Effect of duration of fixation with formalin on mRNA expression using quantitative RT-PCR.

Background: Analysis of mRNA in archival tissues using RT-qPCR has the potential to become an important element in diagnosis and research. There is uncertainty whether mRNA extraction and analyses from archival tissues are possible or not. This study will look for the possibility of mRNA extraction, RT-qPCR analysis, and standardization of the protocol using formalin fixed paraffin-embedded blocks.

A Study on Cancer-Associated Fibroblast Using Alpha-Smooth Muscle Actin Immunohistochemistry in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) represents a significant global health burden with complex pathophysiology involving tumor microenvironment interactions. The tumor stroma, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), plays a crucial role in tumor advancement, invasion, and metastasis. CAFs, identified by alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) expression, influence tumor behavior through extracellular matrix remodelling and pro-tumorigenic signalling.

Impact of Abatacept Inclusive Graft-Versus-Host Disease Prophylaxis in Pediatric Stem Cell Transplantation for Hemoglobinopathy.

Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) provides a curative option for patients with hemoglobinopathies by establishing donor-derived hematopoiesis. However, outcomes are compromised by toxicities and graft-versus-host disease (GVHD), particularly in patients older than 13 years undergoing HCT from unrelated donors. To evaluate the safety and benefit of extended duration (until day +365) abatacept incorporated into GVHD prophylaxis compared to standard prophylaxis that included prednisone in children and adolescents with hemoglobinopathy undergoing HCT from related and unrelated donors.

Motor sequence learning elicits mu peak-specific corticospinal plasticity.

Motor cortical (M1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions increase corticospinal output and improve motor learning when delivered during sensorimotor mu rhythm trough but not peak phases, suggesting that the mechanisms supporting motor learning may be most active during mu trough phases. Based on these findings, we predicted that motor sequence learning-related corticospinal plasticity would be most evident when measured during mu trough phases. Healthy adults were assigned to either a sequence or no-sequence group.

Vitreous Sensing Vitrectomy.

Purpose: Adequately visualizing the vitreous at times during vitrectomy can be challenging for surgeons. We describe a novel technique using surgical data from the vitrectomy machine to differentiate between vitreous and balanced salt solution (BSS) in real time.

Methods: Vitrectomy was performed in ex vivo porcine eyes across a range of vacuum levels and across available vitrectors on the Alcon Constellation.

Jejunal Tuberculosis Presenting as an Acute Intestinal Obstruction in a 74-Year-Old Patient: An Uncommon Encounter.

Abdominal tuberculosis involving the jejunum, although rare, can manifest with nonspecific symptoms, posing challenges in diagnosis and management, especially in elderly individuals. The clinical course of a 74-year-old man who complained of acute onset vomiting, constipation, and abdominal discomfort is described in this case report. He was eventually found to have a small intestinal (jejunal) blockage as a result of abdominal tuberculosis (TB).

Association between TI-RADS ultrasound categories and BETHESDA cytology categories of thyroid lesions.

Background: Ultrasound and cytology are the two major diagnostic modalities employed for the preoperative evaluation of thyroid lesions. Ultrasound thyroid imaging reporting and data systems (TI-RADS) have been proposed for risk stratification of thyroid nodules. The Bethesda system for reporting thyroid cytopathology (TBSRTC) by using six diagnostic categories with a stratified risk of malignancy (ROM) in each category is employed for unambiguous cytology reporting of thyroid lesions.

Detection of in oral potentially malignant disorders and oral squamous cell carcinoma using qRT-PCR: A comparative study.

Background: Recent researches has shown a significant association between microorganisms and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). , the keystone pathogen in chronic periodontitis, is considered as an important potential etiologic agent of OSCC, but the underlying mechanisms by which mediates OSCC progression remain poorly understood.

Aim: The aim of this study was to compare the levels of in oral potentially malignant disorders, oral squamous cell carcinoma and normal oral mucosa using qRT-PCR.

Comparison of outcomes following subcutaneous or intravenous alemtuzumab administered prior to reduced intensity conditioning for transplantation in pediatric sickle cell disease.

Background: Alemtuzumab-containing conditioning regimens are used for allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) to reduce acute and chronic graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and the risk of graft rejection. Alemtuzumab is typically administered intravenously but is often accompanied by infusion-related side effects, including injection site reactions and anaphylaxis. Little is known about the routes of administration and if they differ in safety and efficacy in pediatric patients, especially when used in transplant conditioning.

Bifocal intracranial germ cell tumor: A diagnostic and therapeutic dilemma for radiation oncologists.

An eight-year-old child presenting with increased thirst, raised intracranial tension and visual deterioration was diagnosed with synchronous suprasellar and pineal lesions, for which she underwent partial resection of the suprasellar lesion. Histopathological examination suggested pure germinoma. Tumor marker evaluation showed significantly raised levels of beta human chorionic gonadotropin (βHCG), favoring a non-germinoma germ cell tumor (NGGCT), leading to a diagnostic dilemma as the histology and βHCG levels were contradictory.

