The rising threat of Nipah virus: a highly contagious and deadly zoonotic pathogen.

The Nipah virus (NiV) is a highly virulent zoonotic infectious agent that poses a significant threat to public health. The virus is characterized by its pleomorphic structure and a single-stranded negative-sense RNA genome. It encodes six structural proteins and three nonstructural proteins.

Optimizing performance in young goats: impact of concentrate supplementation in Cicer arietinum straw-based diets on rumen fermentation, nutrient availability, blood profile and growth.

The current study was conducted to optimize the growth performance of Indian goat breed (Barbari), with a focus on enhancing productivity for intensive commercial goat farming systems. The study explored the impact of varying concentrations of concentrate feed mix on the growth, nutrient utilization, rumen fermentation, and blood health of intensively raised young Barbari goats. Thirty-two male weaned kids, approximately 5 months old and weighing 9.

Evaluating climate vulnerability in dairy farming systems across agro climatic zones in Jharkhand State of India: a scientific analysis of exposure, sensitivity and adaptive capacity parameters.

Indian dairy farming systems face significant challenges from climate change, which negatively impacts milk production. Despite this, research addressing the issue remains scarce. Thus, this study aims to assess the climate vulnerability of dairy farming across three agro climatic zones in Jharkhand: Zone IV (Central and North Eastern Plateau), Zone V (Western Plateau), and Zone VI (South Eastern Plateau).

Ameliorating arsenic toxicity in young goats: assessing vitamin E and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on feed intake, carcass quality, mineral profiles in tissues and impending health risks to humans.

This study aimed to assess the efficacy of vitamin E, yeast culture (Saccharomyces cerevisiae), and a combined supplement of both in alleviating the impacts of arsenic exposure on young goats. Alongside, we investigated feed consumption, carcass traits, arsenic levels in blood and organs, mineral distribution in different tissues, and potential human health risks from consuming meat from arsenic-exposed goats. Thirty healthy male Black Bengal goat weaned kids, averaging 6.

Effect of supplementation of phytoadditive mixtures on live weight, blood indices, hormonal profile and reproductive performance in Black Bengal goats.

The study was conducted to evaluate the effect of phytoadditive mixtures containing equal proportions of Curcuma longa & Allium sativum (PAM-1) and Curcuma longa & Ocimum sanctum (PAM-2) on live weight, blood parameters, hormonal profile and reproductive performance in Black Bengal goats. A total of 21 post weaned female kids of 3-4 months age and similar body weights maintained at Goat Research Unit of Eastern Regional Station (ERS), National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI), Kalyani, India during the year 2021-2022 were randomly distributed in three groups namely, Control, PAM-1 and PAM-2 for 10 months. Blood parameters i.

Effect of Thermo-Insulated Kid Barrel on Behavioral, Physiological Responses, and Morphometric Growth Performance of Winter-Born Black Bengal Goat Kids during Pre- and Post-Weaning Periods.

This study assessed the effect of a thermo-insulated kid barrel (KB) on the behavioral, physiological, and morphometric growth performance of winter-born Black Bengal goat kids. Two groups were studied: one group was housed in a goat shed without a thermo-insulated kid barrel (control group), while the other group was housed in a shed with a thermo-insulated kid barrel (kid barrel group). Each group consisted of six kids along with their mothers.

GT-Net: global transformer network for multiclass brain tumor classification using MR images.

Multiclass classification of brain tumors from magnetic resonance (MR) images is challenging due to high inter-class similarities. To this end, convolution neural networks (CNN) have been widely adopted in recent studies. However, conventional CNN architectures fail to capture the small lesion patterns of brain tumors.

A porous organic polymer for symmetric sodium dual-ion batteries through an adsorption-intercalation-insertion mechanism.

A porous organic polymer (POP) has been developed for dual-ion storage in all organic symmetric rechargeable batteries. The triphenylamine-pyrene-based POP could host sodium and hexafluorophosphate ions acting as the anode and the cathode, respectively, through the adsorption-intercalation and insertion mechanism. The current study highlights the concept of widening the potential window of a dual ion battery by judicious selection of the constituent moieties.

Directly Knitted Hierarchical Porous Organometallic Polymer-Based Self-Supported Single-Site Catalyst for CO Hydrogenation in Water.

In recent times, heterogenization of homogeneous molecular catalysts onto various porous solid support structures has attracted significant research focus as a method for combining the advantages of both homogeneous as well as heterogeneous catalysis. The design of highly efficient, structurally robust and reusable heterogenized single-site catalysts for the CO hydrogenation reaction is a critical challenge that needs to be accomplished to implement a sustainable and practical CO -looped renewable energy cycle. This study demonstrated a heterogenized catalyst [Ir-HCP-(B/TPM)] containing a molecular Ir-abnormal N-heterocyclic carbene (Ir-aNHC) catalyst self-supported by hierarchical porous hyper-crosslinked polymer (HCP), in catalytic hydrogenation of CO to inorganic formate (HCO ) salt that is a prospective candidate for direct formate fuel cells (DFFC).

Spatial variation in livelihood security among livestock-based agricultural farming systems in climatically vulnerable Indian Sundarbans.

