The role of microbiome in gastrointestinal cancer.

The human microbiome consists of the diverse microorganisms with their equally diverse functional abilities that have evolved over millions of years with humans. This microbiome creates a mutually beneficial symbiotic relationship with their host. Through their varied functions, the human gut microbiota is crucial for preserving health and homeostasis.

Influence of gut microbiota on systemic immune responses and cancer immunotherapy.

The gut microbiota is increasingly being recognized as a key player in the onset and progression of several human diseases, including malignancies. Recent research has shed light on the complex relationships between the gut microbiome and the effectiveness of cancer immunotherapy. Gaining a thorough understanding of how the gut microbiota influences immune responses during cancer treatments is critical for medical advancements.

The incidence of severe complications in liver donation from living donors: Real-world data in the era of minimally invasive surgery.

Although living liver donor safety is a fundamental principle in living donor liver transplantation, the details of severe complications that require re-operation or intensive care are not well understood. Therefore, in this study, we summarize those events in liver donation and investigate the difference in complication rates between the open and laparoscopic/robotic approaches in the era of minimally invasive surgery (MIS). We collected the case report forms of donor Clavien-Dindo grade IIIb, IV, and V complications between January 2013 and December 2022 from 16 institutions in the Vanguard Multicenter Study of the International Living Donor Liver Transplantation Group.

First Series of Living Donor Liver Retransplants From India: Challenges and Outcomes.

Background: There is a paucity of Indian data on long-term survival after living donor liver transplant (LDLT) or the need for retransplant (re-LT). In this article, we report the first series of retransplants from India with focus on indications, technical challenges and results.

Methods: A retrospective study on 29 patients undergoing a liver retransplant (re-LT) was analysed with respect to survival outcomes and postoperative complications.

Role of Locoregional Therapy on Survival After Living Donor Liver Transplantation for Hepatocellular Carcinoma--Experience from a High-volume Center.

Background: Locoregional therapy (LRT) in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) before liver transplantation (LT) has a role in improving the tumor biology and post-LT survival outcome apart from downstaging and bridging. We retrospectively analyzed our database of adult living donor liver transplants (LDLT) for HCC, to compare the survival outcomes in Group-1 (upfront-LT, HCC within Milan/UCSF/AFP<1000 ng/ml) and Group-2 (LT post-LRT, HCC beyond UCSF/irrespective of tumor burden with AFP>1000 ng/ml). We also explored the risk factors for recurrence on follow-up.

Liver Explantation in Difficult Scenarios.

Recipient hepatectomy is considered as the most difficult part of a liver transplant operation. This article describes techniques to deal with scenarios like massive caudate lobe, a recipient with a transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) shunt , a recipient with hepatocellular carcinoma, acute liver failure and a history of previous abdominal surgery.

International multicenter study of ultralow graft-to-recipient weight ratio grafts in adult living donor liver transplantation.

Decreasing the graft size in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) increases the risk of early allograft dysfunction. Graft-to-recipient weight ratio (GRWR) of 0.8 is considered the threshold.

The Effect of Varied Time Interval and Micro-Current (Direct) on the Level of Biomarker (IL-6) and Rate of Tooth Movement: An Animal Study.

Introduction: Exogenous application of direct current (DC) on piezoelectric biopolymers results in biochemical modifications in the intracellular/extracellular regions which profoundly affects the pace of bone turnover. A qualitative examination of DC (waveform and frequency) provides ideal qualities of current.

Material And Method: 20 female Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) were randomly selected and divided into control (group 1-4 rats) with orthodontic appliance (OA) and experimental groups (OA + Micro-current (MC).

Moringin, an isothiocyanate modulates multiple cellular signalling molecules in breast cancer cells.

Prohibitin (PHB) is a pleiotropic molecule with a variety of known functions and subcellular locations. PHB's function in breast cancer is poorly understood. Herein, we report that PHB is expressed in cancer types of diverse origin including breast cancer.

Evaluation of Efficacy of Curcumin and Caffeic Acid Phenethyl Ester in Breast Cancer by Preclinical Studies.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate the combined and comparative efficacy of Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) and curcumin in breast cancer.

Background: CAPE and curcumin are a class of phenolics. While curcumin is obtained from turmeric, CAPE is found in and .

2023 Update of Indian National Association for Study of the Liver Consensus on Management of Intermediate and Advanced Hepatocellular Carcinoma: The Puri III Recommendations.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) presents significant treatment challenges despite considerable advancements in its management. The Indian National Association for the Study of the Liver (INASL) first published its guidelines to aid healthcare professionals in the diagnosis and treatment of HCC in 2014. These guidelines were subsequently updated in 2019.