Method for Quantitative Analysis of Vitreoretinal Adhesion in Ex Vivo Model.

Purpose: Posterior vitreous detachment (PVD) is implicated in numerous retinal pathologies. A necessary step in developing new therapies, an area of significant interest, is a quantifiable assessment of posterior vitreous adhesion (PVA) that is also clinically relevant.

Methods: A 23-gauge vitrector was used at varying levels of vacuum to attempt PVD induction in a porcine eye model injected with either balanced salt solution (BSS) (control) or plasmin (2, 3, or 5 U), which can pharmacologically induce PVD.

Dr Kadambini Bose Ganguly (1861-1923): First Indian woman to practise Western medicine in India.

Dr Kadambini Bose Ganguly, BA, Graduate of Bengal Medical College (GBMC), LRCPE, LRCSE, LRFPSG, a woman of many firsts, defied social criteria to become one of the first women to graduate in medicine in India in the nineteenth century. She was also the first Indian female to pass an entrance examination to a medical school in India. Dr Ganguly went on to become the first Indian woman to graduate and practise Western medicine in India, and remains an important symbol of women's empowerment in India.

Lived experiences of medical students of online learning: lessons for adopting virtual learning in medical education.

Background: The COVID 19 lockdown created a shift in medical education from the traditional physical classroom to online learning.

Objectives: To explore the lived experiences of students in various years of medical education attending a medical college in Chennai, India.

Methods: In this qualitative exploration of lived experiences we conducted 4 focus group discussions among students of the four years in the medical college with the help of a checklist.

Motor sequence learning elicits mu peak-specific corticospinal plasticity.

Unlabelled: Motor cortical (M1) transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) interventions increase corticospinal output and improve motor learning when delivered during sensorimotor mu rhythm trough but not peak phases, suggesting that the mechanisms supporting motor learning may be most active during mu trough phases. Based on these findings, we predicted that motor sequence learning-related corticospinal plasticity would be most evident when measured during mu trough phases. Healthy adults were assigned to either a sequence or no-sequence group.

An Efficient Synthesis of Novel Aminothiazolylacetamido-Substituted 3,5-Bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone Derivatives and Their Cytotoxicity Studies.

The expansion of 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone derivatives with heterocyclic compounds such as 1,3-thiazole should take into account this correlation. The synthesized aminothiazolylacetamido-substituted 3,5-bis(arylidene)-4-piperidone derivatives - were found to have GI values in the range of 0.15-0.

Adaptation of Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) in Bengali Language.

Background: Morningness-Eveningness Questionnaire (MEQ) has been used to assess working efficiency of an individual. The self-reporting MEQ is available in English language, and its applicability to Indian scenario is limited to educated/ English proficient individuals only. Since, majority in India still depend on the regional languages for communication, it is difficult to make live translation of the questionnaire while administration and results may also vary due to tester's language proficiency.

Education Intervention on 'Hearing Impairment - Its Assessment and Management' among Medical Practitioners in Sikkim, India.

Background: Health care providers must be aware of the choices in aural rehabilitation methods and assessment procedures available presently to those with hearing impairment in order to facilitate early identification and intervention and ensure quality of care to those hearing impaired individuals. The referrals from the medical fraternities for the audiological services are not uniform across India. Part of reason may be that awareness about the roles of and responsibilities of audiologist's is poor among medical practitioners.

Migraine is a risk factor for pseudophakic positive dysphotopsia following monofocal lens implantation.

Objective: To identify neuroadaptation-related risk factors for persistent positive dysphotopsia (>6 months) following monofocal lens implantation.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Participants: Patients of an academic institution and a private practice in Saint Louis, Missouri.

Neighborhood deprivation in relation to ovarian reserve and outcomes of ovarian stimulation among oocyte donors.

Objective: To study the relationship between neighborhood deprivation index (NDI) and markers of ovarian reserve and outcomes of controlled ovarian stimulation among young, healthy oocyte donors.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Patients: A total of 547 oocyte donors who underwent 905 oocyte retrieval cycles (2008-2020) at a private fertility center in Sandy Springs, Georgia, United States.

Silico-tuberculosis amidst COVID-19 pandemic: global scenario and Indian perspective.

Inhalation of crystalline silica-rich dust particles can result in the deadly occupational lung disorder called silicosis. The risk of contracting tuberculosis (TB) and the potential for lung cancer increase due to silicosis. This review article aims to bring to light the state of silicosis and TB scenario in the world and India for evaluating hurdles in the present and future to achieve the elimination road map and assess these conditions in the backdrop of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Monitoring Macro- and Microcirculation in the Critically Ill: A Narrative Review.

Circulatory shock is a common and important diagnosis in the critical care environment. Hemodynamic monitoring is quintessential in the management of shock. The currently used hemodynamic monitoring devices not only measure cardiac output but also provide data related to the prediction of fluid responsiveness, extravascular lung water, and also pulmonary vascular permeability.