Genetic Variants and Alteration in Transcription Factor 7-Like 2 (TCF7L2) mRNA Level in Ischemic Stroke Patients Among Bengali and Gujarati Population from India.

Diabetes and Hyperlipidemia are major risk factors for stroke across the world population. TCF7L2, a key regulator of the WNT signaling pathway shows genetic association with these metabolic disorders in ethnicity dependant manner. However, its role in stroke pathogenesis (if any) is not well characterized.

Phytobacter sp. RSE02 is a rice seed endophytic plant probiotic bacterium with human probiotic features and cholesterol-lowering ability.

Research on seed microbiota has gained significant attention due to its role as a primary inoculum that enhances seedling growth, fitness, and productivity. This study explores the characteristics of the plant-probiotic seed-endophyte Phytobacter sp. RSE02, which demonstrates distinctive beneficial probiotic features in animal models.

Pyruvate plus uridine augments mitochondrial respiration and prevents cardiac hypertrophy in zebrafish and H9c2 cells.

Dysfunction of mitochondrial pyruvate oxidation and aberrant respiratory chain components are common in cardiac defects. However, the precise role of mitochondrial respiration in cardiomyocyte hypertrophy is unclear. Phenylephrine (PE) treatment of rat neonatal H9c2 cardiomyocytes promotes significant hypertrophy with decreased mitochondrial oxygen consumption rate (OCR), membrane potential, respiratory subunit NDUFB8, UQCRC2 and ATP5A (ATP5F1A) expression, and accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

Clinical Implication of Time of Ischaemic Stroke Among Post-Stroke Survivors from Eastern India: A Circadian Perspective.

The circadian variation in stroke occurrence is a well-documented phenomenon. However, the circadian effect on stroke outcome, particularly on post-stroke cognition, has not yet been fully elucidated. We aim to evaluate the influence of diurnal variation of stroke onset upon post-stroke cognition and development of post-stroke depression.

Epigenetic Cross-Talk Between Sirt1 and Dnmt1 Promotes Axonal Regeneration After Spinal Cord Injury in Zebrafish.

Though spinal cord injury (SCI) causes irreversible sensory and motor impairments in human, adult zebrafish retain the potent regenerative capacity by injury-induced proliferation of central nervous system (CNS)-resident progenitor cells to develop new functional neurons at the lesion site. The hallmark of SCI in zebrafish lies in a series of changes in the epigenetic landscape, specifically DNA methylation and histone modifications. Decoding the post-SCI epigenetic modifications is therefore critical for the development of therapeutic remedies that boost SCI recovery process.

Fruit ripening retardant Daminozide induces cognitive impairment, cell specific neurotoxicity, and genotoxicity in Drosophila melanogaster.

Background: We explored neurotoxic and genotoxic effects of Daminozide, a fruit ripening retardant, on the brain of Drosophila melanogaster, based on our previous finding of DNA fragmentation in larval brain cell in the flies experimentally exposed to this chemicals.

Methods: Adult flies were subjected to two distinct concentrations of daminozide (200 mg/L and 400 mg/L) mixed in culture medium, followed by an examination of specific behaviors such as courtship conditioning and aversive phototaxis, which serve as indicators of cognitive functions. We investigated brain histology and histochemistry to assess the overall toxicity of daminozide, focusing on neuron type-specific effects.

Arg4810Lys mutation in RNF213 among Eastern Indian non-MMD ischemic stroke patients: a genotype-phenotype correlation.

Introduction: RNF213 mutations have been reported mostly in moyamoya disease (MMD) with varying frequencies across different ethnicities. However, its prevalence in non-MMD adult-onset ischemic stroke is still not well explored.

Aims And Objectives: This present study thus aims to screen the most common RNF213 variant (Arg4810Lys, among East Asians) in the Eastern Indian non-MMD ischemic stroke patients and correlate it with long-term progression and prognosis of the patients.

Regenerative Potential of Injured Spinal Cord in the Light of Epigenetic Regulation and Modulation.

A spinal cord injury is a form of physical harm imposed on the spinal cord that causes disability and, in many cases, leads to permanent mammalian paralysis, which causes a disastrous global issue. Because of its non-regenerative aspect, restoring the spinal cord's role remains one of the most daunting tasks. By comparison, the remarkable regenerative ability of some regeneration-competent species, such as some Urodeles (Axolotl), , and some teleost fishes, enables maximum functional recovery, even after complete spinal cord transection.

Celsr family genes are dynamically expressed in embryonic and juvenile zebrafish.

