Challenges in Diagnosing Diaphyseal Osteosarcoma - Importance of Strong Clinical Suspicion and Biopsy Technique: An Illustrative Case Report.

Introduction: Osteosarcoma is the most common primary malignant bone tumor in adolescents, typically affecting the metaphyseal region of long bones. Diaphyseal osteosarcoma is rare and often mimics benign conditions such as osteomyelitis, leading to diagnostic delays.

Case Report: A 17-year-old boy presented with progressive left thigh pain and swelling for 3 months.

Fatal Eucalyptus Oil Poisoning in an Adult Male: A Case Report With Comprehensive Autopsy and Histopathological Findings.

Eucalyptus oil is a widely available essential oil with therapeutic applications, but its toxic effects following ingestion are significant. We report a fatal case of eucalyptus oil poisoning in an adult male who mistakenly ingested 15 mL of eucalyptus oil stored in a cough syrup container. The patient developed generalized tonic-clonic seizures within minutes, followed by unresponsiveness and respiratory depression.

Tenosynovial Giant Cell Tumor Involving Quadriceps Muscle - A Case Report of Two Cases.

Introduction: Tenosynovial giant cell tumors (TS-GCTs) are benign soft-tissue tumors that arise from the synovium of joints, bursae, and tendon sheath. They are classified into two major forms - localized and diffuse types with varied clinical presentation and treatment protocol.

Case Report: A 38-year-old gentleman presented with complaints of left thigh swelling and pain since 18 months.

Clinicopathological Analysis and Its Correlation With Various Classes of Lupus Nephritis.

Background and objectives Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a complex autoimmune disorder characterized by chronic immune complex deposition and involvement of multiple organ systems. Among individuals with SLE, a greater percentage are at a higher risk of developing lupus nephritis (LN). Renal biopsies play a pivotal role in diagnosing, managing, and predicting the prognosis of LN.

The Effectiveness of the Pitstop Method of Teaching Among Phase II Medical Students.

Background and objectives The pitstop method of teaching involves short educational videos that entail a stepwise approach to augment knowledge retention and understanding. Short videos stimulate both visual and auditory pathways, thereby improving learner's experiences, knowledge retention, and understanding of the concept, which will help with long-term memory. In this study, we aimed to compare the pitstop method of teaching with the didactic lecture technique based on assessment and feedback.

A Clinicopathological Analysis of Membranous Nephropathy and Its Correlation With the Immunohistochemical Expression of Phospholipase A2 Receptor (PLA2R) in Renal Biopsies in a Tertiary Care Center.

Background  Membranous nephropathy (MN) is the second most common adult-onset nephrotic syndrome worldwide. Traditionally, these were classified as primary and secondary, with primary causes showing higher positivity for various antigens, including M-type phospholipase A2 receptor (PLA2R), a key antigen located in the podocyte against which antibodies are directed. Aim The aim of this study is to analyze the cases diagnosed as MN with clinicopathological parameters and PLA2R positivity by immunohistochemistry in renal biopsies.

A Trespasser in Lymph Node: A Case Report.

Cryptococcal meningitis is a prevalent, opportunistic fungal disease seen in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected individuals. A lymph node is an unusual presentation site for and can mimic tuberculosis. Disseminated cryptococcosis is a life-threatening disease that is seen commonly in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Uncommon Histopathological Subtypes and Variants of Cervical Carcinoma Diagnosed at a Tertiary Care Centre: A Case Series.

Introduction Cervical cancer ranks among the top gynaecological cancers worldwide. It is linked to lower socioeconomic status and high human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence. This is a series of six cervical carcinoma cases analysed from 2021 to 2023 at our tertiary care centre to identify rare subtypes of cervical carcinoma.

Avascular Necrosis of Proximal Tibia Associated with Pathological Fracture - A Rare Entity - A Case Report.

Introduction: Epiphyseal infarcts are likely to be treated early because most are symptomatic. However, metaphyseal and diaphyseal infarcts are silent and are diagnosed incidentally. Sarcomas developing in the necrotic bone are extremely rare, but they have been reported in literature.

The Pulsing Paradox: Successful Steroid Therapy in Infection-Related Glomerulonephritis.

The patterns of infection-related glomerulonephritis (IRGN) are rapidly changing in terms of age at presentation and sources of infection. The existing literature on the use of steroids in IRGN is inconsistent. A diabetic male in his sixties presented with features of anasarca, bilateral flank pain, and acute pulmonary edema.

INSM1 expression in neuroendocrine tumors in a tertiary care hospital.

Aim: Neuroendocrine tumors are heterogenous group of neoplasms that includes benign and malignant tumors that originate from neuroendocrine or nonneuroendocrine organs. Insulinoma-associated protein 1 (INSM1) is a zinc finger transcription factor originally isolated from subtraction library of human insulinoma. The main aim was to study the INSM1 expression in a spectrum of neuroendocrine tumors and a limited spectrum of nonneuroendocrine tumors.

Characterizing colon cancer stages through optical polarimetry-assisted digital staining.

Tissue polarimetry has been gaining importance in extracting useful diagnostic information from the structural attributes of tissues, which vary in response to the tissue health status and hence find great potential in cancer diagnosis. However, the complexities associated with cancer make it challenging to isolate the characteristic changes as the tumor progresses using polarimetry. This study attempts to experimentally characterize the polarimetric behavior in colon cancer associated with various stages of development.

Expression of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) in Colorectal Adenoma and Carcinoma in a Tertiary Care Center.

Introduction:  Colorectal cancer is one of the malignancies in which angiogenesis has been implicated and its importance at different stages of malignant disease. Neovascularization begins when the angiogenic switch is turned on and when angiogenesis activators outweigh angiogenic inhibitors. The process of blood vessel formation is regulated through several growth factor systems.

Analysis of Clinicopathological Characteristics and Its Correlation With the Prognosis of Pediatric Lupus Nephritis: A Tertiary Care Center Experience.

Aim To study the various pathological patterns of pediatric lupus nephritis (LN) by renal biopsies and to correlate the histopathological data with the clinical and biochemical outcomes. Methods This is a retrospective study in children between 1 month and 18 years of age with renal biopsy-proven lupus nephritis, conducted between January 2015 and December 2019. Various pathological and clinical parameters were compared between the groups with lupus nephritis activity and those without activity.

A Spectrum of Biopsy - Proven Renal Disorders and Their Clinicopathological Correlation in Elderly Population From a Tertiary Care Center in South India.

Introduction Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has become a health concern with an extensive burden on incidence and prognosis. While the increasing lifespan contributes to a higher incidence of CKD among the elderly, the diagnostic picture in this age group is complicated by senescence-related changes. A better understanding of the etiology and progression of the disease warrants renal biopsy in such patients.

Histopathological correlations of bulk tissue polarimetric images: Case study.

Polarimetric imaging and image analysis have gained increased interest in soft tissue analysis at the cellular level. However, polarimetric imaging has widely been tested on thin tissue sections to provide reliable information correlated with histopathological findings. Polarimetric bulk tissue analysis always offered an overall assessment of various tissue optical properties for diagnosis.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the penis: a case report.

Primary leiomyosarcoma of the penis is a very rare tumour. Only 46 cases have been reported in the English medical literature. We are presenting this case of a 59-year-old patient with a ulceroproliferative growth in his penis.