Recommendations for the safe use of high-risk medications in pediatrics.

Objective: The objectives of this consensus document were to establish a standardized list of high-risk medications for the pediatric population and to compile the recommended practices for their safe use with the aim of promoting the implementation of medication error prevention programs in health care centers.

Method: The Ministry of Health, the Spanish Institute for Safe Medication Practices, the Spanish Association of Pediatrics and the Spanish Society of Hospital Pharmacy and regional administration representatives participated in the project. The Recommendations for the Safe Use of High-Risk Medications was used as reference, and its contents adapted and expanded to address specific issues in the pediatric population based on the current evidence.

Impact of Preoperative Food Addiction on Weight Loss and Weight Regain Three Years After Bariatric Surgery.

: Food addiction (FA) is prevalent among individuals with severe obesity and has been associated with poorer weight loss (WL) outcomes after dietary interventions. However, its long-term impact after bariatric surgery (BS) remains unclear. : This study aimed to evaluate the effect of preoperative FA on WL and weight regain (WR) three years after different BS techniques.

Connexin 30 (GJB6) deletion as a cause of a false positive sweat test result.

Unlabelled: The sweat test (ST) is the gold standard for the diagnosis of cystic fibrosis. There are several reports in the literature regarding conditions that are known to be associated with a false positive result. The aim of this article is to describe a previously unreported cause of a false positive ST.

Mini-ghrelins: Functional Characterization of N-terminal Peptides Derived From Ghrelin Proteolysis in Male Samples.

Some evidence suggests that ghrelin in plasma undergoes proteolytic processing, leading to the generation of shorter peptides containing the bioactive N-terminal end of this peptide hormone. However, the chemical nature and bioactivity of these shorter versions of ghrelin (termed mini-ghrelins) remain to be clearly defined. Mini-ghrelins generated in plasma were analyzed using mass spectrometry.

Selective Colocalization of GHSR and GLP-1R in a Subset of Hypothalamic Neurons and Their Functional Interaction.

The GH secretagogue receptor (GHSR) and the glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-1R) are G protein-coupled receptors with critical, yet opposite, roles in regulating energy balance. Interestingly, these receptors are expressed in overlapping brain regions. However, the extent to which they target the same neurons and engage in molecular crosstalk remains unclear.

Changes in cerebral cortex redox status and cognitive performance in short- and long-term high-sucrose diet fed rats.

Rising evidence suggests that Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) would be correlated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Although this has emerged as a relevant area of research, it has not been fully explored. It is not clear if a greater impairment of the metabolic peripheral environment is accompanied by a greater impairment of the central nervous system.

Glioblastoma Tumor Microenvironment: An Important Modulator for Tumoral Progression and Therapy Resistance.

The race to find an effective treatment for glioblastoma (GBM) remains a critical topic, because of its high aggressivity and impact on survival and the quality of life. Currently, due to GBM's high heterogeneity, the conventional treatment success rate and response to therapy are relatively low, with a median survival rate of less than 20 months. A new point of view can be provided by the comprehension of the tumor microenvironment (TME) in pursuance of the development of new therapeutic strategies to aim for a longer survival rate with an improved quality of life and longer disease-free interval (DFI).

The intestinal microbiome of infants with cow's milk-induced FPIES is enriched in taxa and genes of enterobacteria.

Objectives: Food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) is a severe type of non-IgE (immunoglobulin E)-mediated (NIM) food allergy, with cow's milk (CM) being the most common offending food. The relationship between the gut microbiota and its metabolites with the inflammatory process in infants with CM FPIES is unknown, although evidence suggests a microbial dysbiosis in NIM patients. This study was performed to contribute to the knowledge of the interaction between the gut microbiota and its derived metabolites with the local immune system in feces of infants with CM FPIES at diagnosis.

Bacteremia associated with non-tunneled central venous catheters in children undergoing chronic hemodialysis.

Introduction. Central venous catheter (CVC)-related infection is the main complication observed in patients undergoing hemodialysis with this type of venous access. Objective.

Gut microbiota and inflammatory mediators differentiate IgE mediated and non-IgE mediated cases of cow's milk protein at diagnosis.

Objective: Analyze fecal and blood samples at point of diagnosis in IgE mediated cow's milk protein allergy (CMPA) and non-IgE mediated (NIM)-CMPA patients to look for potential new biomarkers.

Patients And Methods: Fourteen patients with IgE mediated CMPA and 13 with NIM-CMPA were recruited in three hospitals in the north of Spain, and were compared with 25 infants from a control group of the same age range. To characterize intestinal microbiota, 16S rDNA gene and internal transcribed spacer amplicons of bifidobacteria were sequenced with Illumina technology.

Is There a Place for Brachytherapy in Vulvar Cancer? A Narrative Review.

Vulvar cancer is a relatively rare neoplasm. The essential treatment is surgery for the primary tumour. However, postoperative recurrence rates are high, even in early-stage disease when tumour-free surgical margins are achieved or in the absence of associated risk factors (lymph node metastases, deep stromal invasion or invasion of the lymphatic vascular space).

A Neurosurgical Perspective on Brain Metastases from Renal Cell Carcinoma: Multi-Institutional, Retrospective Analysis.

Background: While acknowledging the generally poor prognostic features of brain metastases from renal cell carcinoma (BM RCC), it is important to be aware of the fact that neurosurgery still plays a vital role in managing this disease, even though we have entered an era of targeted therapies. Notwithstanding their initial high effectiveness, these agents often fail, as tumors develop resistance or relapse.

