Oral adverse event reporting in smoking cessation trials using non-combustible nicotine products: A quality assessment.

Objectives: To assess the completeness and quality of reporting of oral adverse events (OAEs) in randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that evaluated non-combustible nicotine products (NCNPs) and whether reporting practices have improved over time.

Data Sources And Study Selection: This secondary data analysis was based on 36 RCTs included in a previous systematic review. Trials involved adult smokers and included nicotine replacement therapy, electronic cigarettes, heated tobacco, and smokeless tobacco.

Treatments for MEN1-associated endocrine tumours: three systematic reviews and a meta-analysis.

Background: Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary disorder characterised by the combined occurrence of parathyroid, pancreatic, and pituitary tumours. Current treatments are based on very low-quality evidence. Our aims were to determine treatment outcomes in patients with MEN1 for: subtotal parathyroidectomy versus less than subtotal parathyroidectomy for primary hyperparathyroidism (Q1); surgery versus active surveillance for non-functioning pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours sized 2 cm or less (Q2); and dopamine agonist responses of prolactinomas in patients with MEN1 versus patients without MEN1 (Q3).

Oral health effects of non‑combustible nicotine products: a systematic review and network meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials.

Objectives: To evaluate the oral adverse effects of non-combustible nicotine products (NCNPs) compared with each other, placebo, standard of care, no treatment and combustible cigarettes through a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Data Sources And Study Selection: Randomized controlled trials involving adult smokers and reporting oral adverse events (e.g.

Cochlear Implant (CI) procedure. Italian Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SIOeChCF) and Italian Society of Audiology and Phoniatrics (SIAF). Part 2: cochlear implants in children.

Objective: Cochlear implant (CI) is a well-established treatment for children with sensorineural hearing loss without benefit from hearing aids. The Italian guidelines date back 15 years; given the expansion of indications for CI (including single side deafness and asymmetrical hearing loss) it became necessary to establish updated guidelines.

Methods: Thirteen experts and 2 patient representatives selected the key questions and drew up recommendations.

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation and Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis showed moderate to substantial concordance in the evaluation of certainty of the evidence.

Objectives: Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) and Confidence in Network Meta-Analysis (CINeMA) are available to assess the confidence in network meta-analysis (NMA) results. They share common aspects, but their operationalization differs. We evaluated interrater reliability (IRR) among assessors, the approaches' concordance, and application time.

Oral health effects of non-combustible nicotine products: protocol for a systematic review and network meta-analysis.

Background: Tobacco use is a global issue, and non-combustible nicotine products (NCNPs) like electronic nicotine delivery systems, nicotine pouches, snus, and nicotine replacement therapies offer potential risk/harm reduction for smokers unable or unwilling to quit. Although NCNPs are less harmful than tobacco smoking, their impact on oral health remains unclear. A systematic review and network meta-analysis will be conducted to answer the research question: What are the oral signs and symptoms associated with NCNPs as both monotherapies and combination therapies compared to each other, placebo, standard care, no drug treatment, and combustible cigarette smoking?

Methods: We will search PubMed and Scopus databases, and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) from inception to August 2024.

Recommendations for essential medicines for multiple sclerosis in low-resource settings.

Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system that, when untreated, can lead to significant disability in young adults. Despite the increase in the number of disease-modifying therapies (DMTs), many people living with MS in low-resource settings do not have access to treatment.

Objective: The primary aim was to develop recommendations on the minimum essential DMTs for MS that should be available in low-resource settings.

Combined pharmacological and psychosocial interventions for alcohol use disorder.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a mental disorder characterised by a strong desire to consume alcohol and impaired control of alcohol use, with devastating consequences. Many people with AUD do not respond to psychosocial or pharmacological interventions when these are provided alone. Combining these interventions may improve the response to treatment, though evidence remains limited.

Cochlear implant procedure. Italian Clinical Practice Guidelines of the Italian Society of Otorhinolaryngology (SIOeChCF) and Italian Society of Audiology and Phoniatrics (SIAF). Part 1: cochlear implants in adults.

Objective: Cochlear implant (CI) is a well-established treatment for adults with sensorineural hearing loss and without benefit from hearing aids. The Italian guidelines date back 15 years; given the expansion of indications for CI, including single side deafness and asymmetrical hearing loss, it became necessary to establish updated guidelines.

Methods: Thirteen experts and 2 patient representatives selected the key questions and drew up recommendations.

Evidence synthesis of health policy and systems research in rehabilitation: a protocol for Cochrane overviews of systematic reviews on delivery, governance, financial arrangements, and implementation strategies.

Cochrane Rehabilitation and the World Health Organization (WHO) Rehabilitation Program are collaborating to produce four Cochrane overviews of systematic reviews that synthesize the current evidence from health policy and systems research (HPSR) in rehabilitation. They will focus on the four pillars of HPSR identified by the Cochrane Effective Practice and Organization of Care (EPOC) taxonomy: delivery arrangements, financial arrangements, governance arrangements, and implementation strategies. The protocol describes why HPSR is currently needed in rehabilitation, provides detailed information on the four EPOC pillars in interaction with rehabilitation and reports the Cochrane methods that will be followed to produce the overviews.

Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for progressive multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.

Background: In recent years a broader range of immunomodulatory and immunosuppressive treatment options have emerged for people with progressive forms of multiple sclerosis (PMS). While consensus supports these options as reducing relapses, their relative benefit and safety profiles remain unclear due to a lack of direct comparison trials.

