A longitudinal study of breastmilk feeding duration, EEG power and early academic skills.

Background: The cognitive benefits of breastfeeding are widely recognized; however, its effects on brain development and later academic skills require further examination. This study aimed to examine the longitudinal relations between breastmilk feeding, neurophysiological changes, and early academic skills.

Methods: In the Growing Up in Singapore Towards healthy Outcomes (GUSTO) birth cohort, breastmilk feeding practices were collected every 3 months from 3 weeks to 18 months postpartum.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy of medical students answering various item types.

Background: Traditionally, the effect of assessment item types including true/false questions (TFQs), multiple-choice questions (MCQs), short answer questions (SAQs), and case scenario questions (CSQs) is examined through psychometric qualities or student interviews. However, brain activity while answering such questions or items remains unknown. Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) can be used to safely measure cerebral cortex hemodynamic response during various tasks.

Systemic Diclofenac Sodium Reduces Postoperative rhBMP-2 Induced Neuroinflammation: A Rodent Model Study.

Study Design: This is a basic science, animal research study.

Objective: This study aims to explore, in rodent models, the effectiveness of systemic nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in reducing recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) induced neuroinflammation.

Summary Of Background Data: rhBMP-2 is increasingly used to augment fusion in lumbar interbody fusion surgeries, although it can cause complications including postoperative radiculitis.

Premenopausal Singaporean Women Suffering from Major Depressive Disorder Treated with Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors Had Similar Bone Mineral Density as Compared with Healthy Controls.

The association between selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) treatment and lower bone mineral density (BMD) remains controversial, and further research is required. This study aimed to compare the BMD, levels of bone formation and bone metabolism markers in medicated premenopausal Singaporean women with major depressive disorder (MDD) and matched healthy controls. We examined 45 women with MDD who received SSRI treatment (mean age: 37.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy during the verbal fluency task of English-Speaking adults with mood disorders: A preliminary study.

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) provides a direct and objective assessment of cerebral cortex function. It may be used to determine neurophysiological differences between psychiatric disorders with overlapping symptoms, such as major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). Therefore, this preliminary study aimed to compare fNIRS signals during the verbal fluency task (VFT) of English-speaking healthy controls (HC), patients with MDD and patients with BD.

Comparison of Brain Activation Patterns during Olfactory Stimuli between Recovered COVID-19 Patients and Healthy Controls: A Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) Study.

Impaired sense of smell occurs in a fraction of patients with COVID-19 infection, but its effect on cerebral activity is unknown. Thus, this case report investigated the effect of COVID-19 infection on frontotemporal cortex activity during olfactory stimuli. In this preliminary study, patients who recovered from COVID-19 infection ( = 6) and healthy controls who never contracted COVID-19 ( = 6) were recruited.

Attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination and willingness to pay: comparison of people with and without mental disorders in China.

Background: Acceptance and willingness to pay for the COVID-19 vaccine are unknown.

Aims: We compared attitudes toward COVID-19 vaccination in people suffering from depression or anxiety disorder and people without mental disorders, and their willingness to pay for it.

Method: Adults with depression or anxiety disorder ( = 79) and healthy controls ( = 134) living in Chongqing, China, completed a cross-sectional study between 13 and 26 January 2021.

Hemodynamic Response to Three Types of Urban Spaces before and after Lockdown during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

(1) Background: Prolonged lockdowns with stay-at-home orders have been introduced in many countries since the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. They have caused a drastic change in the everyday lives of people living in urbanized areas, and are considered to contribute to a modified perception of the public space. As research related to the impact of COVID-19 restrictions on mental health and well-being emerges, the associated longitudinal changes of brain hemodynamics in healthy adults remain largely unknown.

Cortical haemodynamic response during the verbal fluency task in patients with bipolar disorder and borderline personality disorder: a preliminary functional near-infrared spectroscopy study.

Background: Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) is an emerging neuroimaging modality that provides a direct and quantitative assessment of cortical haemodynamic response during a cognitive task. It may be used to identify neurophysiological differences between psychiatric disorders with overlapping symptoms, such as bipolar disorder (BD) and borderline personality disorder (BPD). Hence, this preliminary study aimed to compare the cerebral haemodynamic function of healthy controls (HC), patients with BD and patients with BPD.

Brief Relaxation Practice Induces Significantly More Prefrontal Cortex Activation during Arithmetic Tasks Comparing to Viewing Greenery Images as Revealed by Functional Near-Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Background: There is little understanding on how brief relaxation practice and viewing greenery images would affect brain responses during cognitive tasks. In the present study, we examined the variation in brain activation of the prefrontal cortex during arithmetic tasks before and after viewing greenery images, brief relaxation practice, and control task using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS).

Method: This randomized controlled study examined the activation patterns of the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in three groups of research participants who were exposed to viewing greenery images ( = 10), brief relaxation practice ( = 10), and control task ( = 11).

Validating a functional near-infrared spectroscopy diagnostic paradigm for Major Depressive Disorder.

Reduced haemodynamic response in the frontotemporal cortices of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD) has been demonstrated using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Most notably, changes in cortical oxy-haemoglobin during a Japanese phonetic fluency task can differentiate psychiatric patients from healthy controls (HC). However, this paradigm has not been validated in the English language.

Locating the Site of Neuropathic Pain Using MMP-12-Targeted Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Neuropathic pain remains underrecognised and ineffectively treated in chronic pain sufferers. Consequently, their quality of life is considerably reduced, and substantial healthcare costs are incurred. The anatomical location of pain must be identified for definitive diagnosis, but current neuropsychological tools cannot do so.

Factors Associated with the Risk of Developing Coronary Artery Disease in Medicated Patients with Major Depressive Disorder.

The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with high Framingham Risk Score (FRS) in medicated patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). We examined 61 medicated patients with MDD (mean age 37.77 ± 7.