World Association for Veterinary Dermatology Consensus Statement for Diagnosis, and Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines for Treatment and Prevention of Canine Leishmaniosis.

Background: Canine leishmaniosis (CanL) due to Leishmania infantum remains common, and veterinarians do not always follow scientifically sound approaches for diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Objectives: To provide consensus guidelines for diagnosis and evidence-based guidelines for treatment and prevention of CanL.

Methods And Material: Clinical consensus guidelines for the diagnosis were structured based on literature and authors' experience.

Dermoscopic features of infundibular keratinising acanthomas and follicular cysts: Description, assessment and histopathological correlation.

Background: Dermoscopy is a noninvasive technique used for the preliminary assessment of skin lesions including neoplasms in humans and animals. Infundibular keratinising acanthoma (IKA) is a benign hair follicle neoplasm of dogs reported to represent 3.36% of all skin tumours; however, its dermoscopic features have not been investigated.

Subcutaneous fat sclerosis in a domestic short-hair cat.

The authors describe a case of presumptive feline subcutaneous fat sclerosis, a condition reported only once previously (in 1987) and diagnosed with postmortem examination. We describe radiographic, computed tomography scan and histopathological findings, and partial response to oral methylprednisolone and Vitamin E.

BRAF mutations and survival with surgery for colorectal liver metastases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Mutations in the BRAF gene (BRAFmut) are associated with an unfavorable prognosis in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). The aim of this meta-analysis was to evaluate the prognosis of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients with liver metastases and the potential benefits of liver resection in patients with BRAFmut CRC.

Material And Methods: A systematic search of PubMed, Cochrane Central Controlled Trials, and Embase databases was conducted on May 31, 2023.

The role of climatic variables on nest evolution in tanagers.

Avian nests are fundamental structures in avian reproduction and face strong selective forces. Climatic conditions are likely to have shaped the evolution of specific nest traits, but evidence is scarce at a macroevolutionary level. The Thraupidae family (commonly known as tanagers) is an ideal clade to understand the link between nest architecture and climate because it presents wide variation in nest traits.

Deconstructing the flight paths of hippocampal-lesioned homing pigeons as they navigate near home offers insight into spatial perception and memory without a hippocampus.

The aim of this study was to exploit detailed analyses of GPS-recorded tracks to better characterise the impact of hippocampal (HF) lesion on spatial memory and perception in the context of homing pigeon navigation when reliant on familiar landscape features near the home loft following repeated releases from the same three locations. As reported previously, following HF lesion, a low spatio-temporal resolution analysis revealed that homing pigeons fly less direct paths home once near the loft. We now further show that 1) HF-lesioned pigeons are less likely to display fidelity to a particular flight path home when released from the same locations multiple times, 2) intact pigeons are more likely to exploit leading-line landscape features, e.

Development and validation of an owner-assessed Visual Analog Scale for feline pruritus severity scoring (VAScat).

Background: Assessment of the severity of pruritus is difficult in cats, because they manifest discomfort by increased licking, increased scratching or both.

Hypothesis/objectives: Our objective was to develop and validate a feline-specific pruritus scale (VAScat).

Methods: The scale was designed as a double Visual Analog Scale (VAS), one VAS for licking and one for scratching, with severity and behavioural descriptors.

Alteration of the temporal association between courtship audio and visual components affects female sexual response.

Some multimodal signals-that is, occurring in more than one sensory modality-appear to carry additional information which is not present when component signals are presented separately. To understand the function of male ring dove's (Streptopelia risoria) multimodal courtship, we used audiovisual playback of male displays to investigate female response to stimuli differing in their audiovisual timing. From natural courtship recordings, we created a shifted stimulus where audio was shifted relative to video by a fixed value and a jittered stimulus, where each call was moved randomly along the visual channel.

Hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis: HCC and Steatosis or Steatohepatitis.

Background And Aims: Hepatic steatosis of nonalcoholic etiology (nonalcoholic fatty liver disease; NAFLD) is an emergent condition that may lead to hepatic cirrhosis and finally to liver cancer. We evaluate the risk of developing hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and quantify the prognosis in terms of recurrence (DFS) as well as HCC-specific and overall survival (CSS and OS) of patients with and without NAFLD.

