Target trial emulation to replicate randomised clinical trials using registry data in multiple sclerosis.

Unlabelled: BackgroundTarget trial emulation (TTE) offers a formal framework for causal inference using observational data, but its validity must be evaluated in each research domain by replicating randomised clinical trials (RCTs). We aimed to replicate eight RCTs evaluating the efficacy of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) in multiple sclerosis (MS) using French registry data.

Methods: This multicentre, retrospective, observational study was conducted using data extracted in December 2023 from the (OFSEP) database.

Genomes of nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes reveal an alternate path for organellogenesis.

Endosymbiotic gene transfer (EGT) and import of host-encoded proteins have been considered hallmarks of organelles necessary for stable integration of two cells. However, newer endosymbiotic models have challenged the origin and timing of such genetic integration during organellogenesis. diatoms contain diazoplasts, obligate endosymbionts derived from cyanobacteria that are closely phylogenetically related to UCYN-A, a recently described nitrogen-fixing organelle.

Therapeutic Management During Pregnancy and Relapse Risk in Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Importance: In women with multiple sclerosis (MS), disease-modifying therapy (DMT) management during pregnancy might impact relapse risk.

Objective: To estimate the effect of DMT management during pregnancy on MS relapse rate and compare different therapeutic strategies.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was a multicenter retrospective cohort study using data from January 1990 to December 2023.

Sex-Related Gap in the Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: In women with multiple sclerosis (MS), the therapeutic strategy may be influenced by the anticipation of future pregnancies, leading to underexposure to disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and highly effective DMTs (HEDMTs) compared with men. We aimed to evaluate potential therapeutic inertia in women with MS and explore its causes.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study based on data extracted on June 2023 from the Observatoire Français de la Sclérose en Plaques for all patients with a relapsing-remitting MS onset between 18 and 40 years.

Use of Disease-Modifying Therapies in Patients With Late-Onset Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: The therapeutic strategy in patients with late-onset MS (LOMS) remains poorly defined. In this study, we aimed to evaluate both clinical and MRI outcomes between 2 cohorts of patients with relapsing-remitting LOMS treated or not yet treated.

Methods: Patients with relapsing-remitting MS were included for the analysis if disease onset occurred after 55 years and if they had at least one follow-up visit.

Secondary progression activity monitoring in MS despite an early highly active treatment the SPAM study.

Background: Real-world data suggest that the early use of highly active therapies (HAT) may reduce the risk of transition to secondary progressive MS (SPMS). However, current knowledge about predictive factors of outcomes needs to be improved. The primary objective of this study was to determine factors associated with the occurrence of SPMS in patients treated early after MS onset with an HAT.

Susceptibility Vessel Sign and Intravenous Alteplase in Stroke Patients Treated with Thrombectomy : A Secondary Analysis of the SWIFT DIRECT Trial.

Background: The susceptibility vessel sign (SVS) on baseline MRI in acute ischemic stroke patients has been associated with better outcomes post-thrombectomy. This study aimed to investigate whether the presence of the SVS modifies the treatment effect of intravenous thrombolysis plus endovascular thrombectomy (IVT + EVT) versus thrombectomy alone (EVT alone).

Methods: In this secondary analysis of the SWIFT DIRECT trial, comparing IVT + EVT versus EVT alone, treatment effect and its heterogeneity were assessed with rates of pre-interventional reperfusion (eTICI 2a-3) and successful post-interventional reperfusion (eTICI of 2b-3) according to the SVS status using adjusted multivariable logistic regression.

The cell biology and genome of , a giant cell that embeds symbiotic algae in a microtubule meshwork.

Endosymbiotic events in which an endosymbiont is retained within a cell that remains capable of phagocytosis, a situation known as mixotrophy, provide potentially important clues about the eukaryotic evolution. Here we describe the cell biology and genome of the giant mixotrophic ciliate . We show that contains as an endosymbiont that retains the ability to live outside the host.

Assessing the Risk of Relapse After In Vitro Fertilization in Women With Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Older studies reported an increased risk of relapse after in vitro fertilization (IVF) in women with multiple sclerosis (MS), which has not been confirmed by more recent works. All these studies had several limitations, such as small sample sizes, absence of a control population, or lack of neurologic validation of the relapses. The aim of this study was to determine the risk of relapse after IVF in women with MS.

Genomes of nitrogen-fixing eukaryotes reveal a non-canonical model of organellogenesis.

