The Impact of Palliative Care on Quality of Life and Cortisol Levels in HIV/AIDS Patients with Anxiety.

Background: Individuals with HIV/AIDS often experience significant physical and mental burdens. Palliative care has emerged as a means to improve the quality of life for people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA). This study aims to determine the effect of palliative care on the quality of life and psychoneuroimmunoendocrine aspects in PLWHA, particularly those suffering from anxiety, as indicated by cortisol hormone levels.

Designing a multi-epitope vaccine targeting the HIV-1 subtype CRF01_AE in Indonesia.

HIV has markedly affected millions of people globally, with antiretroviral therapy (ART) transforming acquired immunodeficiency syndrome from a fatal disease to a manageable chronic condition. However, global disparities in ART access persist, particularly in low- and middle-income countries, highlighting the urgent need for affordable HIV vaccines. In this study, we investigated the potential development of a multi-epitope vaccine (MEV) targeting the HIV subtype CRF01_AE, which is prevalent in Indonesia.

Exploring survival rates in HIV-infected Ethiopian children receiving HAART: a retrospective cohort study.

Background: Studies have shown a high rate of mortality among adults despite the introduction of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). However, long-term outcomes of HAART among children remain poorly documented in Ethiopia. This study aimed to estimate the survival rate and identify associated factors among HIV-infected children on antiretroviral therapy.

Genotypic Analysis of Transmitted and Acquired HIV Drug Resistance in People Living with HIV/AIDS in Surabaya, Indonesia, from 2018 to 2019.

Background: Despite the availability of various effective antiretroviral (ARV) drugs, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection has come with HIV drug resistance (HIVDR), which compromises its effectiveness in reducing HIV-related morbidity, mortality, and transmission. The emergence of transmitted (TDR) and acquired HIVDR (ADR) among antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve and experienced individuals have been reported in several Indonesian regions. Therefore, continuous HIVDR surveillance is needed in Indonesia, especially in Surabaya, which is identified as having the highest prevalence of HIV infection in East Java; thus, this study aimed to identify the emergence of TDR and ADR among people living with HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) (PLWHA).

Three-dimensional Au-MnO nanostructure as an agent of synergistic cancer therapy: chemo-/photodynamic and photothermal approaches.

The design of multimodal cancer therapy was focused on reaching an efficient process and minimizing harmful effects on patients. In the present study, the Au-MnO nanostructures have been successfully constructed and produced as novel multipurpose photosensitive agents simultaneously for photodynamic therapy (PDT), photothermal therapy (PTT), and chemodynamic therapy (CDT). The prepared AuNPs were conjugated with MnO NPs by its participation in the thermal decomposition process of KMnO confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (FT-IR).

Low clinical impact of HIV drug resistance mutations in oral pre-exposure prophylaxis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Despite the widespread use of pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) in preventing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission, scant information on HIV drug resistance mutations (DRMs) has been gathered over the past decade. This review aimed to estimate the pooled prevalence of pre-exposure prophylaxis and its two-way impact on DRM.

Methods: We systematically reviewed studies on DRM in pre-exposure prophylaxis according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis 2020 guidelines.

Spatial-temporal transmission dynamics of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Indonesia.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) remains a serious health threat in Indonesia. In particular, the CRF01_AE viruses were the predominant HIV-1 strains in various cities in Indonesia. However, information on the dynamic transmission characteristics and spatial-temporal transmission of HIV-1 CRF01_AE in Indonesia is limited.

Cytokine profiles of mild-to-moderate SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered pre-vaccinated individuals residing in Indonesia.

Background: Accumulating evidence suggests the involvement of cytokine-mediated inflammation, in clinical severity and death related to SARS-CoV-2 infection, especially among pre-vaccinated individuals. An increased risk of death was also described among SARS-CoV-2 recovered individuals, which might be correlated with prolonged inflammatory responses. Despite being among the countries with the highest cumulative deaths due to COVID-19, evidence regarding cytokine profiles among SARS-CoV-2 infected and recovered pre-vaccinated individuals in Indonesia is scarce.

Challenges in the implementation of mother-to-child HIV/AIDS prevention programs in Indonesia.

Introduction: The HIV/AIDS prevention program among pregnant mothers aims to reduce the risk of HIV transmission from mother to baby. It also aims to reduce stigma and discrimination, as well as deaths due to HIV/AIDS. This paper aimed to find out obstacles that occur in the implementation of HIV/AIDS transmission program in Indonesia.

RETRACTED ARTICLE: Impact TB co-infections on immune tolerance among people living with HIV: a systematic review.

Background: The high-burden regions of Sub-Saharan Africa, which accounted for greater than 70% of the HIV epidemic, are disproportionately affected by the high rates of TB coinfection. This might be explained by, the low immune tolerance of the population due to malnutrition and chronic infections aggravating immune suppression. In this review, we discuss the immunopathogenesis of this common co-infection that causes significant morbidity and mortality in people living with HIV globally.

HAART induced inflammation, toxicity and its determinants among HIV positive children in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.

Background: Highly Active Antiretroviral therapy (HAART) plays significant role in reduction of mortality among children infected with HIV. Despite the inevitable impact of HAART on inflammation and toxicity, there is limited evidence on its impact among children in Ethiopia. Moreover, evidence on contributing factors to toxicity has been poorly described.

Subtype Distribution and Drug Resistance Patterns Among HIV-1 Strains Prevalent in Makassar, Indonesia.