Next generation sequencing uncovers multiple miRNAs associated molecular targets in gallbladder cancer patients.

Gallbladder cancer (GBC) is a lethal disease with surgical resection as the only curative treatment. However, many patients are ineligible for surgery, and current adjuvant treatments exhibit limited effectiveness. Next-generation sequencing has improved our understanding of molecular pathways in cancer, sparking interest in microRNA-based gene regulation.

Management of Established Small-for-size Syndrome in Post Living Donor Liver Transplantation: Medical, Radiological, and Surgical Interventions: Guidelines From the ILTS-iLDLT-LTSI Consensus Conference.

Small-for-size syndrome (SFSS) following living donor liver transplantation is a complication that can lead to devastating outcomes such as prolonged poor graft function and possibly graft loss. Because of the concern about the syndrome, some transplants of mismatched grafts may not be performed. Portal hyperperfusion of a small graft and hyperdynamic splanchnic circulation are recognized as main pathogenic factors for the syndrome.

A colorimetric and 'OFF-ON' fluorometric chemosensor based on a rhodamine-pyrazole derivative for the detection of Al, Feand Crmetal ions, and its intracellular application.

The colorimetric and fluorescence responses of a new rhodamine-functionalized probe ()-2-(((5-chloro-3-methyl-1-phenyl-1-pyrazol-4-yl)methylene)amino)-3',6'-bis(diethylamino)spiro[isoindoline-1,9'-xanthen]-3-one (RMP) are investigated. RMP has been thoroughly characterized using various spectroscopic tools and single crystal X-ray diffraction. Among different competing cations, it shows highly sensitive colorimetric and "OFF-ON" fluorescence responses towards Al, Feand Crmetal ions.

L.f. leaf extract exhibits activities against breast cancer and prolongs the survival of tumor-bearing mice.

L.f. has been commonly used in various traditional medicines from ancient times.

Neuroblastoma: Emerging trends in pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic targets.

Neuroblastoma (NB) accounts for about 13% of all pediatric cancer mortality and is the leading cause of pediatric cancer death for children aged 1 to 5 years. NB, a developmental malignancy of neural ganglia, originates from neural crest-derived cells, which undergo a defective sympathetic neuronal differentiation due to genomic and epigenetic aberrations. NB is a complex disease with remarkable biological and genetic variation and clinical heterogeneity, such as spontaneous regression, treatment resistance, and poor survival rates.

Association of altered metabolic profiles and long non-coding RNAs expression with disease severity in breast cancer patients: analysis by H NMR spectroscopy and RT-q-PCR.

Introduction: Globally, one of the major causes of cancer related deaths in women is breast cancer. Although metabolic pattern is altered in cancer patients, robust metabolic biomarkers with a potential to improve the screening and disease monitoring are lacking. A complete metabolome profiling of breast cancer patients may lead to the identification of diagnostic/prognostic markers and potential targets.

Portal vein fenestration: a case report of an unusual portal vein developmental anomaly.

Portal vein anatomic variations are common in living donor liver transplantation. Portal vein fenestration, in which a segment of a vessel divides into at least two channels that reunite into a single distal lumen, has not yet been reported in the literature. Failure to identify this anomaly can lead to catastrophic events in donor liver hepatectomy.

Therapeutic potential of low dose ionizing radiation against cancer, dementia, and diabetes: evidences from epidemiological, clinical, and preclinical studies.

The growing use of ionizing radiation (IR)-based diagnostic and treatment methods has been linked to increasing chronic diseases among patients and healthcare professionals. However, multiple factors such as IR dose, dose-rate, and duration of exposure influence the IR-induced chronic effects. The predicted links between low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR) and health risks are controversial due to the non-availability of direct human studies.

Reprogramming of glycolysis by chemical carcinogens during tumor development.

Indiscriminate usage and mismanagement of chemicals in the agricultural and industrial sectors have contaminated different environmental compartments. Exposure to these persistent and hazardous pollutants like heavy metals, endocrine disruptors, aromatic hydrocarbons, and pesticides can result in various health adversities, including cancer. Chemical carcinogens follow a similar pattern of carcinogenesis, like oxidative stress, chromosomal aberration, DNA double-strand break, mismatch repair, and misregulation of oncogenic and/or tumor suppressors.