Efficacy of remimazolam in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of remimazolam, a newly introduced anesthetic, in preventing postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) compared to other anesthetics. A systematic search of studies published up to January 2024 in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Embase was conducted to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing remimazolam with other anesthetics in terms of PONV. Following data synthesis, outcomes were reported as the relative risk (RR) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI).

Receptor subtype-dependent effects of propofol on metalloproteinase activity, NKG2D ligand expression, and NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer: an in vitro study.

Background: The effects of propofol, a commonly used intravenous anesthetic, on the breast cancer tumor microenvironment are not well understood. This study examined the influence of propofol on natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligand expression, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-mediated immune evasion, and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells.

Methods: We studied three human breast cancer cell lines representing distinct receptor subtypes: MCF-7 (estrogen receptor [ER]- and progesterone receptor [PR]-positive), MDA-MB-453 (human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 [HER2]-positive), and HCC-70 (triple-negative).

Relevant clinical factors for early extubation in living-donor liver transplantation: A single-center retrospective cohort study.

Background: Clinical guidelines for early extubation after liver transplantation remain lacking, with significant variations in the rates of early extubation across transplantation centers.

Aim: To identify clinical factors, including the use of epidural analgesia, associated with early extubation in living-donor liver transplantation (LDLT).

Methods: The medical records of LDLT recipients were analyzed in this study, categorizing them based on extubation timing as delayed (leaving the operating room without extubation) or early (tracheal tube removed immediately after surgery).

Effect of Airway Devices on Emergence Delirium in Pediatric Strabismus Surgery.

BACKGROUND Pediatric anesthesia emergence delirium (PAED), with symptoms including agitation, hyperactivity, and confusion, is common in children undergoing general anesthesia. This study aimed to compare the effect of an endotracheal tube (ETT) and a laryngeal mask airway (LMA) on emergence delirium (ED) in 73 children undergoing strabismus surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS Seventy-three children aged 3 to 9 years were enrolled and randomly assigned to 2 groups: 36 patients in the LMA group (group L) and 37 patients in the ETT group (group E).

NKG2D (Natural Killer Group 2, Member D) ligand expression and ameloblastoma recurrence: a retrospective immunohistological pilot study.

Background/purpose: This retrospective immunohistological pilot study aimed to investigate the influence of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligand expression on ameloblastoma recurrence after surgical resection. It also aimed to elucidate additional clinical factors that could serve as predictors of ameloblastoma recurrence.

Materials And Methods: This study included 96 patients who were histologically diagnosed with ameloblastoma after surgical resection.

Preoperative echocardiography as a predictor of spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension in older patients with mild left ventricular diastolic dysfunction: a retrospective observational study.

Background: Spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAH) frequently occurs in older patients, many of whom have mild left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction, often asymptomatic at rest. This study investigated the association between preoperative echocardiographic measurements and SAH in older patients with mild LV diastolic dysfunction.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using data from electronic medical records.

Impaired Capillary Recruitment Capacity in Obesity: A Subgroup Analysis of Prospective Observational Study on Anesthesia Effects.

BACKGROUND This subgroup analysis of prospective observational research, involving 71 participants, compared the effects of anesthesia on microvascular reactivity in obese vs lean individuals using near-infrared spectroscopy and vascular occlusion tests. The correlation between the body mass index (BMI) and microvascular reactivity under general anesthesia was also investigated. MATERIAL AND METHODS This study enrolled adult patients classified as American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status I or II, undergoing elective surgery under general anesthesia.

Effects of Intrathecal Ketamine on Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Mechanical Allodynia in a Rat Model of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury.

BACKGROUND Ketamine, a compelling candidate for neuropathic pain management, has attracted interest for its potential to elevate brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels. We aimed to assess the effects of intrathecally administered ketamine on the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of BDNF(c-BDNF) and allodynia in a rat model of traumatic brain injury (TBI). MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-five rats were divided into 3 groups: sham operation (Group S), untreated TBI (Group T), and ketamine-treated TBI (Group K), with 15 rats in each group.

Impact of Nonselective and Selective α-1 Adrenergic Blockers on the Sedative Efficacy of Dexmedetomidine in Urologic Surgery: A Prospective, Observational Study.

