Machine learning-based meta-analysis reveals gut microbiome alterations associated with Parkinson's disease.

There is strong interest in using the gut microbiome for Parkinson's disease (PD) diagnosis and treatment. However, a consensus on PD-associated microbiome features and a multi-study assessment of their diagnostic value is lacking. Here, we present a machine learning meta-analysis of PD microbiome studies of unprecedented scale (4489 samples).

A prebiotic dietary pilot intervention restores faecal metabolites and may be neuroprotective in Parkinson's Disease.

Current treatment of Parkinson's Disease (PD) remains symptomatic, and disease-modifying approaches are urgently required. A promising approach is to modify intestinal microbiota and key metabolites of bacterial fermentation: short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), which are decreased in PD. A prospective, controlled pilot study (DRKS00034528) was conducted on 11 couples (PD patient plus healthy spouse as control (CO)).

Macrophage Activation Syndrome in Kawasaki Disease: Insights from a Systematic Literature Review on Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatment.

Background: Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a hyperinflammatory and potentially fatal complication associated with rheumatologic disorders. In Kawasaki disease (KD), MAS is a rare and poorly described condition, making its differentiation from a severe, treatment-resistant presentation of KD particularly challenging.

Objective: We aimed to describe MAS in KD by analyzing its epidemiological, clinical, and laboratory characteristics, complications, therapeutic strategies, and outcomes.

Temporal dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 shedding in feces and saliva: a longitudinal study in Norfolk, United Kingdom during the 2021-2022 COVID-19 waves.

Unlabelled: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) was originally described as a respiratory illness; however, it is now known that the infection can spread to the gastrointestinal tract, leading to shedding in feces potentially being a source of infection through wastewater. We aimed to assess the prevalence and persistence of SARS-CoV-2 in fecal and saliva samples for up to 7 weeks post-detection in a cohort of 98 participants from Norfolk, United Kingdom using RT-qPCR. Secondary goals included sequencing the viral isolates present in fecal samples and comparing the genetic sequence with isolates in the saliva of the same participant.

The nisin O cluster: species dissemination, candidate leader peptide proteases and the role of regulatory systems.

Nisin O is an antimicrobial peptide encoded by the human gut bacterium A2-162 which has antimicrobial activity against clinically relevant organisms. The nisin O biosynthetic gene cluster (BGC) varies from other nisin BGCs as it lacks a leader-peptide cleaving protease and contains two bacterial two-component response regulator-histidine kinase (RK) systems. The dissemination of the nisin O cluster, the final proteolytic biosynthesis step and the regulation of nisin O are currently unknown and are the foci of this study.

Autoimmune Hemolytic Anemia (AIHA) Secondary to (CMV) Infection in a 2-Month-Old Infant: A Case Report.

Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) is a rare hematologic disorder in the pediatric population and most cases are associated with microbiological infection. The pathological process is not completely clear, but some evidence suggests immunological dysregulation triggered by bacterial or viral infections. Based on the thermal range of the pathogenic antibody, AIHA can be divided into warm (WAIHA) and cold (CAIHA) groups.

Fecal microbiota transfer between young and aged mice reverses hallmarks of the aging gut, eye, and brain.

Background: Altered intestinal microbiota composition in later life is associated with inflammaging, declining tissue function, and increased susceptibility to age-associated chronic diseases, including neurodegenerative dementias. Here, we tested the hypothesis that manipulating the intestinal microbiota influences the development of major comorbidities associated with aging and, in particular, inflammation affecting the brain and retina.

Methods: Using fecal microbiota transplantation, we exchanged the intestinal microbiota of young (3 months), old (18 months), and aged (24 months) mice.

Hypophosphataemia is common in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage.

Introduction: Hypophosphataemia is common in critically ill patients, but neither its prevalence nor its association with outcome have been investigated specifically in patients with aneurysmal subarachnoid haemorrhage (aSAH).

Methods: Patients with aSAH and at least one phosphate measurement were included from two independent cohorts; an American cohort extracted from two open-access databases (Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care-III and eICU Collaborative Research Database v. 2.

