Anti-inflammatory and antiresorptive activities of tanshinone-IIA mitigate alveolar bone destruction in mice with experimental periodontitis.

Background: Periodontitis is a chronic inflammatory condition that leads to progressive destruction of the alveolar bone. Currently, there is a lack of effective adjuvant treatments to nonsurgical periodontal therapy offering strong antiresorptive properties. Tanshinone IIA (T-IIA), a lipophilic compound derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza, exhibits various biological properties.

Dental Implant Failure and Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Related to Dental Implants in Patients Taking Antiresorptive Therapy for Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objectives: To inform the 2024 International Task Force on Osteonecrosis of the Jaw update, we conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis evaluating dental implant failure and medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) related to antiresorptive therapy for osteoporosis.

Methods: We searched 5 databases (1946-2024) for interventional and noninterventional studies reporting rates of dental implant failure or osteonecrosis in those with osteoporosis or osteopenia. Two reviewers independently screened all titles, abstracts, and full texts.

Antiresorptive Therapy to Reduce Fracture Risk and Effects on Dental Implant Outcomes in Patients With Osteoporosis: A Systematic Review and Osteonecrosis of the Jaw Taskforce Consensus Statement.

Objective: Placement of a dental implant in a patient on antiresorptive therapy has been hypothesized to increase the risk of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and/or impact implant survival. In patients with osteoporosis, the risk of MRONJ with antiresorptive therapy is only marginally higher than observed in the general population.

Methods: The International ONJ Taskforce conducted a systematic review of the literature and evaluated the outcomes of implant placement in individuals with osteoporosis receiving antiresorptive therapy.

X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Management in Adults: An International Working Group Clinical Practice Guideline.

Purpose: An international working group (IWG) consisting of experts in X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) developed global guidelines providing a comprehensive, evidence-based approach to XLH diagnosis, management, and monitoring.

Methods: The IWG, consisting of 43 members as well as methodologists and a patient partner, conducted 2 systematic reviews (SRs) and narrative reviews to address key areas. The SRs addressed the impact of burosumab compared to conventional therapy (phosphate and active vitamin D) or no therapy on patient-important outcomes in adults.

Peri-implant inflammation increases the risk of osteonecrosis in mice treated with bisphosphonate.

Background: Bisphosphonates (BPs) are effective in managing bone diseases due to their anti-resorptive properties but are linked to medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ), particularly concerning dental implants. This study explored the combined impact of ligature-induced peri-implant inflammation and zoledronic acid (ZA), a BP, using a murine model.

Methods: Twenty-four mice underwent bilateral maxillary molar extractions and implant placements, with ZA or vehicle treatment and ligature placement on the left side.

The Application and Validity of a New Composite Radiographic Index for Patients with Osteonecrosis of the Jaws.

: This study aims to determine the validity of a recently developed and published index (the modified Composite Radiographic Index-CRIm) as an indicator of disease gravity and progression in the CBCT scans of patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) and to detect possible correlations between the radiologic findings and clinical staging of the disease. : This study included 43 MRONJ patients with CBCT scans from the School of Dentistry of National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, approved by the Research Ethics Committee. Clinical staging (0-3) was provided based on AAOMS 2022 guidelines.

X-Linked Hypophosphatemia Management in Children: An International Working Group Clinical Practice Guideline.

Context: An International Working Group (IWG) developed new guidelines on the diagnosis, evaluation, management, and monitoring of X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH) in children. Over the past 5 years, important advances have occurred in our understanding of the presentation, complications, and treatment of XLH.

Methods: A group of 50 international experts in XLH from Canada, the United States, Europe, Asia, and South America, along with methodology experts and a patient partner, held 18 teleconference meetings in 2023-2024.

Diabetes mellitus exacerbates inflammation in a murine model of ligature-induced peri-implantitis: A histological and microtomographic study.

Aim: To investigate the influence of diabetes mellitus (DM) in a murine model of peri-implantitis (PI).

Materials And Methods: Twenty-seven 4-week-old C57BL/6J male mice had their first and second maxillary left molars extracted. Eight weeks later, one machined implant was placed in each mouse.

The Incidence and Severity of Medication Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaws is Similar in Male and Female Mice.

Background: Medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), a rare side-effect of antiresorptive medications, is described as exposed bone in the oral cavity that lasts for at least 8 weeks. Most studies report a female predilection for MRONJ; these findings could be due to the increased use of antiresorptives in females, or due to inherent differences between male versus female patients.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to measure and compare the incidence and severity of osteonecrosis of the jaws (ONJ) between male and female mice.

Pathophysiology of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw-A Minireview.

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a rare but serious adverse effect of antiresorptive medications administered for control of osseous malignancy, osteoporosis, or other bone metabolic diseases. Despite being reported in the literature two decades ago, MRONJ etiology, pathophysiology, and progression remain largely unknown, and current nonoperative or operative treatment strategies are mostly empirical. Several hypotheses that attempt to explain the mechanisms of MRONJ pathogenesis have been proposed.