BACKGROUND This study aimed to compare the impact of a-1 adrenergic blockers - nonselective (alfuzosin, doxazosin, and terazosin) and selective (silodosin and tamsulosin) - on the sedative effects of the alpha-2 adrenergic agonist dexmedetomidine (DMT) in patients undergoing urologic surgery. The primary outcome was the sedative effect of DMT as determined by the bispectral index (BIS) and Modified Observer's Assessment of Alertness/Sedation (MOAA/S) scale scores. MATERIAL AND METHODS One hundred eighteen patients undergoing elective urologic surgery with spinal anesthesia were recruited.

Perioperative considerations of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex deficiency: a case report of two consecutive anesthesia.

Background: Pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC) deficiency is a rare mitochondrial disorder caused by a genetic mutation affecting the activity of the PDHC enzyme, which plays a major role in the tricarboxylic cycle. Few cases of surgery or anesthesia have been reported. Moreover, there is no recommended anesthetic method.

Effects of sevoflurane on metalloproteinase and natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligand expression and natural killer cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer: an in vitro study.

Background: We investigated the effects of sevoflurane exposure on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), expression and ablation of natural killer group 2, member D (NKG2D) ligands (UL16-binding proteins 1-3 and major histocompatibility complex class I chain-related molecules A/B), and natural killer (NK) cell-mediated cytotoxicity in breast cancer cells.

Methods: Three human breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7, MDA-MB-453, and HCC-70) were incubated with 0 (control), 600 (S6), or 1200 μM (S12) sevoflurane for 4 h. The gene expression of NKG2D ligands and their protein expression on cancer cell surfaces were measured using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and flow cytometry, respectively.

A prospective double-blinded randomized control trial comparing erector spinae plane block to thoracic epidural analgesia for postoperative pain in video-assisted thoracic surgery.

Objectives: To compare the analgesic efficacies of erector spinae plane (ESP) block and thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) in video-assisted thoracic surgery (VATS).

Methods: Sixty patients undergoing VATS received patient-controlled TEA with a basal rate of 3 ml/hour (h), a bolus of 3 ml (Group E), or ESP block with programmed intermittent bolus infusions of 15 mL/3 h and a bolus of 5 ml (Group ES) for 2 postoperative days. The primary outcome was to compare pain scores at rest 24 h postoperatively between the 2 groups.

Ultrasonographic Carotid Artery Flow Measurements as Predictors of Spinal Anesthesia-Induced Hypotension in Elderly Patients: A Prospective Observational Study.

BACKGROUND In elderly patients, spinal anesthesia-induced hypotension (SAH) can be frequently caused by reduced preload and stiff ventricles. The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of ultrasonographic carotid artery flow measurements during the passive leg raise (PLR) test to predict SAH in elderly patients. The correlation between preoperative transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) measurements and SAH was also investigated.

False-positive Xpert Xpress SARS-CoV-2 assay in an emergency room and trauma center: A retrospective chart review study.

Objectives: To review reports false-positive Xpert results in an emergency room and trauma center.

Methods: Patients' data with false-positive Xpert results from November 2020 to February 2022 at Pusan National University Hospital, Busan, Republic of Korea, were extracted from the electronic medical records.

Results: The positive predictive value of Xpert was 40%.

Intrathecal dexmedetomidine attenuates mechanical allodynia through the downregulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in a mild traumatic brain injury rat model.

Background: This study evaluated the effects of dexmedetomidine and propofol on brain-derived neurotrophic factor level in the cerebrospinal fluid (c-BDNF) and mechanical allodynia in a mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) rat model.

Methods: After fixing the rat's skull on a stereotactic frame under general anesthesia, craniotomy was performed. After impact, 10 µl of drug was injected into the cisterna magna (group S: sham, group D: dexmedetomidine 5 μg/kg, group P: propofol 500 μg/kg, and group T: untreated TBI).

Microvascular reactivity as a predictor of major adverse events in patients with on-pump cardiac surgery.

Background: Microcirculatory disturbances are typically most severe during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), which occurs during cardiac surgeries. If microvascular reactivity compensates for microcirculatory disturbances during CPB, tissue hypoxemia can be minimized. The primary aim of this study was to assess whether microvascular reactivity during CPB could predict major adverse events (MAE) after cardiac surgery.