Objectives: To compare through network meta-analysis the efficacy and safety of alemtuzumab, azathioprine, cladribine, cyclophosphamide, daclizumab, dimethylfumarate, diroximel fumarate, fingolimod, fludarabine, glatiramer acetate, immunoglobulins, interferon beta 1-a and beta 1-b, interferon beta-1b (Betaferon), interferon beta-1a (Avonex, Rebif), laquinimod, leflunomide, methotrexate, minocycline, mitoxantrone, mycophenolate mofetil, natalizumab, ocrelizumab, ofatumumab, ozanimod, pegylated interferon beta-1a, ponesimod, rituximab, siponimod, corticosteroids, and teriflunomide for PMS.

Lumbar braces and other assistive devices for treatment of chronic low back pain.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of assistive technologies (i.e.

ECCO Guidelines on Therapeutics in Crohn's Disease: Surgical Treatment.

This article is the second in a series of two publications on the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation [ECCO] evidence-based consensus on the management of Crohn's disease. The first article covers medical management; the present article addresses surgical management, including preoperative aspects and drug management before surgery. It also provides technical advice for a variety of common clinical situations.

Psychosocial and medication interventions to stop or reduce alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Background: Despite the known harms, alcohol consumption is common in pregnancy. Rates vary between countries, and are estimated to be 10% globally, with up to 25% in Europe.

Objectives: To assess the efficacy of psychosocial interventions and medications to reduce or stop alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Therapeutic exercises for idiopathic scoliosis in adolescents.

Background: Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis (AIS) is a pathology that changes the three-dimensional shape of the spine and trunk. While AIS can progress during growth and cause cosmetic issues, it is usually asymptomatic. However, a final spinal curvature above the critical threshold of 30° increases the risk of health problems and curve progression in adulthood.

Psychosocial interventions for stimulant use disorder.

Background: Stimulant use disorder is a continuously growing medical and social burden without approved medications available for its treatment. Psychosocial interventions could be a valid approach to help people reduce or cease stimulant consumption. This is an update of a Cochrane review first published in 2016.

Disulfiram for the treatment of cocaine dependence.

Background: Cocaine is a psychostimulant used by approximately 0.4% of the general population worldwide. Cocaine dependence is a chronic mental disorder characterised by the inability to control cocaine use and a host of severe medical and psychosocial complications.

Immunomodulators and immunosuppressants for relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis: a network meta-analysis.

Background: Different therapeutic strategies are available for the treatment of people with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), including immunomodulators, immunosuppressants and biological agents. Although each one of these therapies reduces relapse frequency and slows disability accumulation compared to no treatment, their relative benefit remains unclear. This is an update of a Cochrane review published in 2015.

The influence of bias in randomized controlled trials on rehabilitation intervention effect estimates: what we have learned from meta-epidemiological studies.

This study aimed to synthesize evidence from studies that addressed the influence of bias domains in randomized controlled trials on rehabilitation intervention effect estimates and discuss how these findings can maximize the trustworthiness of an RCT in rehabilitation. We screened studies about the influence of bias on rehabilitation intervention effect estimates published until June 2023. The characteristics and results of the included studies were categorized based on methodological characteristics and summarized narratively.

Multidisciplinary Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma in 2023: Italian practice Treatment Guidelines of the Italian Association for the Study of the Liver (AISF), Italian Association of Medical Oncology (AIOM), Italian Association of Hepato-Bilio-Pancreatic Surgery (AICEP), Italian Association of Hospital Gastroenterologists (AIGO), Italian Association of Radiology and Clinical Oncology (AIRO), Italian Society of Pathological Anatomy and Diagnostic Cytology (SIAPeC-IAP), Italian Society of Surgery (SIC), Italian Society of Gastroenterology (SIGE), Italian Society of Medical and Interventional Radiology (SIRM), Italian Organ Transplant Society (SITO), and Association of Patients with Hepatitis and Liver Disease (EpaC) - Part I - Surgical treatments.

Worldwide, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the third most common cause of cancer-related death. The remarkable improvements in treating HCC achieved in the last years have increased the complexity of HCC management. Following the need to have updated guidelines on the multidisciplinary treatment management of HCC, the Italian Scientific Societies involved in the management of this cancer have promoted the drafting of a new dedicated document.

Progestogens for maintenance tocolysis in symptomatic women. A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Objective: Prevention of preterm birth (PTB) with progestogens after an episode of threatened preterm labour is still controversial. As different progestogens have distinct molecular structures and biological effects, we conducted a systematic review and pairwise meta-analysis to investigate the individual role played by 17-alpha-hydroxyprogesterone caproate (17-HP), vaginal progesterone (Vaginal P) and oral progesterone (Oral P).

Methods: The search was performed in MEDLINE, ClinicalTrials.

Baclofen for alcohol use disorder.

Background: Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is one of the most widespread psychiatric disorders leading to detrimental consequences to people with this disorder and others. Worldwide, the prevalence of heavy episodic drinking (30-day prevalence of at least one occasion of 60 g of pure alcohol intake among current drinkers) is estimated at 20% and the prevalence of AUD at 5% of the adult general population, with highest prevalence in Europe and North America. Therapeutic approaches, including pharmacotherapy, play an important role in treating people with AUD.

Efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Background: Different forms of vaccines have been developed to prevent the SARS-CoV-2 virus and subsequent COVID-19 disease. Several are in widespread use globally.  OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of COVID-19 vaccines (as a full primary vaccination series or a booster dose) against SARS-CoV-2.

School closures and mental health, wellbeing and health behaviours among children and adolescents during the second COVID-19 wave: a systematic review of the literature.

Objectives: to evaluate the impact of school closures, as a measure to contain the transmission of SARS-CoV-2 infection, on the psychological well-being of students of all levels starting from the 2020-2021 school year.

Design: a systematic literature review was conducted according to the PRISMA 2020 Guidelines. The literature search was conducted on 4 different databases: MedLine, Embase, PsycINFO, and L.