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) is characterized by a large degree of genetic variability because of high rates of recombination and mutation, sizable population sizes, and rapid replication. Therefore, this study investigated HIV-1 subtype distribution and the appearance of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in viruses that are prevalent in Makassar, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The HIV-1 , , and genes were amplified from 63 infected individuals and sequenced for a subtyping analysis.

Screening of anti-HIV activities in ethanol extract and fractions from leaves.

Objectives: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is considered as a major immunosuppressive disease linked to malignancies and other opportunistic infections. Recently, the high prevalence of HIV drug-resistant strains required a high demand for novel antiviral drug development, especially in herbal medicine approaches. The objective of this study was to evaluate the possibility of leaves can inhibit HIV replication in ethanol extract form as well as its fractions using chloroform, ethyl acetate, and butanol solvents.

Antioxidant and antiviral potency of fractions.

Objectives: This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant and antiviral potency of -hexane, ethyl acetate and, water fractions of Ardi & D.C.Thomas as well as to identify the chemical constituents.

Potential Misdiagnosis between COVID-19 and Dengue Infection Using Rapid Serological Test.

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic that has a significant rapid transmission is an international public health concern. Several dengue-endemic countries reported similar clinical and laboratory features between COVID-19 and dengue in the early incubation period, and thus discerning the infection is difficult. As a dengue-endemic country, Indonesia also poses the same challenge during the COVID-19 outbreak.

COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF qPCR MEASUREMENT OF HIV VIRAL LOAD AND ELISA DETECTION OF p24 ANTIGEN AFTER HYPERBARIC OXYGEN EXPOSURE.

Background: A decrease in the number of viruses or viral nucleic acid components will determine whether a therapy successfully eradicates the virus. Sensitivity and specificity are needed to enable easy, precise and efficient diagnosis and evaluation of therapy. This study examined the sensitivity of quantitative PCR (qPCR) for detecting viral nucleic acids as compared with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for detecting the human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) p24 antigen after hyperbaric oxygen therapy.

Antiviral screening on , and extracts against HIV-infected MT-4 cells.

K. Schum A.D.

Inactivation of HIV-1 Infection through Integrative Blocking with Amino Phenylboronic Acid Attributed Carbon Dots.

Current antiretroviral HIV therapies continue to have problems related to procedural complications, toxicity, and uncontrolled side effects. In this study, amino phenylboronic acid-modified carbon dots (APBA-CDs) were introduced as a new nanoparticle-based on gp120 targeting that inhibits HIV-1 entry processes. Prolonged by simple pyrolysis for preparing carbon dots, this report further explores attributing amino phenylboronic acid on carbon dots, which prove the formation of graphene-like structures on carbon dots and boronic acid sites, thereby enabling the enhancement of positive optical properties through photoluminescent detection.

The Dominance of CRF01_AE and the Emergence of Drug Resistance Mutations Among Antiretroviral Therapy-Experienced, HIV-1-infected Individuals in Medan, Indonesia.

Background: human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection is a serious public health threat worldwide. Medan is one example of big cities in Indonesia with a high prevalence of HIV-1 infection; however, quite a limited study had conducted for detecting the circulation of HIV-1 subtypes in Medan. In addition, a serious factor that can implicate the treatment of HIV-1-infected individuals is the emergence of drug resistance mutations.

Identification of HIV-1 subtypes and drug resistance mutations among HIV-1-infected individuals residing in Pontianak, Indonesia.

Introduction: The present study investigated the HIV-1 subtype classification in addition to prevalence of drug resistance mutations (DRMs) in antiretroviral therapy (ART)-experienced and ART-naïve residents of Pontianak, West Kalimantan, Indonesia.

Methods: Whole blood samples collected from 30 HIV-1-infected individuals, comprising 19 ART-experienced and 11 ART-naïve individuals, were subjected to RNA and DNA extraction, followed by HIV-1 genes amplification and sequencing analysis. HIV-1 subtyping was classified on viral genes encoding reverse transcriptase (RT gene) and protease (PR gene) accompanied by the and genes.

Hyperbaric hyperoxia exposure in suppressing human immunodeficiency virus replication: An experimental in peripheral mononuclear blood cells culture.

Cellular immune has an important role in response HIV infection, which is attack the infected cells to activate signaling molecule. Hyperbaric Oxygen (HBO) worked as complementary treatment for HIV infection. The production of ROS and RNS molecules during hyperbaric exposure can affect gene expression which contributes to cellular adaptative response.

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 transmitted drug resistance among treatment-naive individuals residing in Jakarta, Indonesia.

The presence of transmitted drug resistance (TDR) in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infected individuals naive to antiretroviral therapy, may affect the effectiveness of treatment. Jakarta, the capital city of Indonesia, recorded the highest number of cumulative HIV infection cases in the country. This study aimed to identify on the appearance of TDR, as well as to identify HIV-1 subtypes circulating among treatment-naive individuals in Jakarta.

2018-2019 Update on the Molecular Epidemiology of HIV-1 in Indonesia.

The HIV type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic has continued to grow in Indonesia; however, continuous updates on the epidemiology of HIV-1 in Indonesia remain challenging because it is the biggest archipelago in the world. Furthermore, the emergence of HIV drug resistance (HIVDR) has had a negative impact on the treatment of infected individuals. In this study, we performed HIV-1 subtyping and the detection of HIVDR in 105 HIV-1-infected individuals residing in various cities in Indonesia during 2018-2019.