Meta-analysis of Genetic polymorphism of Enhancer of Zeste Homolog2 gene in cancer susceptibility.

The alteration in the expression of enhancer of zeste homolog-2 (EZH2) gene is very well known in the progression, severity, and aggressiveness of cancer. Hence, it is important to study the genomic variation of the EZH2 gene. Previously, many association-based studies investigated the association between rs2302427C>G and cancer susceptibility.

EZH2 Expression and Survival for ER+/tamoxifen Treated Breast Cancer Patients with rs2302427 C>G: A Novel Prognostic and Risk Predictive Biomarker.

Background And Objectives: Overexpression of the EZH2 gene silences several genes involved in DNA repair, cell-cell adhesion, and tumor suppressor genes, resulting in the development of several types of cancers. In the present study, a genetic polymorphism analysis was performed by selecting three SNPs (rs.2302427C>G, rs.

Valproic acid-induced eosinophilic pleural effusion: An uncommon occurrence.

A 43-year-old male using valproic acid (VA) for 2 years for seizure disorder presented with right-sided moderate pleural effusion. Pleural fluid analysis revealed exudative effusion with 42% eosinophils. There was no evidence of haemothorax, pneumothorax, malignancy, and parasitic infections.

Spectrum of Clinical Presentation of Pulmonary Alveolar Microlithiasis: Case Series from North India.

We describe five cases of pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) from North India with characteristic radiological and histopathological features. All patients were symptomatic with variable severity and duration of the symptoms and one patient developed cor-pulmonale during the course of follow-up. Diagnosis of PAM was suspected on the basis of classical sand-storm appearance on radiological examination and confirmed by transbronchial lung biopsy in four of the five cases.

Utility of fine needle aspiration cytology to comprehend the pathogenesis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis.

Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) is a precise, cost-effective, and minimal invasive technique for diagnosis of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB). This study was aimed to analyze clinical and cytological characteristics of EPTB with particular emphasis on pathogenesis.

Methods: This was a retrospective study analyzing 237 cases of EPTB diagnosed on FNAC.

Electronic cigarettes: facts and myths.

E-cigarettes are devices designed to deliver nicotine to users without burning tobacco. These are being marketed globally as a healthier substitute to the conventional cigarettes and as smoking quitting aids. The use of these devices has increased recently in developed countries with approximately 1.

Guidelines for Diagnosis and Management of Bronchial Asthma: Joint Recommendations of National College of Chest Physicians (India) and Indian Chest Society.

Bronchial asthma is an important public health problem in India with significant morbidity. Several international guidelines for diagnosis and management of asthma are available, however there is a need for country-specific guidelines due to vast differences in availability and affordability of health-care facilities across the globe. The Indian Chest Society (ICS) and the National College of Chest Physicians (NCCP) of India have collaborated to develop evidence-based guidelines with an aim to assist physicians at all levels of health-care in diagnosis and management of asthma in a scientific manner.

Askin's tumour in pregnancy with dismal prognosis.

Askin's tumour is a rare malignant neoplasm of the chest wall. A 23-year-old primigravida patient was admitted to the hospital with complaints of chest wall swelling, cough and dyspnoea. Radiological examination showed a chest wall mass in right hemithorax with erosion of ribs and moderate pleural effusion.

Challenges in endobronchial tuberculosis: from diagnosis to management.

Despite the rapid advancement in diagnostic and therapeutic modalities, endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB), defined as tuberculous infection of the tracheobronchial tree, continues to remain challenging for clinicians. Nonspecific respiratory symptoms along with normal chest radiograph in 10-20% of cases may be alleged for the diagnostic delay. Variable diagnostic yield with sputum microscopy might further compound the problem.

Medical education in India: current challenges and the way forward.

Medical education in India is suffering from various shortcomings at conceptual as well as implementation level. With the expansion in medical education, the doctor to patient ratio has increased but these numbers do not align well with the overall quality of medical care in the country. To address this issue, a comprehensive analysis of various associated factors is essential.

Medical marijuana: A panacea or scourge.

Marijuana (Cannabis sativa) has been used for recreational and medical purposes since ages. Marijuana smoking is an evil, which is on the rise with about 180.6 million active users worldwide.

Factors influencing early health facility contact and low default rate among new sputum smear positive tuberculosis patients, India.

Early case identification and prompt treatment of new sputum smear positive case are important to reduce the spread of tuberculosis (TB). Present study was planned to study the associated factors for duration to contact the health facility since appearance of symptoms and treatment default. Methodology.

Cytohistological correlation in diagnosis of lung tumors by using fiberoptic bronchoscopy: study of 200 cases.

Background: Examination of specimens obtained through flexible fiberoptic bronchoscope is an important and often the initial diagnostic technique performed in patients with suspected malignant lung lesion.

Aims: To evaluate the correlation of cytological findings of bronchial washings, bronchial brushing and imprint smear of bronchial biopsy in the diagnosis of lung tumors, with histopathology of bronchial biopsy taking the latter as the confirmatory diagnostic test.

Materials And Methods: A total of 200 patients with lung mass were included in the study.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis.

Pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) is a rare, chronic lung disease with bilateral intra-alveolar calcium and phosphate deposition throughout the lung parenchyma with predominance to lower and midzone. Although, etiology and pathogenesis of PAM is not fully understood, the mutation in SLC34A2 gene that encodes a sodium-phosphate co-transporter in alveolar type II cells resulting in the accumulation and forming of microliths rich in calcium phosphate (due to impaired clearance) are considered to be the cause of the disease. Chest radiograph and high-resolution CT of thorax are nearly pathognomonic for diagnosing PAM.

Mycoplasma pneumonia: Clinical features and management.

Mycoplasma pneumonia is a common respiratory pathogen that produces diseases of varied severity ranging from mild upper respiratory tract infection to severe atypical pneumonia. Apart from respiratory tract infections, this organism is also responsible for producing a wide spectrum of non-pulmonary manifestations including neurological, hepatic, cardiac diseases, hemolytic anemia, polyarthritis and erythema multiforme. This review focuses on molecular taxonomy, biological characteristics, epidemiology, clinical presentation, radiology and various laboratory tools in diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment and prevention of mycoplasma pneumonia.

Life threatening unilateral pulmonary oedema at moderate altitude.

A-23-year-old medical student, resident of an altitude of 700 meters, developed dyspnea and cough during a temple visit at an altitude of 2200 m within 10 hours of arrival and his symptoms improved on descending and with 100% oxygen. Chest skiagram and CT scan chest revealed soft fluffy shadows on the left side with small right lung and absent right pulmonary artery. Absent right pulmonary artery was responsible for development of pulmonary oedema at moderate altitude.

Endobronchial tuberculosis.

Endobronchial tuberculosis (EBTB) is defined as tuberculous infection of the tracheobronchial tree with microbial and histopathological evidence. It is seen in 10-40% of patients with active pulmonary tuberculosis. More than 90% of the patients with EBTB have some degree of bronchial stenosis.