When to select two-level modified pedicle subtraction osteotomy in severe kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis?

Background: Two-level osteotomy has emerged as an effective technique for addressing severe kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Despite its efficacy, there remains a lack of consensus regarding the criteria for determining the necessity of two-level osteotomy. This study aimed to investigate precise and direct preoperative predictors for selection of two-level osteotomy in patients with severe AS kyphosis.

Human plasma metabolomics reveals metabolic targets for intervention in salt-sensitive hypertension.

Salt-sensitive hypertension (SSH) is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease, but its metabolic mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the plasma metabolic profile of SSH patients to identify potential therapeutic targets. Additionally, SSH patients were identified through an oral salt-loading test.

FABP4 inhibition suppresses bone resorption and protects against postmenopausal osteoporosis in ovariectomized mice.

Postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMOP) is a condition in women caused by estrogen deficiency, characterized by reduced bone mass and increased fracture risk. Fatty acid-binding protein 4 (FABP4), a lipid-binding protein involved in metabolism and inflammation, has emerged as a key regulator in metabolic disorders and bone resorption; however, its direct role in PMOP remains unclear. Here, we show that serum FABP4 levels in PMOP patients negatively correlate with bone mineral density, a trend also observed in ovariectomized mice.

Unveiling the role of PPIF and macrophage subtypes in LSCC progression via single-cell and exosome RNA sequencing.

Laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (LSCC) is a highly aggressive malignancy with a rising incidence over time. The tumor microenvironment (TME) plays a crucial role in LSCC development, yet the precise cellular characteristics of laryngeal cancer and its TME remain unclear. Here, we employed single-cell RNA sequencing analysis to uncover the heterogeneous populations of tumor and immune cells and investigate the role of the TME in LSCC.

Facile Synthesis of Ultramicroporous Organic-Linked Zincophosphate with High Thermal, Chemical and Water Stabilities.

The application of ultramicroporous materials for CO separation is limited by the rarity of materials exhibiting stability and rapid scale-up characteristics. In this study, we propose a rational approach to enhance the structural stability and durability of the pillared layer structure. Through the topotactic replacement of protons with metal ions in the parent 4,4'-bipyridine (bpy)-pillared zincophosphate, we observed the formation of edge-sharing dimers of ZnON and PO, as well as the insertion of (VOHO) into the zinc phosphate layers.

In silicon desinging of RANKL-targeting vaccine for protection of osteoporosis based on the epitope of Denosumab.

Background: Life quality of osteoporosis patients is affected significantly due to the severely complications of fracture and pain. RANKL, indicated as the key mediator of osteoporosis, plays a pathogenic role of osteoclasts induction. To target this program, two medications, bisphosphonate and Denosumab, were developed and achieved remarkable advantages in clinics.

Identification of XD23 as a potent inhibitor of osteosarcoma via downregulation of DKK1 and activation of the WNT/β-catenin pathway.

Osteosarcoma, the most prevalent malignant bone tumor, is notorious for its aggressive growth and invasiveness. The highly mutable genome of osteosarcoma has made identifying a key oncogene challenging, hindering the development of targeted treatments. Our study validates the effectiveness of XD23, an anti-cancer agent we previously identified, in curbing osteosarcoma proliferation, metastasis, EMT differentiation, and bone destruction and promoting osteosarcoma apoptosis.

Electrochemical Detection of Different Foodborne Bacteria for Point-of-Care Applications.

Bacterial infections resulting from foodborne pathogenic bacteria cause millions of infections that greatly threaten human health and are one of the leading causes of mortality around the world. To counter this, the early, rapid, and accurate detection of bacterial infections is very important to address serious health issue concerns. We, therefore, present an electrochemical biosensor based on aptamers that selectively bind with the DNA of specific bacteria for the accurate and rapid detection of various foodborne bacteria for the selective determination of bacterial infection types.

Prediction formulae of sagittal alignment in thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis after osteotomy.

To construct and validate prediction formulae of sagittal alignment in thoracolumbar kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) after osteotomy. A total of 115 AS patients who suffered from thoracolumbar kyphosis and underwent osteotomy were enrolled, with 85 patients in derivation group and 30 patients in validation group. Radiographic parameters were measured on lateral radiographs, including thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis (LL), T1 pelvic angel (TPA), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), osteotomized vertebral angle, pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and PI and LL mismatch (PI-LL).

Mucoid Degeneration of the Anterior Cruciate Ligament: Characteristics and Conservative Management.

Clinical and radiographic characteristics of mucoid degeneration of the anterior cruciate ligament (MD-ACL) were poorly documented in previous literature. And the optimal management strategy for MD-ACL remains unclear. Here, we summarized the characteristics associated with MD-ACL, and evaluated the clinical outcome of conservative management to MD-ACL.

Optimal immediate sagittal alignment for kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis following corrective osteotomy.

Purpose: To investigate the optimal immediate sagittal alignment of kyphosis in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) following corrective osteotomy.

Methods: Seventy-seven AS patients who underwent osteotomy were enrolled. Radiographic parameters, including global kyphosis (GK), lumbar lordosis (LL), T1 spinopelvic inclination (T1SPI), sagittal vertical axis (SVA), T1 pelvic angle (TPA), pelvic incidence (PI), pelvic tilt (PT), sacral slope (SS), and PI and LL mismatch (PI-LL), were collected.

Preoperative prediction of sagittal imbalance in kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis after one-level three-column osteotomy.