Reprint of: Prevalence and Characteristics of Root Resorption Identified in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans.

Introduction: Root resorption is a destructive process that compromises tooth structure and can result in tooth loss. Often it remains asymptomatic and is an incidental finding on radiographic examinations. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and characteristics of root resorption in patients referred for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging for a variety of indications.

Radiologic findings of osteonecrosis, osteoradionecrosis, osteomyelitis and jaw metastatic disease with cone beam CT.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess CBCT scans of patients with medication related osteonecrosis of the jaws (MRONJ), osteoradionecrosis (ORN), osteomyelitis (OM) and jaw metastatic disease (JM), evaluate the presence and extent of radiologic findings, identify radiologic parameters that may distinguish the four entities and last, introduce a new modified radiographic index (CRIm), in order to contribute to the diagnosis of these conditions.

Methods: Τwo major databases were retrospectively searched for fully documented and diagnosed CBCT scans of MRONJ, ORN, OM and JM from 2006 to 2019. 335 CBCT scans met the inclusion criteria and were assessed under standardized viewing conditions blindly by 2 observers.

Prevalence and Characteristics of Root Resorption Identified in Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Scans.

Introduction: Root resorption is a destructive process that compromises tooth structure and can result in tooth loss. Often it remains asymptomatic and is an incidental finding on radiographic examinations. The purpose of this study was to determine prevalence and characteristics of root resorption in patients referred for cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging for a variety of indications.

Local delivery of a CXCR3 antagonist decreases the progression of bone resorption induced by LPS injection in a murine model.

Objectives: This experimental study was carried out to investigate the effects of locally delivered nanoparticles (AMG-487 NP) containing a CXCR3 antagonist in inhibiting the progression of LPS-induced inflammation, osteoclastic activity, and bone resorption on a murine model.

Materials And Methods: Thirty, 7-week-old C57BL/6 J male mice were used. Inflammatory bone loss was induced by Porphyromonas gingivalis-lipopolysaccharide (P.

Macrophage Involvement in Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw (MRONJ): A Comprehensive, Short Review.

Antiresorptive agents such as bisphosphonates (BP) and denosumab are commonly prescribed for the management of primary bone malignancy, bone metastasis, osteoporosis, Paget disease, or other bone disorders. Medication-related osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) is a rare but significant complication of antiresorptive medications. Duration, dose, and antiresorptive potency as well as concomitant diseases, additional medications, and local factors affect MRONJ incidence and severity.

Local RANKL delivery improves socket healing in bisphosphonate treated rats.

Medication related osteonecrosis of the Jaws (MRONJ) is a severe complication of antiresorptive and anti-angiogenic medications. Osteoclast inhibition is central in MRONJ pathogenesis. Here, we investigated if local application of RANKL (a key molecule in osteoclast activation) could enhance osteoclast generation and improve extraction socket healing in the presence of bisphosphonates.

The role of M1 and M2 macrophage polarization in progression of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between M1 and M2 macrophage polarization and clinical stage in patients with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) who underwent treatment with bisphosphonates or denosumab.

Materials And Methods: M1 and M2 macrophage density and expression of interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-10 were assessed on biopsies of mucosal tissues surrounding necrotic bone in 30 MRONJ patients with stages 1-3 and controls. For identification of M1 and M2 macrophages, double CD68/iNOS and CD68/CD206 immunofluorescence staining was conducted, respectively.

Long-term evaluation of alendronate treatment on the healing of calvaria bone defects in rats. Biochemical, histological and immunohistochemical analyses.

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of the long-term alendronate administration on bone healing in defects created in rat calvarias.

Materials And Methods: Female Wistar rats were randomly distributed into 2 groups: Control (CTL): animals received saline solution once a week; and Alendronate (ALD): rats underwent alendronate treatment (1 mg/kg/weekly). After 120 days from the commencement of treatment, a critical size defect was created in all animals, and 10 animals from each group were sacrificed at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 45 and 60-days after the defect creation.

Severe magnesium deficiency compromises systemic bone mineral density and aggravates inflammatory bone resorption.

We sought to evaluate the effects of magnesium (Mg) intake deficiency on bone metabolism in rats with induced periodontal disease (PD). Holtzman rats were randomly divided into two groups: Control - animals fed a standard diet and test - animals fed a diet with 90% Mg deficiency. After 60 days on the diets, all animals received ligature on the lower left first molars to induce PD.

Vasculature submucosal changes at early stages of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ).

Osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), a rare, but potentially severe side effect of anti-resorptive medications, presents as exposed bone in the maxillofacial region lasting for at least 8 weeks. While clinical experience and animal models concur in finding that systemic antiresorptive treatment in conjunction with local risk factors, such as tooth extraction or dental disease may lead to ONJ development, the subclinical molecular changes that precede bone exposure remain poorly understood. The identification of these changes is not only important in understanding disease pathophysiology, but could provide potential for treatment development.