The Outcome of Inferior Oblique Myectomy for Apparent Inferior Oblique Overaction Associated with Craniosynostosis.

Purpose: Strabismus in patients with craniosynostosis is common, but surgical correction of strabismus in these patients remains challenging. We report our findings in six patients (four of whom were Korean) with craniosynostosis who underwent strabismus surgery to specifically address V-pattern horizontal strabismus with moderate-to-severe inferior oblique (IO) overaction, using IO myectomy at a single tertiary hospital between 2005 and 2016.

Methods: We recorded preoperative characteristics including sex, age, type of strabismus, versions grading, refractive error, and visual acuity.

Efficacy of part-time patching in preventing recurrence after bilateral lateral rectus recession in children with intermittent exotropia.

Background: This study evaluate the efficacy of part-time patching in preventing recurrence after bilateral lateral rectus recession (BLR) in patients with intermittent exotropia (IXT).

Methods: A total of 190 children aged 3-13 years who experienced recurrence after BLR for IXT and received part-time patching were retrospectively reviewed. The patching was prescribed for 2 h per day for more than 6 months.

Neuro-Ophthalmic Adverse Events of COVID-19 Infection and Vaccines: A Nationwide Cohort Study.

Purpose: To evaluate the association of COVID-19 infection and vaccination with neuro-ophthalmic adverse events.

Methods: In this nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study, 8,498,353 patients were classified into three groups: control, COVID-19 infection, and COVID-19 vaccination. We conducted separate analyses for the early phase (within 60 days) and late phases (61-180 days) to estimate the incidence rates and hazard ratio (HR) for each neuro-ophthalmic adverse event.

Risk of central nervous system demyelinating attack or optic neuritis recurrence after pediatric optic neuritis in Korea.

Purpose: To investigate the rate of development of symptomatic central nervous system (CNS) demyelinating attacks or recurrent optic neuritis (ON) after the first episode of ON and its risk factors for Korean pediatric patients.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included the patients under 18 years of age (n=132) diagnosed with ON without previous or simultaneous CNS demyelinating diseases. We obtained the clinical data including the results of neuro-ophthalmological examinations, magnetic resonance images (MRIs), antibody assays, and laboratory tests.

Correlation between bilateral lateral rectus muscle recession and myopic progression in children with intermittent exotropia.

Although several studies have reported about the relationship between the surgical correction of intermittent exotropia and myopic progression, it remains unclear, unlike the relationship between esotropia and hyperopia. Thus, this retrospective case control study evaluated the impact of bilateral lateral rectus recession in intermittent exotropia on myopic progression. This study included 388 patients with intermittent exotropia.

A cross-sectional study of ophthalmologic examination findings in 5385 Koreans presenting with intermittent exotropia.

The Korean Intermittent Exotropia Multicenter Study (KIEMS) was a retrospective, cross-sectional and multicenter study for the investigation of intermittent exotropia involved 65 strabismus specialists from 53 institutions in Korea. Purpose of this study was to present ophthalmologic findings of intermittent exotropia from the KIEMS. Consecutive patients with intermittent exotropia of ≥ 8 prism diopters (PD) at distance or near fixation were included.

Factors Related to Axial Length Elongation in Myopic Children Who Received 0.05% Atropine Treatment.

To evaluate the longitudinal changes of axial length (AL) and factors associated with AL growth in myopic children receiving 0.05% atropine. This single-center retrospective study included children aged 4-13 years with myopia of at least -0.

Characteristics of Optic Neuritis in South Korean Children and Adolescents: A Retrospective Multicenter Study.

Purpose: To analyze the clinical characteristics and prognosis of optic neuritis (ON) in pediatric patients aged <19 years in South Korea.

Methods: This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 127 pediatric patients (median age: 10.3 (IQR: 7.

The importance of genome sequencing: unraveling variant missed by exome sequencing.

Background: Single-stranded DNA-binding protein 1 (SSBP1) plays an essential role in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) replication and maintenance, as well as development of retina. Here, we describe the clinical findings and genetic basis of a family with two members affected with bilateral optic atrophy.

Materials And Methods: Clinical data were retrospectively collected from an electronic medical record system.

M323V Syndrome Presents with Infantile Nystagmus.

Variants in the gene, one of the tubulin-encoding genes, are known to cause congenital fibrosis of the extraocular muscles type 3 and/or malformations of cortical development. Herein, we report a case of a 6-month-old infant with c.967A>G:p.

Comparison of surgical outcomes between lateral rectus recession and medial rectus advancement for postoperative consecutive exotropia.

