Preoperative CRP is a predictive factor for prolonged hospital stay after radical cystectomy for bladder cancer.

Purpose: Radical cystectomy (RC) is a curative treatment for localized bladder cancer. We retrospectively investigated the predictive factors for prolonged hospital stay after RC, including patient characteristics, preoperative laboratory data, surgery-related factors, and postoperative complications.

Methods: We retrospectively analyzed data from 1,257 bladder cancer patients who underwent RC between 2010 and 2024: 516 open RC (ORC), 206 laparoscopic RC (LRC), and 535 robot-assisted RC (RARC).

GDF15 propeptide promotes bone metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer by augmenting the bone microenvironment.

Background: Bone metastasis (BM) is a common and fatal condition in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, there are no useful blood biomarkers for CRPC with BM, and the mechanism underlying BM is unclear. In this study, we investigated precise blood biomarkers for evaluating BM that can improve the prognosis of patients with CRPC.

Perioperative circulating tumor DNA enables the identification of patients with poor prognosis in upper tract urothelial carcinoma.

Perioperative systemic chemotherapy improves the prognosis of upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC). The first objective of this study was to verify whether perioperative circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) analysis using a pan-cancer gene panel and next-generation sequencing could identify patients with poor prognosis who require perioperative chemotherapy. Second, we investigated whether ctDNA is useful for minimal residual disease (MRD) detection and treatment monitoring in UTUC.

Successful separation of male pygopagus with anal canal and urethral reconstruction: a case report.

Background: Pygopagus is a type of conjoined twin binding at the buttocks. Some cases of pygopagus involve the fusion of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, and spinal cord. Few cases of male pygopagus have been reported; however, the prognosis after separation is unclear.

Early dynamics of circulating tumor DNA predict clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors in metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

Objectives: Detection of genomic alterations in circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid of peripheral blood can guide the selection of systemic therapy in cancer patients. The predictive significance of circulating tumor deoxyribonucleic acid in metastatic renal cell carcinoma remains unclear, especially for patients treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.

Methods: In this study, we collected plasma samples before and 1 month after commencing nivolumab monotherapy or nivolumab plus ipilimumab therapy from 14 metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients.

Novel diagnostic model for bone metastases in renal cell carcinoma patients based on bone scintigraphy analyzed by computer-aided diagnosis software and bone turnover markers.

Background: Computer-assisted diagnosis (CAD) systems for bone scans have been introduced as clinical quality assurance tools, but few studies have reported on its utility for renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. The aim of this study was to assess the diagnostic validity of the CAD system for bone scans and to construct a novel diagnostic system for bone metastases in RCC patients.

Methods: We evaluated bone scan images of 300 RCC patients.

Laparoscopic resection of aortocaval paraganglioma diagnosed by serial increase in urinary metanephrines after bilateral adrenalectomy in a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A.

Introduction: Although bilateral pheochromocytoma is prevalent in patients with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2, extra-adrenal tumors rarely occur in the aortocaval area.

Case Presentation: A 35-year-old man with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2A ( codon Cys634Arg mutation) underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for metachronous pheochromocytoma. After bilateral adrenalectomy, urinary metanephrines decreased below the measurement sensitivity.

[A Case of Para-Aortic Lymph Node Metastasis 10 Years after Transurethral Resection for Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer].

A 67-year-old man with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) underwent transurethral resection (TUR) in January 2008. The pathological diagnosis was urothelial carcinoma (UC), grade 2, pT1. A second TUR was performed 2 months later, and no evidence of malignancy was found.

Genomic and Pathological Characterization of Multiple Renal Cell Carcinoma Regions in Patient With Tuberous Sclerosis Complex: A Case Report.

Tuberous sclerosis complex is a genetic disorder characterized by facial angiofibromas, intellectual disability, epilepsy, and tumor formation in multiple organs, including the kidney. Renal cell carcinoma occurs in 2%-4% of patients with tuberous sclerosis complex, often developing multiply and bilaterally. Renal cell carcinoma associated with this genetic disorder may include complex tumor heterogeneity caused by the spatially different mutational landscape.

Gut Microbiota-Derived Short-Chain Fatty Acids Promote Prostate Cancer Growth via IGF1 Signaling.

Excessive intake of animal fat and resultant obesity are major risk factors for prostate cancer. Because the composition of the gut microbiota is known to change with dietary composition and body type, we used prostate-specific knockout mice as a prostate cancer model to investigate whether there is a gut microbiota-mediated connection between animal fat intake and prostate cancer. Oral administration of an antibiotic mixture (Abx) in prostate cancer-bearing mice fed a high-fat diet containing a large proportion of lard drastically altered the composition of the gut microbiota including and , inhibited prostate cancer cell proliferation, and reduced prostate expression and circulating insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels.

MiR-30b-3p and miR-126-3p of urinary extracellular vesicles could be new biomarkers for prostate cancer.

Background: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes are present in blood, urine, and saliva and contain proteins, microRNAs, and messenger RNAs. We investigated microRNAs in urinary EVs to discover new biomarkers of prostate cancer (PCa).

Methods: We isolated EVs from urine obtained following digital rectal examination (DRE) of 14 men with elevated levels of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) [negative biopsy (n=4) and PCa with Gleason scores of 6 (n=3), 7 (n=3), and 8-9 (n=4)].

