Essential amino acids in celiac disease: key roles in immunogenicity, pathogenesis, and therapeutic approaches.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten ingestion, causing intestinal damage and systemic complications. Essential amino acids (EAAs) play crucial roles in immune function, intestinal integrity, and metabolic regulation; however, their malabsorption in CD contributes to disease progression. Tryptophan dysregulation may influence mood disorders in CD, while phenylalanine and lysine are linked to immune activation and gluten modification.

Gluten-free diet adherence patterns and health outcomes in celiac disease: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Celiac disease (CeD) is an autoimmune disorder, causing significant gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI symptoms. The only effective treatment is a gluten-free diet (GFD), but adherence can be challenging. This study investigates GFD adherence among CeD patients and the change in their clinical and pathological conditions over time.

Unraveling the Serum Protein Landscape in Celiac Disease: Current Evidence and Future Directions.

Background: Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic autoimmune disorder characterized by an abnormal immune response to gluten, leading to intestinal inflammation and various clinical manifestations. Serum proteins are increasingly recognized as potential biomarkers in CD, reflecting inflammation, malabsorption, and immune activation.

Objective: This review aims to elucidate the role of serum proteins in the pathogenesis, diagnosis, and management of CD, emphasizing their potential as noninvasive biomarkers and therapeutic targets.

Photobiomodulation and the oral-gut microbiome axis: therapeutic potential and challenges.

This Perspective article explores the challenges associated with the direct application of photobiomodulation (PBM) to the gut and presents a novel hypothesis for indirect gut health modulation through oral microbiome alteration. Given the difficulties in delivering PBM effectively to deep gastrointestinal tissues, an alternative approach involves targeting the oral microbiome, which has a demonstrated relationship with the gut microbiome. Research indicates that PBM applied to the oral cavity could selectively alter microbial composition.

The Role of Gluten in the Development of Autoimmune Thyroid Diseases: A Narrative Review.

Context: In recent decades, adverse reactions to gluten have increased, collectively known as gluten-related disorders (GRDs). The most prominent GRD is celiac disease (CD), a T-cell-mediated autoimmune-like disorder of the small intestine triggered by the ingestion of gluten proteins in genetically predisposed individuals. Celiac disease is often associated with various autoimmune and idiopathic conditions, including autoimmune thyroid disorders (AITDs).

Side Effects of COVID-19 Vaccination Following First and Second Doses: A Cross-Sectional Survey Based on Vaccine-associated Factors.

Background: Due to the rapid launch and development of vaccines (the most ideal protocol for countering COVID-19), monitoring of post-vaccination side effects is essential. This study aimed to assess symptoms and side effects of three types of COVID-19 vaccines (Sputnik, AstraZeneca, and Sinopharm) and the details of their relationship with demographic characteristics in Iran.

Materials And Methods: A cross-sectional and telephonic interview-based study was conducted from May 12 to July 11, 2021, among 420 university staff who received both doses of the COVID-19 vaccine.

Comparison of the Efficacy of Photodynamic Therapy Versus Cisplatin Application.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a photochemical treatment that involves the use of light and photosensitizer. This method is applied as a therapeutic approach against several types of cancer. The main aim of this study is to compare the efficacy of PDT with that of cisplatin (a well-known chemotherapy agent) through protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis.

The Effect of Photobiomodulation and on THP-1 Derived Macrophage Polarization Treated with Gliadin Peptide.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) and have been shown to be effective in improving inflammatory conditions with positive effects on increasing the population of anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages (MQs). In this study, gliadin-stimulated THP-1 derived MQs were treated with and PBM to evaluate their effects on promoting the polarization of M2 MQs. The human monocyte cell line (THP-1) was differentiated to MQs.

The role of tryptophan metabolism and tolerogenic dendritic cells in maintaining immune tolerance: Insights into celiac disease pathogenesis.

Background: In mammals, amino acid metabolism has evolved to control immune responses. Tryptophan (Trp) is the rarest essential amino acid found in food and its metabolism has evolved to be a primary regulatory node in the control of immune responses. Celiac disease (CeD) is a developed immunological condition caused by gluten intolerance and is linked to chronic small intestine enteropathy in genetically predisposed individuals.

Introducing critical proteins related to liver ischemia/reperfusion injury.

Aim: The current study aimed to introduce the key proteins involved in liver ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury through protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis.

Background: Liver transplantation (LT) is a well-known treatment for liver diseases that threaten patients with mortality. LT is a complex operation, and several risks, including liver I/R injury, affect its success.

The correlation between fecal microbiota profiles and intracellular junction genes expression in young Iranian patients with celiac disease.

