Can generative AI-enabled ChatGPT or large language models (LLMs) assist orthopedic surgeons?

The incorporation of generative artificial intelligence (AI) models, like ChatGPT, into orthopedic surgery, has generated considerable interest among medical professionals. This paper provides an overview of the latest research on using ChatGPT in orthopedics. It explores the potential applications, advantages, obstacles, and ethical concerns of implementing this technology.

Comprehensive global-scale evaluation of the COVID-19 pandemic associated with 234 countries, territories, and sub-national locations during 2020-2024.

Comprehensive estimation of COVID-19, including infection, death, excess mortality, case fatality rate (CFR), and infection fatality rate (IFR), is essential for understanding the pandemic's pattern. The location-specific estimates of infection, death, and excess mortality of COVID-19 from January 1, 2020, to February 11, 2024, and we have cumulative infections and cumulative deaths worldwide. Using the WHO dataset and Our World in Data, we estimated infection, mortality, excess mortality, CFR, and IFR in 234 countries and territories during COVID-19.

Deep learning in next-generation vaccine development for infectious diseases.

The landscape of vaccine development was changed in the genomic era with the help of computer science. Computer-aided vaccine epitope selection has become a foundation of rational vaccine design. Similarly, artificial intelligence (AI) is quickly transforming the vaccine development landscape.

AI-enabled language models (LMs) to large language models (LLMs) and multimodal large language models (MLLMs) in drug discovery and development.

Background: Due to the recent revolution of artificial intelligence (AI), AI-enabled large language models (LLMs) have flourished and started to be applied in various sectors of science and medicine. Drug discovery and development are time-consuming, complex processes that require high investment. The conventional method of drug discovery is costly and has a high failure rate.

Solvation Dynamics and Microheterogeneity in Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and their potential to replace conventional solvents in diverse applications, such as catalysis, energy storage, and green chemistry. However, despite their broad use, the microscopic mechanisms governing solvation dynamics and the role of hydrogen bonding in deep eutectic solvents remain insufficiently understood. In this article, we present our contributions toward unravelling the micro heterogeneity within deep eutectic solvents by combining vibrational Stark spectroscopy and two-dimensional infrared spectroscopy with molecular dynamics simulations.

Observing vibronic coupling in a strongly hydrogen bonded system with coherent multidimensional vibrational-electronic spectroscopy.

The coupled structural and electronic parameters of intramolecular hydrogen bonding play an important role in ultrafast chemical reactions, such as proton transfer processes. We perform one- and two-dimensional vibrational-electronic (1D and 2D VE) spectroscopy experiments to understand the couplings between vibrational and electronic coordinates in 10-Hydroxybenzo[h]quinoline, an ultrafast proton transfer system. The experiments reveal that the OH stretch (νOH) is strongly coupled to the electronic excitation, and Fourier analysis of the 1D data shows coherent oscillations from the low frequency backbone vibrational modes coupled to the νOH mode, resulting in an electronically detected vibronic signal.

Large language model to multimodal large language model: A journey to shape the biological macromolecules to biological sciences and medicine.

After ChatGPT was released, large language models (LLMs) became more popular. Academicians use ChatGPT or LLM models for different purposes, and the use of ChatGPT or LLM is increasing from medical science to diversified areas. Recently, the multimodal LLM (MLLM) has also become popular.

Autoantibodies in COVID-19 and Other Viral Diseases: Molecular, Cellular, and Clinical Perspectives.

Autoantibodies are immune system-produced antibodies that wrongly target the body's cells and tissues for attack. The COVID-19 pandemic has made it possible to link autoantibodies to both the severity of pathogenic infection and the emergence of several autoimmune diseases after recovery from the infection. An overview of autoimmune disorders and the function of autoantibodies in COVID-19 and other infectious diseases are discussed in this review article.

Therapeutic Potential of Quercetin as an Antioxidant for Bone-Muscle-Tendon Regeneration and Aging.

Quercetin (QC), a naturally occurring bioflavonoid found in various fruits and vegetables, possesses many potential health benefits, primarily attributed to its robust antioxidant properties. The generation of oxidative stress in bone cells is a key modulator of their physiological behavior. Moreover, oxidative stress status influences the pathophysiology of mineralized tissues.