Background: This study aimed to determine preoperative predictors for sagittal imbalance in kyphosis secondary to ankylosing spondylitis (AS) after one-level three-column osteotomy.

Methods: A total of 55 patients with AS who underwent one-level three-column osteotomy were enrolled. The patients were divided into two groups according to sagittal vertical axis (SVA) value at the final follow-up (group A: SVA > 5 cm; group B: SVA ≤ 5 cm).

Toward a more accurate 3D atlas of C. elegans neurons.

Background: Determining cell identity in volumetric images of tagged neuronal nuclei is an ongoing challenge in contemporary neuroscience. Frequently, cell identity is determined by aligning and matching tags to an "atlas" of labeled neuronal positions and other identifying characteristics. Previous analyses of such C.

Pareto-Optimal Data Compression for Binary Classification Tasks.

The goal of lossy data compression is to reduce the storage cost of a data set while retaining as much information as possible about something () that you care about. For example, what aspects of an image contain the most information about whether it depicts a cat? Mathematically, this corresponds to finding a mapping X → Z ≡ f ( X ) that maximizes the mutual information I ( Z , Y ) while the entropy H ( Z ) is kept below some fixed threshold. We present a new method for mapping out the Pareto frontier for classification tasks, reflecting the tradeoff between retained entropy and class information.

Toward an artificial intelligence physicist for unsupervised learning.

We investigate opportunities and challenges for improving unsupervised machine learning using four common strategies with a long history in physics: divide and conquer, Occam's razor, unification, and lifelong learning. Instead of using one model to learn everything, we propose a paradigm centered around the learning and manipulation of theories, which parsimoniously predict both aspects of the future (from past observations) and the domain in which these predictions are accurate. Specifically, we propose a generalized mean loss to encourage each theory to specialize in its comparatively advantageous domain, and a differentiable description length objective to downweight bad data and "snap" learned theories into simple symbolic formulas.

A novel recombinant RANKL vaccine prepared by incorporation of an unnatural amino acid into RANKL and its preventive effect in a murine model of collagen-induced arthritis.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disease characterized by chronic inflammatory synovitis, bone atrophy, and subsequent progressive destruction of articular tissue. Targeted inhibition of receptor activator of NF-kB ligand (RANKL) has been highly successful in preventing RA-mediated bone erosion in animal models and patients, suggesting that development of a RANKL vaccine might be of therapeutic value. Our previous study has shown that the recombinant RANKL vaccine YpNOPhe, generated by replacement of a single tyrosine residue (Tyr) in murine RANKL (mRANKL) with p-nitrophenylalanine (pNOPhe), induces a high titer antibody response and prevents ovariectomy (OVX)-induced bone loss in mice.

A new vaccine targeting RANKL, prepared by incorporation of an unnatural Amino acid into RANKL, prevents OVX-induced bone loss in mice.

Bone homeostasis is maintained by a dynamic balance between osteoblastic bone formation and osteoclastic bone resorption. The receptor activator of nuclear-κB ligand (RANKL) is essential for the function of the bone-resorbing osteoclasts, and targeting RANKL has been proved highly successful in osteoporosis patients. This study aimed to design a novel vaccine targeting RANKL and evaluate its therapeutic effects in OVX-induced bone loss model.

Neurological complications of thoracic posterior vertebral column resection for severe congenital spinal deformities.

Purpose: The risk of neurological injury during vertebral column resection is high. In this study, we investigated the incidence and risk factors for neurological complications when treating spinal deformities by thoracic posterior vertebral column resection (PVCR).

Methods: Between 2008 and 2013, there were 62 consecutive patients (34 female patients and 28 male; the mean age: 16.

Safety and Efficacy of Single-Stage Surgical Treatment for Congenital Scoliosis Associated with Intraspinal Mass.

For congenital scoliosis associated with intraspinal anomaly, surgical treatment is often advocated. However, the safety and efficacy of single-stage intraspinal mass resection and scoliosis correction remain unclear. The purpose of this study was to retrospectively evaluate the feasibility and risk factors of single-stage surgical treatment for congenital scoliosis associated with intraspinal mass.

Preventing and reversing vacuum-induced optical losses in high-finesse tantalum (V) oxide mirror coatings.

High-finesse optical cavities placed under vacuum are foundational platforms in quantum information science with photons and atoms. We study the vacuum-induced degradation of high-finesse optical cavities with mirror coatings composed of SiO₂-Ta₂O₅ dielectric stacks, and present methods to protect these coatings and to recover their initial low loss levels. For separate coatings with reflectivities centered at 370 nm and 422 nm, a vacuum-induced continuous increase in optical loss occurs if the surface-layer coating is made of Ta₂O₅, while it does not occur if it is made of SiO₂.

Pathway-based mean-field model for Escherichia coli chemotaxis.

We develop a mean-field theory for Escherichia coli chemotaxis based on the coupled spatiotemporal dynamics of the cell population and the mean receptor methylation level field. This multiscale model connects the cells' population level motility behavior with the molecular level pathway dynamics. It reveals a simple scaling dependence of the chemotaxis velocity on the adaptation rate in exponential gradients.

Frequency-dependent Escherichia coli chemotaxis behavior.

We study Escherichia coli chemotaxis behavior in environments with spatially and temporally varying attractant sources by developing a unique microfluidic system. Our measurements reveal a frequency-dependent chemotaxis behavior. At low frequency, the E.