Celiac disease (CD) is characterized by the disruption of the intestinal barrier integrity and alterations in the microbiota composition. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the fecal microbiota profile and mRNA expressions of intracellular junction-related genes in pediatric patients with CD compared to healthy controls (HCs). Thirty treated CD patients, 10 active CD, and 40 HCs were recruited.

The connection between fatty acids and inflammation in celiac disease; a deep exploring.

The interplay between fatty acids (FAs) and celiac disease (CD) is a burgeoning field of research with significant implications for understanding the pathophysiology and potential therapeutic avenues for this autoimmune disorder. CD, triggered by gluten consumption in susceptible individuals, presents with a range of intestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms impacting various bodily functions. The disruption of intestinal tight junctions (TJs) by gluten proteins leads to increased gut permeability and subsequent inflammatory responses mediated by T-cells.

Evaluating CD4 and Foxp3 mRNA Expression in Tissue Specimens of Celiac Disease and Colorectal Cancer Patients.

Objective: Celiac disease (CD) and colorectal cancer (CRC) are distinct gastrointestinal conditions with a debated association. This study aimed to evaluate the mRNA expression of CD4 and Foxp3 in tissue specimens of CD and CRC patients. The findings can provide valuable insights into the complex connection between these different gastrointestinal conditions.

Metabolomics and lipidomics signature in celiac disease: a narrative review.

Celiac disease (CD) is a chronic immune-mediated inflammatory disease of the small intestine caused by aberrant immune responses to consumed gluten proteins. CD is diagnosed by a combination of the patients reported symptoms, serologic and endoscopic biopsy evaluation of the small intestine; and adherence to a strict gluten-free diet (GFD) is considered the only available therapeutic approach for this disorder. Novel approaches need to be considered for finding new biomarkers to help this disorder diagnosis and finding a new alternative therapeutic method for this group of patients.

Overview of the compromised mucosal integrity in celiac disease.

Intestinal epithelium is a dynamic cellular layer that lines the small-bowel and makes a relatively impenetrable barrier to macromolecules. Intestinal epithelial cell polarity is crucial in coordinating signalling pathways within cells and mainly regulated by three conserved polarity protein complexes, the Crumbs (Crb) complex, partitioning defective (PAR) complex, and Scribble (Scrib) complex. Polarity proteins regulate the proper establishment of the intercellular junctional complexes including tight junctions (TJs), adherence junctions (AJs), and desmosomes which hold epithelial cells together and play a major role in maintaining intestinal barrier integrity.

Evaluation of the Cellular Resistance Process in Treated Cells Via Extracorporeal Photopheresis.

Extracorporeal photopheresis (ECP) is a therapeutic method applied against some diseases such as cancers. Using 8-methoxypsoralen (8-MOP) and UVA radiation in ECP is associated with achievement in the treatment of patients with leukemic cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (CTCL). Evaluation of cellular resistance versus ECP is the aim of this study.

Network analysis of liver cancer: a system biology approach.

Aim: Determining critical dysregulated proteins in liver cancer was the main aim of this study.

Background: Liver cancer is a common health problem characterized by difficulties in early diagnosis and rapid progression. Due to the lack of targeted drugs and the other features of the disease, the survival rate for patients is extremely low.

The Clinical Effects of Laser Acupuncture on Hospitalized Patients With Severe COVID-19: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was extended to the entire population in China and around the world, and its mortality rate was about 3.4%. The impact of laser therapy on chronic respiratory diseases has been shown in previous studies.

The Effect of 2.45 GHz Electromagnetic Fields on Fear Memory Extinction in Male Rats.

Fear memories are influenced by psychological and environmental variables. We evaluated the effect of 2.45 GHz microwave radiation on rats' fear learning and memory ability to determine the potential risks.

Evaluation of cellular response to toxin-A: a network analysis.

Aim: The current study aimed to determine crucial genes targeted by toxin-A through network analysis.

Background: () produces toxin-A and toxin-B and is known as a risk factor for hospital infection, especially after broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. Bioinformatics findings have led to the introduction of a set of genes and biological terms that are targeted by toxin-B in colon epithelia.

A trend of Medical Negligence in Laser Therapy in the Capital City: A Nine-Year Survey.

The purpose of the present study is to investigate the common causes of injuries, claims, and decisions related to laser therapy medical malpractice during a nine-year survey. The legal documents in the Coroner's Office of Forensic Medicine were investigated in a national database from 2012 to 2020 in Tehran, Iran. The frequency and nature of the cases, including the year of litigation, the location and certificate of the provider, the injury sustained, and the cause of legal action and judgment were collected.