Barriers to recruitment in a pre-surgical trial for ductal carcinoma in situ: an exploratory qualitative study of at-risk women, survivors, and providers.

Purpose: A qualitative focus group study was conducted to explore the perceived motivators and barriers to clinical trial participation from the perspective of women at risk for ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), women with a history of DCIS, and healthcare providers who care for patients with DCIS to improve recruitment to a prospective multicenter randomized prospective window of opportunity study of a tissue selective estrogen complex in postmenopausal women with DCIS.

Methods: Qualitative thematic analysis was applied to six online focus groups. The perceived motivators and barriers to participation in DCIS presurgical trials were assessed across groups.

Ergonomics Workshop Improves Musculoskeletal Symptoms in General Surgery Residents.

Introduction: Poor operative ergonomics can lead to muscle fatigue and injury. However, formal ergonomics education is uncommon in surgical residencies. Our study examines the prevalence of musculoskeletal (MSK) symptoms, baseline ergonomics knowledge, and the impact of an ergonomics workshop in general surgery residents.

A lysosome-targeted DNA nanodevice selectively targets macrophages to attenuate tumours.

Activating CD8 T cells by antigen cross-presentation is remarkably effective at eliminating tumours. Although this function is traditionally attributed to dendritic cells, tumour-associated macrophages (TAMs) can also cross-present antigens. TAMs are the most abundant tumour-infiltrating leukocyte.

A Single-Center Study of Adherence to Breast Cancer Screening Mammography Guidelines by Transgender and Non-Binary Patients.

Background: Adherence to screening guidelines among transgender and non-binary (TGNB) populations is not well studied. This study examines breast cancer screening patterns among TGNB patients at an urban academic medical center.

Methods: Demographic information, risk factors, and screening mammography were collected.

Evaluation of the Novel 4R Oncology Care Planning Model in Breast Cancer: Impact on Patient Self-Management and Care Delivery in Safety-Net and Non-Safety-Net Centers.

Purpose: Optimal cancer care requires patient self-management and coordinated timing and sequence of interdependent care. These are challenging, especially in safety-net settings treating underserved populations. We evaluated the 4R Oncology model (4R) of patient-facing care planning for impact on self-management and delivery of interdependent care at safety-net and non-safety-net institutions.

High-Resolution Full-3D Specimen Imaging for Lumpectomy Margin Assessment in Breast Cancer.

Background: Two-dimensional (2D) specimen radiography (SR) and tomosynthesis (DBT) for breast cancer yield data that lack high-depth resolution. A volumetric specimen imager (VSI) was developed to provide full-3D and thin-slice cross-sectional visualization at a 360° view angle. The purpose of this prospective trial was to compare VSI, 2D SR, and DBT interpretation of lumpectomy margin status with the final pathologic margin status of breast lumpectomy specimens.

Daily Physical Activity and Symptom Reporting in Breast Cancer Patients Undergoing Chemotherapy: An Intensive Longitudinal Examination.

Background: Increased activity is beneficial during chemotherapy, but treatment-related symptoms may be a barrier. This study examines the relationship between daily fluctuations in symptoms and activity during chemotherapy.

Methods: Women undergoing chemotherapy for breast cancer [ = 67; = 48.

Is Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging an Accurate Predictor of Nodal Status After Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy?

Background: With increasing use of sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC), preoperative imaging assessment of axillary lymph nodes (ALNs) has become more important in operative planning and patient counseling. We aimed to assess if MRI is an accurate predictor of the ALN status after NAC.

Methods: We used our institutional proprietary prospective database to review all patients with newly diagnosed breast cancer between August 2015 and March 2017 who received NAC, underwent post-NAC MRI, and axillary surgery.

Society of Surgical Oncology Breast Disease Working Group Statement on Prophylactic (Risk-Reducing) Mastectomy.

Over the past several years, there has been an increasing rate of bilateral prophylactic mastectomy (BPM) and contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) surgeries. Since publication of the 2007 SSO position statement on the use of risk-reducing mastectomy, there have been significant advances in the understanding of breast cancer biology and treatment. The purpose of this manuscript is to review the current literature as a resource to facilitate a shared and informed decision-making process regarding the use of risk-reducing mastectomy.

Radiology as the Point of Cancer Patient and Care Team Engagement: Applying the 4R Model at a Patient's Breast Cancer Care Initiation.

