risk (NRS-2002, MST, MUST, MNA-SF, and PG-SGA SF) and the presence of malnutrition (SGA, PG-SGA, and GLIM). Patients were grouped according to their nutritional risk and malnutrition status.

Validity of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition criteria using calf circumference in the prediction of in-hospital mortality in older surgical patients: A secondary analysis of a cohort study.

Background: Malnutrition is a prevalent condition among older patients and is associated with worse clinical outcomes. Methods such as the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), the Mini Nutritional Assessment Long Form (MNA-LF), and the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) diagnose malnutrition early. This study aimed to evaluate the performance and validity of these instruments to predict the length of hospital stay (LOS) and in-hospital mortality in older surgical patients.

Accuracy of the GLIM Criteria and SGA Compared to PG-SGA for the Diagnosis of Malnutrition and Its Impact on Prolonged Hospitalization: A Prospective Study in Patients with Cancer.

Background: Early assessment of malnutrition in cancer patients is essential. This study analyzed the accuracy of the Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) and the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), in diagnosing malnutrition, considering the Patient Generated-SGA (PG-SGA) as a reference, and the impact of malnutrition on hospital days.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study in 183 patients with gastrointestinal, head and neck, and lung cancer.

Methods of nutritional assessment and functional capacity in the identification of unfavorable clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer: a systematic review.

Context: Malnutrition has a negative impact on patients with cancer. Identifying risk, nutritional status, and functional capacity can contribute to adequate and early nutritional therapy, which can reduce unfavorable clinical outcomes.

Objective: To evaluate and summarize the main instruments of nutritional assessment and functional capacity and associate their results with clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with cancer.

Relationship between the FTO Genotype and Early Chronic Kidney Disease in Type 2 Diabetes: The Mediating Role of Central Obesity, Hypertension, and High Albuminuria.

Introduction: Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene have been associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) and its complications. The aim of the present research was to investigate which and how (directly or indirectly) clinical and metabolic variables mediate the association between fat mass and the FTO gene and early chronic kidney disease (CKD) in individuals with T2D.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 236 participants with T2D (53.

Influence of thickening agents on rheological properties and sensory attributes of dysphagic diet.

Dysphagia is the difficulty during the progression of the bolus from the mouth to the stomach. Modifying the texture of the food is a fundamental factor for safe swallowing in patients with dysphagia since inadequate consistency can result in complications. To personalize and develop diets for dysphagia, understanding, and controlling the rheological and sensory properties of thickeners is useful.

Efficacy of single-dose cholecalciferol in the blood pressure of patients with type 2 diabetes, hypertension and hypovitaminoses D.

Observational and experimental data reinforce the concept that vitamin D is associated with the pathogenesis of arterial hypertension. We investigated the effect of a single dose of 100,000 IU of cholecalciferol, in office blood pressure (BP), and 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, and hypovitaminosis D. Forty-three patients were randomized to a placebo or cholecalciferol group.

Predictive equations for evaluation for resting energy expenditure in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes: what can we use?

Background: Evaluation of the resting energy expenditure (REE) is essential to ensure an appropriate dietary prescription for patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of this record was to evaluate the accuracy of predictive equations for REE estimation in patients with type 2 diabetes, considering indirect calorimetry (IC) as the reference method.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed in outpatients with type 2 diabetes.

NUTRIC Score: Isolated and Combined Use With the NRS-2002 to Predict Hospital Mortality in Critically Ill Patients.

Background: Identification of nutritional risk in critically ill patients is a challenge because each nutritional screening tool has its specific characteristics. The objective was to evaluate the performance of the modified Nutrition Risk in Critically ill (mNUTRIC) score, used alone or in combination with the Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS-2002) score, to predict hospital mortality in critically ill patients.

Methods: A prospective study was performed with patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) from October 2017 to April 2018.

High nutritional risk is associated with unfavorable outcomes in patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

Objective: To evaluate possible associations between nutritional risk and the clinical outcomes of critical patients admitted to an intensive care unit.

Methods: A prospective study was carried out with a cohort comprising 200 patients admitted to a university hospital intensive care unit. Nutritional risk was assessed with the NRS-2002 and NUTRIC scores.

Basal metabolic rate in Brazilian patients with type 2 diabetes: comparison between measured and estimated values.

Objectives: The aims of this study are to investigate which of the seven selected predictive equation for estimating basal metabolic rate (BMR) is the best alternative to indirect calorimetry (IC) and to evaluate the dietary energy intake in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Subjects And Methods: Twenty-one patients with type 2 diabetes participated in this diagnostic test study. Clinical and laboratorial variables were evaluated as well as body composition by absorptiometry dual X-ray emission (DXA) and BMR measured by IC and estimated by prediction equations.

Higher fiber intake is associated with lower blood pressure levels in patients with type 1 diabetes.

Objective The present investigation sought to evaluate the potential association between dietary fiber intake and blood pressure (BP) in adult patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Subjects and methods A cross-sectional study was carried out in 111 outpatients with T1D from Porto Alegre, Brazil. Patients were predominantly male (56%) and white (88%), with a mean age of 40 ± 10 years, diabetes duration of 18 ± 9 years, BMI 24.

Nutritional risk assessment in critically ill cancer patients: systematic review.

Objective: To systematically review the main methods for nutritional risk assessment used in critically ill cancer patients and present the methods that better assess risks and predict relevant clinical outcomes in this group of patients, as well as to discuss the pros and cons of these methods according to the current literature.

Methods: The study consisted of a systematic review based on analysis of manuscripts retrieved from the PubMed, LILACS and SciELO databases by searching for the key words "nutritional risk assessment", "critically ill" and "cancer".

Results: Only 6 (17.

Fiber intake and glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.

This systematic review with meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCT) aimed to analyze the effect of fiber intake on glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes. Databases were searched up to November 2012 using the following medical subject headings: diabetes, fiber, and randomized controlled trial. Absolute changes in glycated hemoglobin and fasting plasma glucose were reported as differences between baseline and end-of-study measures.

The rs9939609 polymorphism in the FTO gene is associated with fat and fiber intakes in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Background/aims: The common polymorphism in the FTO gene (rs9939609) has been associated with obesity, type 2 diabetes, and appetite regulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible associations of FTO rs9939609 with dietary factors in patients with type 2 diabetes.

Methods: This was a cross-sectional study of 236 patients with type 2 diabetes (age 60.