To compare the surgical outcomes of medial rectus advancement and lateral rectus recession in postoperative consecutive exotropia with single-stage adjustable suture surgery.Among 1003 patients who underwent bilateral medial rectus recession between November 1996 and March 2013, the patients who required surgery for consecutive exotopia were retrospectively reviewed. Nineteen patients underwent medial rectus advancement and 15 patients underwent lateral rectus recession.

Accuracy of the Hand-held Wavefront Aberrometer in Measurement of Refractive Error.

Purpose: To compare refractive error measured by hand-held wavefront aberrometers with postcycloplegic autorefraction (AR) and cycloplegic refraction (CR).

Methods: The medical records of patients who received refractive measurements using the wavefront aberrometer, postcycloplegic AR, and CR between January 2014 and January 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The mean differences, 95% confidence intervals, and limits of agreement (LOA) were calculated for the refractive vector components (, , and ).

Copy number variations and multiallelic variants in Korean patients with Leber congenital amaurosis.

Purpose: We comprehensively evaluated the mutational spectrum of Leber congenital amaurosis (LCA) and investigated the molecular diagnostic rate and genotype-phenotype correlation in a Korean cohort.

Methods: This single-center retrospective case series included 50 Korean patients with LCA between June 2015 and March 2019. Molecular analysis was conducted using targeted panel-based next-generation sequencing, including deep intronic and regulatory variants or whole exome sequencing.

Risk factors associated with poor outcome after medial rectus resection for recurrent intermittent exotropia.

Purpose: To describe characteristics of recurrent intermittent exotropia after bilateral lateral rectus (BLR) recession, and identify factors associated with poor outcome after unilateral medial rectus (MR) resection for recurrent intermittent exotropia.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 124 patients who have undergone unilateral MR resection for recurrent intermittent exotropia after BLR recession. Patients were followed for at least 2 years after MR resection.

Targeted panel sequencing identifies a novel mutations in a patient with Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome.

: Nuclear hormone receptor gene, , plays a key role in brain and eye development. Bosch-Boonstra-Schaaf optic atrophy syndrome (BBSOAS, MIM #615772) is an autosomal dominant hereditary disorder caused by mutations in this gene. However, there have been few studies describing fundus and optical coherence tomography findings on BBSOAS.

Refractive Outcomes of 4-Year-old Children after Intravitreal Anti-vascular Endothelial Growth Factor versus Laser Photocoagulation for Retinopathy of Prematurity.

Purpose: To compare long-term refractive outcomes associated with intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) versus laser photocoagulation treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Methods: A total of 52 eyes from 27 ROP patients treated at two tertiary referral-based hospitals from August 2006 to December 2013 were reviewed. The primary outcome was refractive error measured at the age of 4 years, accounting for within-patient inter-eye correlation.

Vitreous hemorrhage and Rhegmatogenous retinal detachment that developed after botulinum toxin injection to the extraocular muscle: case report.

Background: The authors report a case of a rare complication that occurred after botulinum toxin injection to the extraocular muscle, which was easily overlooked and successfully corrected by surgery.

Case Presentation: A 34-year-old female patient visited our clinic for diplopia and ocular motility disorder after removal of an epidermoid tumor of the brain. At her initial visit, her best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) was 20/20 for both eyes.

Accuracy of Next-Generation Sequencing for Molecular Diagnosis in Patients With Infantile Nystagmus Syndrome.

Importance: Infantile nystagmus syndrome (INS) is a group of disorders presenting with genetic and clinical heterogeneities that have challenged the genetic and clinical diagnoses of INS. Precise molecular diagnosis in early infancy may result in more accurate genetic counseling and improved patient management.

Objective: To assess the accuracy of genomic data from next-generation sequencing (NGS) and phenotypic data to enhance the definitive diagnosis of INS.

Protective effects of biodegradable collagen implants on thinned sclera after strabismus surgery: a paired-eye study.

Purpose: To determine the efficacy of a biodegradable Ologen (Aeon Astron Europe BV, Leiden, The Netherlands) collagen matrix in reducing the blue color change due to exposed thinned sclera after strabismus surgery.

Methods: Fourteen patients with intermittent exotropia undergoing symmetric bilateral lateral rectus recession surgery were included in this prospective, randomized, paired-eye controlled study. In each patient, Ologen was implanted at the original rectus insertion site in one randomly selected eye; the other eye underwent conventional surgery.

Retinal microstructures are altered in patients with idiopathic infantile nystagmus.

Purpose: To compare segmented retinal layer thicknesses between patients with idiopathic infantile nystagmus (IIN) and controls.

Methods: This retrospective case-control study included 66 patients with IIN and 66 age-matched controls. The retinal layers were examined using spectral domain optical coherence tomography with autosegmentation.