Methods: The authors of this study aimed to evaluate patients presenting with BM RCC and their outcomes after being treated in the Neurosurgical Department of Clinical Emergency Hospital "Bagdasar-Arseni", and the Neurosurgical Department of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurovascular Diseases, Bucharest, Romania.

An Overview of EGFR Mechanisms and Their Implications in Targeted Therapies for Glioblastoma.

Despite all of the progress in understanding its molecular biology and pathogenesis, glioblastoma (GBM) is one of the most aggressive types of cancers, and without an efficient treatment modality at the moment, it remains largely incurable. Nowadays, one of the most frequently studied molecules with important implications in the pathogenesis of the classical subtype of GBM is the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR). Although many clinical trials aiming to study EGFR targeted therapies have been performed, none of them have reported promising clinical results when used in glioma patients.

Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Simple, Field-Applicable Coproantigen Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Diagnosis of Taeniasis in Northern Peru.

Coproantigen detection by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (coAg ELISA) is a vital tool for detecting and treating cases of Taenia solium taeniasis. However, the assay's procedures require costly materials and sophisticated equipment, which are typically inaccessible in rural settings where the disease is endemic. To overcome these barriers, we developed and evaluated a field-applicable coAg ELISA.

Chlorpromazine, an Inverse Agonist of D1R-Like, Differentially Targets Voltage-Gated Calcium Channel (Ca) Subtypes in mPFC Neurons.

The dopamine receptor type 1 (D1R) and the dopamine receptor type 5 (D5R), which are often grouped as D1R-like due to their sequence and signaling similarities, exhibit high levels of constitutive activity. The molecular basis for this agonist-independent activation has been well characterized through biochemical and mutagenesis in vitro studies. In this regard, it was reported that many antipsychotic drugs act as inverse agonists of D1R-like constitutive activity.

Constitutive activity of the dopamine (D ) receptor, highly expressed in CA1 hippocampal neurons, selectively reduces Ca 3.2 and Ca 3.3 currents.

Background And Purpose: Ca 3.1-3 currents differentially contribute to neuronal firing patterns. Ca 3 are regulated by G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) activity, but information about Ca 3 as targets of the constitutive activity of GPCRs is scarce.

Functional alterations of two novel MC4R mutations found in Argentinian pediatric patients with early onset obesity.

Loss-of-function mutations in melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) are the most common cause of monogenic obesity, a severe type of early-onset obesity. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of MC4R mutations in a cohort of 97 Argentinian children with early-onset obesity. We found two novel mutations (p.

Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROs) in HIV Infection: Points to Consider and Challenges.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to reach consensus on the use of PROs (patient-reported outcome measures) in people living with HIV (PLHIV).

Methods: A scientific committee of professionals with experience in PROMs methodology issued recommendations and defined the points to support by evidence. A systematic review of the literature identified the coverage, utility, and psychometric properties of PROMs used in PLHIV.

Review on Treatment Planning Systems for Cervix Brachytherapy (Interventional Radiotherapy): Some Desirable and Convenient Practical Aspects to Be Implemented from Radiation Oncologist and Medical Physics Perspectives.

Intracavitary brachytherapy (BT, Interventional Radiotherapy, IRT), plays an essential role in the curative intent of locally advanced cervical cancer, for which the conventional approach involves external beam radiotherapy with concurrent chemotherapy followed by BT. This work aims to review the different methodologies used by commercially available treatment planning systems (TPSs) in exclusive magnetic resonance imaging-based (MRI) cervix BT with interstitial component treatments. Practical aspects and improvements to be implemented into the TPSs are discussed.

Usefulness of Muscle Ultrasound to Study Sarcopenic Obesity: A Pilot Case-Control Study.

Background and objectives: Sarcopenic obesity (SO) is an emerging problem, especially in candidates for bariatric surgery (BS). We hypothesized that musculoskeletal ultrasound (MUS), a simple and accessible method, could be a reliable index of SO. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study including 122 subjects (90 cases and 32 controls, 73% female, mean age: 51.

Glioblastoma Stem Cells-Useful Tools in the Battle against Cancer.

Glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs) are cells with a self-renewal ability and capacity to initiate tumors upon serial transplantation that have been linked to tumor cell heterogeneity. Most standard treatments fail to completely eradicate GSCs, causing the recurrence of the disease. GSCs could represent one reason for the low efficacy of cancer therapy and for the short relapse time.

Evaluation of the impact of EMBRACE II protocol in Spanish centers, with a large cohort of patients using a ranking index.

Purpose: The aim of this paper was to assess development of high-dose-rate (HDR) cervix brachytherapy (BT) implants in three Spanish institutions before and after introduction of EMBRACE II protocol.

Material And Methods: 392 patients from three different institutions, treated between 2009 and 2019 were analyzed. D of high-risk clinical target volume (HR-CTV) and D of organs at risk (OARs) of all patients were collected.

Electrochemical and Spectrophotometric Methods for Polyphenol and Ascorbic Acid Determination in Fruit and Vegetable Extracts.

Research Background: Fresh-cut fruits and vegetables are considered sources of antioxidant compounds. However, their shelf life is limited due to nutritional, quality and safety deterioration. Therefore, in recent decades, various methods have been reported for food processing and preservation, as well as for the determination of antioxidant compounds, due to their many benefits when consumed.