Urban physical disorder and alcohol consumption among adolescents in Brazilian capitals: a cross-sectional study.

This study aimed to estimate the association between urban physical disorder and alcohol consumption in Brazilian adolescents. The sample was composed of 2,384 adolescents, aged 12 to 17, resident in Brazilian capitals and participants in the Study of Cardiovascular Risk in Adolescents (ERICA), a school-based cross-sectional study undertaken in 2013 and 2014. The outcome variable was alcoholic beverage consumption characterized as having drunk an alcoholic beverage at least once in the previous 30 days.

Wildfire, deforestation and health in tropical rainforest areas: a scoping review protocol.

Introduction: Wildfires and deforestation potentially have direct effects on multiple health outcomes as well as indirect consequences for climate change. Tropical rainforest areas are characterised by high rainfall, humidity and temperature, and they are predominantly found in low-income and middle-income countries. This study aims to synthesise the methods, data and health outcomes reported in scientific papers on wildfires and deforestation in these locations.

Effects of heat waves on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Heat waves are becoming more intense and extreme as a consequence of global warming. Epidemiological evidence reveals the health impacts of heat waves in mortality and morbidity outcomes, however, few studies have been conducted in tropical regions, which are characterized by high population density, low income and low health resources, and susceptible to the impacts of extreme heat on health. The aim of this paper is to estimate the effects of heat waves on cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, according to sex, age, and heat wave intensity.

Short-term association between ambient air pollution and cardio-respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Background: Several epidemiological studies have reported associations between ambient air pollution and mortality. However, relatively few studies have investigated this relationship in Brazil using individual-level data.

Objectives: To estimate the short-term association between exposure to particulate matter <10 μm (PM10) and ozone (O3), and cardiovascular and respiratory mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, between 2012 and 2017.

Heat waves and mortality in the Brazilian Amazon: Effect modification by heat wave characteristics, population subgroup, and cause of death.

Background: The Brazilian Amazon faces overlapping socio-environmental, sanitary, and climate challenges, and is a hotspot of concern due to projected increases in temperature and in the frequency of heat waves. Understanding the effects of extreme events on health is a central issue for developing climate policies focused on the population's health.

Objectives: We investigated the effects of heat waves on mortality in the Brazilian Amazon, examining effect modification according to various heat wave definitions, population subgroups, and causes of death.

Improving geocoding matching rates of structured addresses in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

Strategies for improving geocoded data often rely on interactive manual processes that can be time-consuming and impractical for large-scale projects. In this study, we evaluated different automated strategies for improving address quality and geocoding matching rates using a large dataset of addresses from death records in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Mortality data included 132,863 records with address information in a structured format.

Projections of excess cardiovascular mortality related to temperature under different climate change scenarios and regionalized climate model simulations in Brazilian cities.

Background: There is an urgent need for more information about the climate change impact on health in order to strengthen the commitment to tackle climate change. However, few studies have quantified the health impact of climate change in Brazil and in the Latin America region. In this paper, we projected the impacts of temperature on cardiovascular (CVD) mortality according to two climate change scenarios and two regionalized climate model simulations in Brazilian cities.

Neighborhood physical disorder and common mental disorders in adolescence.

Objective: The aim of this study is to estimate the association between observed indicators of neighborhood physical disorder and common mental disorders in adolescents.

Methods: The study population included 2506 adolescents from three Brazilian state capitals (Rio de Janeiro, Porto Alegre, and Fortaleza) who participated in the Cardiovascular Risk Study in Adolescents (ERICA), a cross-sectional school-based study conducted in 2013-2014. Common mental disorders were assessed using the 12-item General Health Questionnaire.

Temperature and cardiovascular mortality in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil: effect modification by individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors.

Background: Many factors related to susceptibility or vulnerability to temperature effects on mortality have been proposed in the literature. However, there is limited evidence of effect modification by some individual-level factors such as occupation, colour/race, education level and community-level factors. We investigated the effect modification of the temperature-cardiovascular mortality relationship by individual-level and neighbourhood-level factors in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.

The effect of ambient temperature on cardiovascular mortality in 27 Brazilian cities.

Background: There is limited evidence on the relationship between temperature and cardiovascular mortality in middle and low-income countries, particularly in Latin America. In this study, we investigated the total effect of temperature on cardiovascular mortality in 27 Brazilian cities, and the effect modification by geographic, socioeconomic, demographic and infrastructure characteristics within cities.

Methods: In the city-specific analysis, we used time-series analyses to estimate the relationship between mean temperature and daily cardiovascular mortality using quasi-Poisson generalized linear models combined with distributed lag non-linear models.

[Use of causal diagrams in Epidemiology: application to a situation with confounding].

Epidemiological research still rarely uses causal diagrams, despite growing recognition of their explanatory potential. One possible reason is that many research programs involve themes in which there is a certain degree of uncertainty as to mechanisms in the processes that generate the data. In this study, the relationship between occupational stress and obesity is used as an example of the application of causal diagrams to questions related to confounding.

Television viewing and abdominal obesity in women according to smoking status: results from a large cross-sectional population-based study in Brazil.

Objective: To investigate the associations between television viewing and abdominal obesity (AO) in Brazilian women, according to smoking status.

Methods: Data of 13,262 adult women (18-49 years) from the 2006's Demographic Health Survey, a cross-sectional household study with complex probabilistic sample and national representativeness, were analyzed. AO, defined as waist circumference ≥ 80.

High cesarean prevalence in a national population-based study in Brazil: the role of private practice.

Background: Excessive use of cesarean sections (CSs) is a serious problem worldwide.

Objective: To estimate the frequency and identify factors associated with cesarean deliveries in Brazil.

Design: Cross-sectional study conducted in 2006-2007 as part of the third edition of the Children's and Women's National Demographic and Health Survey.