Insights into the Cultured Bacterial Fraction of Corals.

Bacteria associated with coral hosts are diverse and abundant, with recent studies suggesting involvement of these symbionts in host resilience to anthropogenic stress. Despite their putative importance, the work dedicated to culturing coral-associated bacteria has received little attention. Combining published and unpublished data, here we report a comprehensive overview of the diversity and function of culturable bacteria isolated from corals originating from tropical, temperate, and cold-water habitats.

Meta-analysis of the Parkinson's disease gut microbiome suggests alterations linked to intestinal inflammation.

The gut microbiota is emerging as an important modulator of neurodegenerative diseases, and accumulating evidence has linked gut microbes to Parkinson's disease (PD) symptomatology and pathophysiology. PD is often preceded by gastrointestinal symptoms and alterations of the enteric nervous system accompany the disease. Several studies have analyzed the gut microbiome in PD, but a consensus on the features of the PD-specific microbiota is missing.

Association Between ICU-Acquired Hypernatremia and In-Hospital Mortality: Data From the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III and the Electronic ICU Collaborative Research Database.

Objectives: Describe the relationship between ICU-acquired hypernatremia and in-hospital mortality and investigate the optimal hypernatremia correction rate.

Design Setting Participants And Measurements: Observational study including two individual ICU cohorts. We used the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care III v.

Prediction of Septic Shock Onset in ICU by Instantaneous Monitoring of Vital Signs.

Septic Shock is a critical pathological state that affects patients entering the intensive care unit (ICU). Many studies have been directed to characterize and predict the onset of the septic shock, both in ICU and in the Emergency Department employing data extracted from the Electronic Health Records. Recently, machine learning algorithms have been successfully employed to help characterize septic shock in a more objective and automatic fashion.

Microwave based regenerating permeable reactive barriers (MW-PRBs): Proof of concept and application for Cs removal.

The present study evaluates the concept of permeable reactive barrier (PRB) coupled with microwaves (MWs) as in situ-regenerating technology with focus on Cs-contaminated water. Experimental and modelling results data from batch and column tests were carried out, evaluating several chemical-physical and environmental parameters. Main results showed a very rapid increase in GAC temperature during MW irradiation up to ∼680 °C.

Field technical applicability and cost analysis for microwave based regenerating permeable reactive barriers (MW-PRBs) operating in Cs-contaminated groundwater treatment.

The present study tests the potentiality of a novel microwave based regenerating permeable reactive barrier (MW-PRB) system as combined treatment for Cs-contaminated groundwater. Granular activated carbon (GAC) was selected as adsorptive materials in batch and column MW-regeneration experiments. Experimental and modeling data were elaborated for technical and economic considerations in order to assess the MW-PRB feasibility jointly with essential information regarding its real field applicability.

Functional diversity enables multiple symbiont strains to coexist in deep-sea mussels.

Genetic diversity of closely related free-living microorganisms is widespread and underpins ecosystem functioning, but most evolutionary theories predict that it destabilizes intimate mutualisms. Accordingly, strain diversity is assumed to be highly restricted in intracellular bacteria associated with animals. Here, we sequenced metagenomes and metatranscriptomes of 18 Bathymodiolus mussel individuals from four species, covering their known distribution range at deep-sea hydrothermal vents in the Atlantic.

Scientific communication strategies of microbiologists in the era of social media.

Over the last decades, the world of communication underwent drastic changes, and internet and social media emerged as essential vehicles for exchanging information. Following these trends, it is important that scientists adapt to changes and adopt optimal strategies to communicate with colleagues, lay people and institutions. We conducted an online survey to investigate the communication strategies of microbiologists and their colleagues from other disciplines.

Extending the "One Strain Many Compounds" (OSMAC) Principle to Marine Microorganisms.