The Cadherin EGF LAG seven-pass G-type receptor (Celsr) family belongs to the adhesion G-protein coupled receptor superfamily. In most vertebrates, the Celsr family has three members (CELSR1-3), whereas zebrafish display four paralogues (celsr1a, 1b, 2, 3). Although studies have shown the importance of the Celsr family in planar cell polarity, axonal guidance, and dendritic growth, the molecular mechanisms of the Celsr family regulating these cellular processes in vertebrates remain elusive.

An insight on established retinal injury mechanisms and prevalent retinal stem cell activation pathways in vertebrate models.

Implementing different tools and injury mechanisms in multiple animal models of retina regeneration, researchers have discovered the existence of retinal stem/progenitor cells. Although they appear to be distributed uniformly across the vertebrate lineage, the reparative potential of the retina is mainly restricted to lower vertebrates. Regenerative repair post-injury requires the creation of a proliferative niche, vital for proper stem cell activation, propagation, and lineage differentiation.

Decoding the proregenerative competence of regulatory T cells through complex tissue regeneration in zebrafish.

Regulatory T cells (T ) are specific subtype of T cells that play a central role in sustaining self-antigen tolerance and restricting inflammatory tissue damage. More recently, additional direct functions of T in mammalian tissue repair have emerged, but the regenerative potential of T in non-mammalian vertebrates has not been explored despite the latter possessing a highly developed adaptive immune system. Why complex organs such as the caudal fin, heart, brain, spinal cord and retina regenerate in certain non-mammalian vertebrates, but not in mammals, is an interesting but unresolved question in the field of regenerative biology.

The loss of regeneration competency in the animal kingdom at the expense of immunity: A journey in retrospect.

Regeneration refers to the structural growth of damaged organs or tissues and their functional integration into the existing system. Injury induced regenerative response is extremely variable across the animal kingdom. On one hand the early acoelomates can reform the entire animal even from dissociated cells, on the other; the capacity in humans is mostly restricted to wound healing.

Neural cells and their progenitors in regenerating zebrafish spinal cord.

The zebrafish (Danio rerio), among all amniotes is emerging as a powerful model to study vertebrate organogenesis and regeneration. In contrast to mammals, the adult zebrafish is capable of regenerating damaged axonal tracts; it can replace neurons and glia lost after spinal cord injury (SCI) and functionally recover. In the present paper, we report ultrastructural and cell biological analyses of regeneration processes after SCI.

Axonal regeneration in zebrafish spinal cord.

In the present review we discuss two interrelated events-axonal damage and repair-known to occur after spinal cord injury (SCI) in the zebrafish. Adult zebrafish are capable of regenerating axonal tracts and can restore full functionality after SCI. Unlike fish, axon regeneration in the adult mammalian central nervous system is extremely limited.

Regeneration of Zebrafish CNS: Adult Neurogenesis.

Regeneration in the animal kingdom is one of the most fascinating problems that have allowed scientists to address many issues of fundamental importance in basic biology. However, we came to know that the regenerative capability may vary across different species. Among vertebrates, fish and amphibians are capable of regenerating a variety of complex organs through epimorphosis.

Characterization of Proliferating Neural Progenitors after Spinal Cord Injury in Adult Zebrafish.

Zebrafish can repair their injured brain and spinal cord after injury unlike adult mammalian central nervous system. Any injury to zebrafish spinal cord would lead to increased proliferation and neurogenesis. There are presences of proliferating progenitors from which both neuronal and glial loss can be reversed by appropriately generating new neurons and glia.

Genome wide expression profiling during spinal cord regeneration identifies comprehensive cellular responses in zebrafish.

Background: Among the vertebrates, teleost and urodele amphibians are capable of regenerating their central nervous system. We have used zebrafish as a model to study spinal cord injury and regeneration. Relatively little is known about the molecular mechanisms underlying spinal cord regeneration and information based on high density oligonucleotide microarray was not available.

Expression pattern of Nogo-A, MAG, and NgR in regenerating urodele spinal cord.

Background: The mammalian central nervous system is incapable of substantial axon regeneration after injury partially due to the presence of myelin-associated inhibitory molecules including Nogo-A and myelin associated glycoprotein (MAG). In contrast, axolotl salamanders are capable of considerable axon regrowth during spinal cord regeneration.

Results: Here, we show that Nogo-A and MAG, and their receptor, Nogo receptor (NgR), are present in the axolotl genome and are broadly expressed in the central nervous system (CNS) during development, adulthood, and importantly, during regeneration.

Cellular response after crush injury in adult zebrafish spinal cord.

Zebrafish proves to be an excellent model system to study spinal cord regeneration because it can repair its disengaged axons and replace lost cells after injury, allowing the animal to make functional recovery. We have characterized injury response following crush injury, which is comparable to the mammalian mode of injury. Infiltrations of blood cells during early phases involve macrophages that are important in debris clearance and probably in suppression of inflammatory response.