Therapeutic and Clinical Outcomes of Robot-assisted Partial Nephrectomy Cryoablation for T1 Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background: In cT1 renal cell carcinoma (RCC), very few studies have compared oncological outcomes and renal function preservation rates in nephron-sparing robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN) and percutaneous cryoablation (PCA).

Patients And Methods: We retrospectively analysed 126 patients with cT1 RCC treated with RAPN (n=78) and computed tomography-guided PCA (n=48) between March 2016 and November 2019. Clinical data and outcomes were compared for the two groups.

Proteomic analysis of urinary and tissue-exudative extracellular vesicles to discover novel bladder cancer biomarkers.

Proteomic analysis of urinary extracellular vesicles (EVs) is a powerful approach to discover potential bladder cancer (BCa) biomarkers, however urine contains numerous EVs derived from the kidney and normal urothelial epithelium, which can obfuscate information related to BCa cell-derived EVs. In this study, we combined proteomic analysis of urinary EVs and tissue-exudative EVs (Te-EVs), which were isolated from culture medium of freshly resected viable BCa tissues. Urinary EVs were isolated from urine samples of 11 individuals (7 BCa patients and 4 healthy individuals), and Te-EVs were isolated from 7 BCa tissues.

High detection rate in [F]PSMA-1007 PET: interim results focusing on biochemical recurrence in prostate cancer patients.

Objective: F-labeled prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) ligand, [F]PSMA-1007, has the benefit of a higher synthetic yield and minimal excretion in the urine. High detection efficacy was reported in biochemical recurrence (BCR) of prostate cancer after radical prostatectomy. Thus, we evaluated the preliminary diagnostic utility of [F]PSMA-1007 PET in patients with prostate cancer, focusing on the BCR which is not detected on conventional imaging.

Peripheral T cell receptor repertoire features predict durable responses to anti-PD-1 inhibitor monotherapy in advanced renal cell carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) offer significant clinical benefits to a subset of cancer patients via the induction of a systemic T cell-mediated anti-cancer immune response. Thus, the dynamic characterization of T cell repertoires in the peripheral blood has the potential to demonstrate noninvasive predictive biomarkers for the clinical efficacy of ICIs. In this study, we collected tumor tissues and peripheral blood samples from 25 patients with advanced kidney cancer before anti-programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) treatment and 1, 3, and 6 months after treatment initiation.

The prognostic impact of immune-related adverse events in metastatic renal cell carcinoma patients treated with nivolumab: a real-world multi-institutional retrospective study.

Background: Recent studies have shown that immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) were correlated with favorable clinical outcome in patients with melanoma. However, in metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) patients, there have been few reports about the correlation between irAEs and clinical efficacy of anti-programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) therapy.

Methods: We retrospectively investigated 160 mRCC patients who started nivolumab monotherapy between September 2016 and July 2019.

Efficacy of prophylactic selective arterial embolization for renal angiomyolipomas: identifying predictors of 50% volume reduction.

Background: Transcatheter arterial embolization (TAE) has been widely performed for renal angiomyolipomas (AMLs) as prophylaxis or emergency treatment. On the other hand, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitors have recently been used for tuberous sclerosis (TSC)-related AMLs, and no comparison between the effectiveness of mTOR inhibitors versus prophylactic selective TAE has yet been performed. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of TAE for AML tumor volume reduction and predictors of tumor volume decrease over 50%, with reference to the EXIST-2 trial.

Fragmentation of cell-free DNA is induced by upper-tract urothelial carcinoma-associated systemic inflammation.

Reliable biomarkers for upper-tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) have yet to be found. Plasma cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been clinically applied as a minimally invasive blood biomarker for various types of cancer. We investigated the utility of plasma cfDNA as a blood biomarker in UTUC patients.

A Potential Mechanism of Anticancer Immune Response Coincident With Immune-related Adverse Events in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: Some reports showed encouraging efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors among patients who experienced immune-related adverse events (irAEs). Thus, characterization of T-cell repertoire and immune signatures in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) and tumors before and after immune checkpoint inhibitors treatment should contribute to better understanding of irAE-provoked anticancer immune responses.

Materials And Methods: We applied expression analysis of immune-related genes and T-cell receptor sequencing in tumor and PBMCs from five patients with renal cell carcinoma before combined immunotherapy and at the onset of severe irAEs.

Failure to achieve castrate level of serum testosterone during luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy in a patient with prostate cancer.

We report the failure to achieve castrate level of serum testosterone during luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone agonist therapy in a patient with prostate cancer. A 76-year-old man was admitted to our hospital for evaluation of an elevated serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) level (191.10 ng/ml) in August 2011.

Expression of Nectin-4 and PD-L1 in Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinoma.

Enfortumab vedotin is a novel antibody-drug conjugate targeting Nectin-4, which is highly expressed in urothelial carcinoma. However, the expression status of Nectin-4 in upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) remains unclear. The relationship between Nectin-4 and Programmed Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) in UTUC is also ambiguous.

TERT C228T mutation in non-malignant bladder urothelium is associated with intravesical recurrence for patients with non-muscle invasive bladder cancer.

Telomerase reverse transcriptase (TERT) promoter mutations are frequently found in tumors or urine from patients with urothelial carcinoma (UC). TERT promoter mutations are also detected in urine from patients with no evidence of cancer but are associated with subsequent UC development. Mutations in the TERT promoter are thought to be present in nonmalignant urothelium (NMU) during early stages of tumor formation prior to pathological change, but this has not been proven directly.