Genomic data often highlights an inconsistency between the number of gene clusters identified using bioinformatic approaches as potentially producing secondary metabolites and the actual number of chemically characterized secondary metabolites produced by any given microorganism. Such gene clusters are generally considered as "silent", meaning that they are not expressed under laboratory conditions. Triggering expression of these "silent" clusters could result in unlocking the chemical diversity they control, allowing the discovery of novel molecules of both medical and biotechnological interest.

Characterization of the First " Nitrotoga" Isolate Reveals Metabolic Versatility and Separate Evolution of Widespread Nitrite-Oxidizing Bacteria.

Nitrification is a key process of the biogeochemical nitrogen cycle and of biological wastewater treatment. The second step, nitrite oxidation to nitrate, is catalyzed by phylogenetically diverse, chemolithoautotrophic nitrite-oxidizing bacteria (NOB). Uncultured NOB from the genus " Nitrotoga" are widespread in natural and engineered ecosystems.

Ecology and Biotechnological Potential of Bacteria Belonging to the Genus Pseudovibrio.

Members of the genus have been isolated worldwide from a great variety of marine sources as both free-living and host-associated bacteria. So far, the available data depict a group of alphaproteobacteria characterized by a versatile metabolism, which allows them to use a variety of substrates to meet their carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, and phosphorous requirements. Additionally, -related bacteria have been shown to proliferate under extreme oligotrophic conditions, tolerate high heavy-metal concentrations, and metabolize potentially toxic compounds.

Identification of Secondary Metabolite Gene Clusters in the Genus Reveals Encouraging Biosynthetic Potential toward the Production of Novel Bioactive Compounds.

Increased incidences of antimicrobial resistance and the emergence of pan-resistant 'superbugs' have provoked an extreme sense of urgency amongst researchers focusing on the discovery of potentially novel antimicrobial compounds. A strategic shift in focus from the terrestrial to the marine environment has resulted in the discovery of a wide variety of structurally and functionally diverse bioactive compounds from numerous marine sources, including sponges. Bacteria found in close association with sponges and other marine invertebrates have recently gained much attention as potential sources of many of these novel bioactive compounds.

Application of a γRS index-based method and techno-economic analysis for in situ treatment of Cs-contaminated soils by cement-barite based stabilisation/solidification.

This paper examines the application of cement (C)-barite (Ba) based-Stabilisation/Solidification (S/S) for the remediation of Cs-contaminated soils, investigating the influence of soil: grout and C: Ba ratios on the shielding performance of the S/S mix assessed as gamma radiation shielding (γRS) index variation. Results from experiments were used to perform a novel approach and an economic analysis in order to calculate the effective dose reduction achievable by S/S and to assess the optimum quantities and costs of selected mixes, respectively. Gamma ray spectrometer measurements indicate that γRS index increases with increasing barite percentage up to a maximum level of 50%; however a further increase results in a worsening of the shielding performances.

Phosphate Limitation Triggers the Dissolution of Precipitated Iron by the Marine Bacterium sp. FO-BEG1.

Phosphorus is an essential nutrient for all living organisms. In bacteria, the preferential phosphorus source is phosphate, which is often a limiting macronutrient in many areas of the ocean. The geochemical cycle of phosphorus is strongly interconnected with the cycles of other elements and especially iron, because phosphate tends to adsorb onto iron minerals, such as iron oxide formed in oxic marine environments.

Stabilisation/solidification of Cs-contaminated soils using novel high-density grouts: γ-ray shielding properties, contaminant immobilisation and a γRS index-based approach for in situ applicability.

In this work, γ-ray shielding and Cs immobilisation performances of high-density magnetite (MG) and iron powder (IP) in Portland cement (PC) based-S/S treatment were investigated. Experimental results were elaborated using a γ-radiation shielding (γRS) index-based approach for assessing the effectiveness of in situ S/S of Cs-contaminated soils. Main results reveal that the replacement of PC by MG or IP (up to 50%) leads to a marked increase (up to about 4-fold) in the γ-ray shielding performance, whereas a further material addition decreases the S/S shielding performance.