Farm households in the UNESCO World Heritage site Sundarbans face serious problems, including increased soil salinity, frequent extreme weather events, seawater intrusion and flood damage, all of which cause distress to the livelihoods of the farm families. Policymakers commonly acknowledge livestock as a crucial resource for mitigating economic losses caused by crop failures due to extreme weather events. Despite Sundarbans' vulnerability to extreme weather events, smallholder farmers' livelihoods vary across the region.

The Effects of Dietary Inorganic and Organic Chromium Supplementation on Blood Metabolites, Hormones, and Mineral Composition of Blood and Internal Organs in Black Bengal goats.

The present study was performed to evaluate the influence of dietary inorganic and organic chromium (Cr) supplementation on blood biochemical constituents and mineral concentrations as well as the changes in the mineral composition of internal organs of Black Bengal goats. Thirty Black Bengal kids of 3 to 5 months (5.40 ± 0.

Influence of Dietary Supplementation of Inorganic and Organic Chromium on Body Conformation, Carcass Traits, and Nutrient Composition in Muscle and Internal Organs of Black Bengal Goats.

The effect of dietary inorganic and organic chromium (Cr) on body morphometry, carcass traits, and nutrient composition, including different minerals and fatty acids in meat and internal organs of Black Bengal goats, was studied. Thirty weaned Black Bengal kids of 3-5 months (5.40 ± 0.

Transformation of an Imine Cage to a Covalent Organic Framework Film at the Liquid-Liquid Interface.

Dynamic covalent chemistry (DCC) opens up a fascinating route for the construction of well-organized supramolecular architectures, starting from organic molecular cages to crystalline macromolecular covalent organic frameworks (COFs). Herein, for the first time, we have manifested a facile room-temperature DCC-directed transformation of discrete organic imine cage-to-COF film at the liquid-liquid interface. The unfolding of the cage leading to the generation of imine intermediates, followed by their interface-assisted preorganization and subsequent growth of the COF film, are elucidated through detailed spectroscopic and microscopic investigations.

Nanostructured Hypercrosslinked Porous Organic Polymers: Morphological Evolution and Rapid Separation of Polar Organic Micropollutants.

Nanostructured hypercrosslinked porous organic polymers have triggered immense research interest for a broad spectrum of applications ranging from catalysis to molecular separation. However, it still remains a challenge to tune their nanoscale morphology. Herein, we demonstrated a remarkable variation of morphologies of triptycene-based hypercrosslinked microporous polymers starting from irregular aggregates (FCTP) to rigid spheres (SCTP) to two-dimensional nanosheets (SKTP) from three distinct polymerization methodologies, Friedel-Crafts knitting using an external crosslinker, Scholl reaction, and solvent knitting, respectively.

Tris-NHC-propagated self-supported polymer-based Pd catalysts for heterogeneous C-H functionalization.

Three-dimensionally propagated imidazolium-containing mesoporous coordination polymer and organic polymer-based platforms were successfully exploited to develop single-site heterogenized Pd-NHC catalysts for oxidative arene/heteroarene C-H functionalization reactions. The catalysts were efficient in directed arene halogenation, and nondirected arene and heteroarene arylation reactions. High catalytic activity, excellent heterogeneity and recyclability were offered by these systems making them promising candidates in the area of heterogeneous C-H functionalization, where efficient catalysts are still scarce.

Two-dimensional Covalent Organic Frameworks for Electrochromic Switching.

The electrochromic materials have received immense attention for the fabrication of smart optoelectronic devices. The alteration of the redox states of the electroactive functionalities results in the color change in response to electrochemical potential. Even though transition metal oxides, redox-active small organic molecules, conducting polymers, and metallopolymers are known for electrochromism, advanced materials demonstrating multicolor switching with fast response time and high durability are of increasing demand.

Post-synthetic Modification of Covalent Organic Frameworks through in situ Polymerization of Aniline for Enhanced Capacitive Energy Storage.

Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) having layered architecture with open nanochannels and high specific surface area are promising candidates for energy storage. However, the low electrical conductivity of two-dimensional COFs often limits their scope in energy storage applications. The conductivity of COFs can be enhanced through post-synthetic modification with conducting polymers.

Cavitand and Molecular Cage-Based Porous Organic Polymers.

Supramolecular cavitands and organic cages having a well-defined cavity and excellent host-guest complexing ability have been explored for a myriad of applications ranging from catalysis to molecular separation to drug delivery. On the other hand, porous organic polymers (POPs) having tunable porosity and a robust network structure have emerged as advanced materials for molecular storage, heterogeneous catalysis, water purification, light harvesting, and energy storage. A fruitful marriage between guest-responsive discrete porous supramolecular hosts and highly porous organic polymers has created a new interface in supramolecular chemistry and materials science, confronting the challenges related to energy and the environment.

Influence of pre and postpartum alpha-tocopherol supplementation on milk yield, milk quality, and udder health of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical lower Gangetic region.

Background And Aim: Alpha-tocopherol supplementation influences milk yield, milk quality, and udder health of dairy cows, which needs to be investigated for Jersey crossbred cows at hot-humid climate. Therefore, the present study was framed with an objective to study the effect of pre and postpartum Alpha-tocopherol supplementation on milk yield, milk quality, and udder health status of Jersey crossbred cows at tropical climate.

Materials And Methods: For this study, 19 similar parity, body condition score, and production level dairy animals were separated randomly into three groups, namely, Control, T1 and T2.