Viscosity effects on the dynamics of diols and diol-based deep eutectic solvents.

Diols, characterized by the presence of two hydroxyl groups, form extended hydrogen-bonded networks. Increasing hydrocarbon chain length is known to elevate the viscosity of diols. Given the established influence of viscosity on solvent dynamics, it becomes imperative to comprehend the impact of viscosity on the fluctuation dynamics within diols and establish connections with hydrogen bond formation and breaking dynamics.

Current landscape of long COVID clinical trials.

Long COVID was reported as a multi-systemic condition after the infection of SARS-CoV-2, and more than 65 million people are suffering from this disease. It has been noted that around 10% of severe SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals are suffering from the enduring effects of long COVID. The symptoms of long COVID have also been noted in several mild or asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infected individuals.

ChatGPT and large language models in orthopedics: from education and surgery to research.

ChatGPT has quickly popularized since its release in November 2022. Currently, large language models (LLMs) and ChatGPT have been applied in various domains of medical science, including in cardiology, nephrology, orthopedics, ophthalmology, gastroenterology, and radiology. Researchers are exploring the potential of LLMs and ChatGPT for clinicians and surgeons in every domain.

Targeting Crosstalk of Signaling Pathways among Muscles-Bone-Adipose Tissue: A Promising Therapeutic Approach for Sarcopenia.

The aging process is associated with the development of a wide range of degenerative disorders in mammals. These diseases are characterized by a progressive decline in function at multiple levels, including the molecular, cellular, tissue, and organismal. Furthermore, it is responsible for various healthcare costs in developing and developed countries.

Antibody evasion associated with the RBD significant mutations in several emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants and its subvariants.

Since the origin of the wild strain of SARS-CoV-2, several variants have emerged, which were designated as VOC, VOI, and VUM from time to time. The Omicron variant is noted as the recent VOC. After the origin of the Omicron variant on November 2021, several subvariants of Omicron have originated subsequently, like BA.

A Systematic Study on the Role of Hydrogen Bond Donors in Dictating the Dynamics of Choline-Based Deep Eutectic Solvents.

Deep eutectic solvents, promising green alternatives to conventional solvents, consist of a hydrogen bond donor and a hydrogen bond acceptor. The hydrogen bonding components in deep eutectic solvents form an extended hydrogen bonding network, which can be tuned to specific applications by changing the hydrogen bond donors. In this work, we have changed the hydrogen bond donor from a diol to a dicarboxylic acid by systematically replacing a hydroxyl group with an acid group one at a time to investigate the solvation structure and dynamics of the deep eutectic systems.

Does variation in composition affect dynamics when approaching the eutectic composition?

Deep eutectic solvent is a mixture of two or more components, mixed in a certain molar ratio, such that the mixture melts at a temperature lower than individual substances. In this work, we have used a combination of ultrafast vibrational spectroscopy and molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the microscopic structure and dynamics of a deep eutectic solvent (1:2 choline chloride: ethylene glycol) at and around the eutectic composition. In particular, we have compared the spectral diffusion and orientational relaxation dynamics of these systems with varying compositions.

Bioactivity, Molecular Mechanism, and Targeted Delivery of Flavonoids for Bone Loss.

Skeletal disabilities are a prominent burden on the present population with an increasing life span. Advances in osteopathy have provided various medical support for bone-related diseases, including pharmacological and prosthesis interventions. However, therapeutics and post-surgery complications are often reported due to side effects associated with modern-day therapies.

A Detailed Overview of SARS-CoV-2 Omicron: Its Sub-Variants, Mutations and Pathophysiology, Clinical Characteristics, Immunological Landscape, Immune Escape, and Therapies.

The COVID-19 pandemic has created significant concern for everyone. Recent data from many worldwide reports suggest that most infections are caused by the Omicron variant and its sub-lineages, dominating all the previously emerged variants. The numerous mutations in Omicron's viral genome and its sub-lineages attribute it a larger amount of viral fitness, owing to the alteration of the transmission and pathophysiology of the virus.