Endosymbiotic gene transfer and import of host-encoded proteins are considered hallmarks of organelles necessary for stable integration of two cells. However, newer endosymbiotic models have challenged the origin and timing of such genetic integration during organellogenesis. diatoms contain diazoplasts, obligate endosymbionts that are closely related to recently-described nitrogen-fixing organelles and share similar function as integral cell compartments.

Iatrogenic arterial vasospasm during mechanical thrombectomy requiring treatment with intra-arterial nimodipine might be associated with worse outcomes.

Background And Purpose: Vasospasm is a common iatrogenic event during mechanical thrombectomy (MT). In such circumstances, intra-arterial nimodipine administration is occasionally considered. However, its use in the treatment of iatrogenic vasospasm during MT has been poorly studied.

Clinical and safety outcomes of acute stenting plus thrombectomy for carotid tandem lesions with large ischemic core.

Background: We evaluated the clinical and safety outcomes of emergent carotid artery stenting (eCAS) plus endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) among patients with anterior tandem lesion (TL) and large ischemic core (LIC).

Methods: This retrospective study included consecutive stroke patients enrolled in the Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke Registry in France between January 2015 and June 2023. We compared the outcomes of carotid stenting vs no stenting in tandem lesion with pre-treatment LIC (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT Score (ASPECTS) 3-5) and stenting in tandem lesion vs thrombectomy alone for isolated intracranial occlusions with pre-treatment LIC.

The endosymbiont of is specialized for nitrogen fixation within a photosynthetic eukaryote.

spp. diatoms contain obligate, nitrogen-fixing endosymbionts, or diazoplasts, derived from cyanobacteria. These algae are a rare example of photosynthetic eukaryotes that have successfully coupled oxygenic photosynthesis with oxygen-sensitive nitrogenase activity.

Cross-border forensic profiling of fraudulent identity and travel documents: A pilot project between France and Switzerland.

The serial character of document fraud and its connection to organised crime groups who produce, sell and/or use fraudulent documents is a challenge for security and crime fighting. As a response, the added value of forensic intelligence is increasingly recognised. Using a forensic profiling method and a dedicated system deployed in Switzerland, document examiners can detect series (i.

Brush Sign on pre-treatment imaging is associated with good functional outcome in stroke patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy: A prospective monocentric study.

Background: The Brush Sign (BrS) is a radiological biomarker (MRI) showing signal decrease of subependymal and deep medullary veins on paramagnetic-sensitive magnetic resonance sequences. Previous studies have shown controversial results regarding the prognostic value of BrS. We aimed to assess whether BrS on T2*-weighted sequences could predict functional prognosis in patients treated with mechanical thrombectomy (MT).

Endovascular Thrombectomy Outcomes with and without Intravenous Thrombolysis for Large Ischemic Cores Identified with CT or MRI.

Background Whether intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) prior to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) provides additional benefits in patients with acute ischemic stroke (AIS) and a large infarct core (LIC) remains unclear. Purpose To examine whether treatment with IVT before EVT is beneficial in patients with LIC identified with CT or MRI (Alberta Stroke Program Early CT score 0-5). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included consecutive adult patients diagnosed with AIS due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) and LIC treated with EVT who were enrolled in the ETIS (Endovascular Treatment in Ischemic Stroke) Registry in France between January 2015 and January 2022.

Intravenous thrombolysis with tenecteplase versus alteplase combined with endovascular treatment of anterior circulation tandem occlusions: A pooled analysis of ETIS and TETRIS.

Background: Tandem occlusions are a singular large vessel occlusion entity involving specific endovascular and perioperative antithrombotic management. In this context, data on safety and efficacy of prior intravenous thrombolysis (IVT) with tenecteplase is scarce. We aimed to compare IVT with tenecteplase or alteplase in patients with acute tandem occlusions intended for endovascular treatment.

Evaluation of mechanical thrombectomy in acute ischemic stroke related to a distal arterial occlusion: A randomized controlled trial.

Rationale: Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) associated with the best medical treatment (BMT) has recently shown efficacy for the management of acute ischemic stroke (AIS) secondary to a large vessel occlusion. However, evidence is lacking regarding the benefit of MT for more distal occlusions.

Aim: To evaluate the efficacy in terms of good clinical outcome at 3 months of MT associated with the BMT over the BMT alone in AIS related to a distal occlusion.