Paradoxical carbon dioxide embolism during laparoscopic hepatectomy without intracardiac shunt: A case report.

Background: Laparoscopic hepatectomy has recently become popular because it results in less bleeding than open hepatectomy. However, CO embolism occurs more frequently. Most CO embolisms during laparoscopic surgery are self-resolving and non-symptomatic; however, severe CO embolism may cause hypotension, cyanosis, arrhythmia, and cardiovascular collapse.

TMI-1, TNF-α-Converting Enzyme Inhibitor, Protects Against Paclitaxel-Induced Neurotoxicity in the DRG Neuronal Cells .

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) negatively impacts cancer survivors' quality of life and is challenging to treat with existing drugs for neuropathic pain. TNF-α is known to potentiate TRPV1 activity, which contributes to CIPN. Here, we assessed the role of TMI-1, a TNF-α-converting enzyme inhibitor, in paclitaxel (PAC)-induced neurotoxicity in dorsal root ganglion (DRG) cells.

Increased Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid During the Acute Phase in TBI-Induced Mechanical Allodynia in the Rat Model.

Background: The present study aimed to develop a rat model for mechanical allodynia after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to investigate the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) using this model.

Methods: A total of 180 rats were randomly allocated into three groups: a control group (group C), a sham-operated group (group S), and a controlled cortical impact induced TBI group (group T), 60 in each group. Von Frey test was performed to evaluate mechanical withdrawal thresholds.

Acute lower extremity arterial thrombosis after intraocular foreign body removal under general anesthesia: A case report and review of literature.

Background: Surgery, which is a major risk factor for venous thrombosis, has rarely been considered a risk factor for arterial thrombosis. Recent studies have suggested that venous and arterial thromboses share common risk factors and have a bidirectional relationship. Accordingly, there is a growing interest in the risk of arterial thrombosis after surgery.

Microvascular Reactivity Measured by Dynamic Near-infrared Spectroscopy Following Induction of General Anesthesia in Healthy Patients: Observation of Age-related Change.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of general anesthesia on microvascular reactivity and tissue oxygen saturation (StO) using near-infrared spectroscopy in conjunction with vascular occlusion tests (VOT). Age-related changes of microvascular reactivity, that is, the capacity of capillary recruitment, were examined. This prospective observational study was performed on 60 patients without comorbidities who underwent elective surgery under general anesthesia.

Role of Sevoflurane on Natural Killer Group 2, Member D-Mediated Immune Response in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer: An In Vitro Study.

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of sevoflurane on cancer immunosurveillance and metastasis in non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). MATERIAL AND METHODS NCI-H23 cells, a human NSCLC cell line, were incubated with or without sevoflurane at the concentrations of 0, 12.5, 25, 50, 100, and 200 μM for 6 h.

The effect of combined Epidural-general Anesthesia on Hemodynamic Instability during Pheochromocytoma and Paraganglioma Surgery: A multicenter retrospective cohort study.

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of combined epidural-general anesthesia with those of general anesthesia alone on hemodynamic instability (intraoperative hypotension and hypertensive crisis) during pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma surgery. A total of 119 patients' medical records were reviewed who were diagnosed as having pheochromocytoma and sympathetic paraganglioma on the basis of histological findings. Intraoperative hypotension was defined as a mean blood pressure < 60 mmHg or a decrease > 30% in baseline systolic blood pressure after adrenal vein ligation.

Concealed congenital long QT syndrome during velopharyngeal dysfunction correction: a case report.

The congenital long QT syndrome (LQTS) is an inherited cardiac disorder characterized by increased QT intervals and a tendency to experience ventricular tachycardia, which can cause fainting, heart failure, or sudden death. A 4-year-old female patient undergoing velopharyngeal correction surgery under general anesthesia suddenly developed Torsades de pointes. Although the patient spontaneously resolved to sinus rhythm without treatment, subsequent QT prolongation persisted.

Weight loss practice, nutritional status, bone health, and injury history: A profile of professional jockeys in Korea.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of weight loss practices on nutritional status, bone health, and injury history among Korean professional jockeys.

Methods: Forty-three male jockeys completed a questionnaire to assess their weight loss practices. Of these, 10 jockeys were selected for in-depth assessment of their nutritional status, bone health, and injury history.