Radiologists aspire to improve patient experience and engagement, as part of the Triple Aim of health reform. Patient engagement requires active partnerships among health providers and patients, and rigorous teamwork provides a mechanism for this. Patient and care team engagement are crucial at the time of cancer diagnosis and care initiation but are complicated by the necessity to orchestrate many interdependent consultations and care events in a short time.

Examining the Relationship between Pre-Malignant Breast Lesions, Carcinogenesis and Tumor Evolution in the Mammary Epithelium Using an Agent-Based Model.

Introduction: Breast cancer, the product of numerous rare mutational events that occur over an extended time period, presents numerous challenges to investigators interested in studying the transformation from normal breast epithelium to malignancy using traditional laboratory methods, particularly with respect to characterizing transitional and pre-malignant states. Dynamic computational modeling can provide insight into these pathophysiological dynamics, and as such we use a previously validated agent-based computational model of the mammary epithelium (the DEABM) to investigate the probabilistic mechanisms by which normal populations of ductal cells could transform into states replicating features of both pre-malignant breast lesions and a diverse set of breast cancer subtypes.

Methods: The DEABM consists of simulated cellular populations governed by algorithms based on accepted and previously published cellular mechanisms.

The Breast-Thyroid Cancer Link: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Rates of thyroid cancer in women with a history of breast cancer are higher than expected. Similarly, rates of breast cancer in those with a history of thyroid cancer are increased. Explanations for these associations include detection bias, shared hormonal risk factors, treatment effect, and genetic susceptibility.

Commentary on the Canadian National Breast Screening study.

In the setting of the 25-year follow-up of the Canadian National Breast Screening Study, the Society of Surgical Oncology continues to endorse mammographic screening for women beginning at 40 years of age, while acknowledging that mammography has both risks and benefits. Further investigation is warranted to develop better screening methods and to determine optimal screening schedules for women based on their risk of future breast cancer and their imaging characteristics.

Utilization of radiotherapy for malignant phyllodes tumors: analysis of the National Cancer Data Base, 1998-2009.

Background: Malignant phyllodes tumors of the breast have traditionally been treated with surgical excision. Recently, the use of adjuvant radiotherapy has been advocated to reduce the risk of local recurrence; however, this recommendation is controversial in the absence of consistent outcome data. We hypothesize that there has been a trend toward increased utilization of adjuvant radiotherapy for malignant phyllodes tumors despite its uncertain effect on outcomes.

Dietary intakes of total and specific lignans are associated with clinical breast tumor characteristics.

Dietary lignans may affect breast cancer by modifying tumor characteristics likely to affect prognosis. We investigated usual dietary intakes of total and specific lignans with tumor characteristics in 683 women with breast cancer and 611 healthy women without breast cancer enrolled in the Data Bank and BioRepository at Roswell Park Cancer Institute (RPCI). Clinicopathologic data were abstracted from the RPCI breast cancer database.

The expression of TRMT2A, a novel cell cycle regulated protein, identifies a subset of breast cancer patients with HER2 over-expression that are at an increased risk of recurrence.

Background: Over-expression of HER2 in a subset of breast cancers (HER2+) is associated with high histological grade and aggressive clinical course. Despite these distinctive features, the differences in response of HER2+ patients to both adjuvant cytotoxic chemotherapy and targeted therapy (e.g.

TLE3 as a candidate biomarker of response to taxane therapy.

Introduction: The addition of taxanes (Ts) to chemotherapeutic regimens has not demonstrated a consistent benefit in early-stage breast cancer. To date, no clinically relevant biomarkers that predict T response have been identified.

Methods: A dataset of immunohistochemistry stains in 411 patients was mined to identify potential markers of response.

Multiple primary tumors in men with breast cancer diagnoses: a SEER database review.

Background: Male breast cancer (MBC) comprises 1% of all breast cancers and less than 1% of cancer cases in men. After a diagnosis of MBC, men are at risk of developing a second primary cancer, particularly a second primary breast cancer. The objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of the population of men diagnosed with a second malignancy, specifically a second MBC.

Triangular approach for the diagnosis of monoclonal gammopathy in malignancies.

Monoclonal Gammopathy (MG) in multiple myeloma (MM) is an established association but its occurrence in nonmyelomatous malignancies and other inflammatory conditions is still a subject of research. We carried out this study to detect monoclonal gammopathy in myelomatous and nonmyelomatous malignancies by adopting the triangular approach of correlating radiologic findings, bone marrow studies and electrophoretic findings. 200 cases of malignancies (25 cases of multiple myeloma and 175 cases of nonmyelomatous malignancies) were studied.