Methods: We searched published articles that evaluated the risk and outcomes of HCC in patients with steatosis/steatohepatitis from inception to July 2021 were identified by searching the PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases.

Ear tip ulcerative dermatitis treated with oclacitinib in 25 dogs: a retrospective case series.

Background: Ear tip ulcerative dermatitis (ETUD) is an uncommon clinical reaction pattern in canine dermatology. The lesions are suggestive of vascular damage which may be caused by inflammatory or noninflammatory diseases, and often are idiopathic. Therapeutic options for ETUD include topical glucocorticoids or tacrolimus, pentoxifylline, vitamin E, doxycycline, tetracycline and niacinamide, sulfonamides, glucocorticoids, ciclosporin and surgical correction.

GPS-profiling of retrograde navigational impairments associated with hippocampal lesion in homing pigeons.

The avian hippocampal formation (HF) is homologous to the mammalian hippocampus and plays a central role in the control of spatial cognition. In homing pigeons, HF supports navigation by familiar landmarks and landscape features. However, what has remained relatively unexplored is the importance of HF for the retention of previously acquired spatial information.

Gamma Knife Radiosurgery for Treatment of Brain Metastases during the COVID-19 Outbreak.

Introduction: The WHO declared 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) a public health emergency of international concern. The National and Regional Health System has been reorganized, and many oncological patients died during this period or had to interrupt their therapies. This study summarizes a single-centre experience, during the COVID-19 period in Italy, in the treatment of brain metastases with Gamma Knife stereotactic radiosurgery (GKRS).

Renal safety in 3264 HCV patients treated with DAA-based regimens: Results from a large Italian real-life study.

Background: Sofosbuvir (SOF)-based regimens have been associated with renal function worsening in HCV patients with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) ≤ 45 ml/min, but further investigations are lacking.

Aim: To assess renal safety in a large cohort of DAA-treated HCV patients with any chronic kidney disease (CKD).

Methods: All HCV patients treated with DAA in Lombardy (December 2014-November 2017) with available kidney function tests during and off-treatment were included.

Footpad peripheral ganglioneuroblastoma in a dog.

Background: Peripheral neuroblastic tumours arising from primitive cells of the cranial and spinal ganglia and from sympathetic ganglion cells of the autonomic nervous system include, from most to least differentiated, ganglioneuroma, ganglioneuroblastoma and neuroblastoma. Canine ganglioneuroblastoma has been described in the mediastinum, nasal and oral cavities, as well as in the brain.

Objective: To describe the clinical and histopathological findings, treatment and follow-up of a primary cutaneous ganglioneuroblastoma affecting the footpad of a dog.

Nasal Planum Vasculopathy in a Scottish Terrier Dog Treated with Ciclosporin and Endonasal Stents.

A two-year-old, intact female Scottish Terrier presented with one-and-a-half-year history of erosive and ulcerative lesions affecting the nasal planum. Clinical appearance, history, histopathology, and response to therapy were suggestive of a rare vasculopathy of the nasal planum that has been previously described in Scottish Terrier dogs. In previously published reports, medical treatments of the disease had failed, leading to euthanasia of five dogs, while a short-term follow-up was available for one case that was controlled with prednisolone and ciclosporin.

Ciclosporin and the cat: Current understanding and review of clinical use.

Unlabelled: Practical relevance: Ciclosporin (CsA) is a systemic immuno-modulatory drug widely used to treat immune-mediated diseases in humans and veterinary species. CsA was registered for use in cats in the USA and Europe in 2011, and is indicated for the treatment of chronic allergic dermatitis at a recommended daily dose of 7 mg/kg PO.

Audience: This review will be of interest to all veterinarians working with cats, given the wide range of potential applications of CsA and its safety profile.

Stevens-Johnson syndrome/toxic epidermal necrolysis caused by cefadroxil in a cat.

Case Summary: A 5-year-old, spayed female, indoor-only domestic shorthair cat was referred with an acute history of multifocal cutaneous and mucocutaneous erosive-ulcerative lesions and skin detachment. The lesions occurred on the seventh day of therapy with cefadroxil. Erosive-ulcerative and occasionally crusted lesions were apparent on the medial and lateral canthus of both eyes, ventral neck, abdomen, perivulvar region, periungual skin and medial aspect of the front and hindlimbs.

Risk of malignancies using anti-TNF agents in rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, and ankylosing spondylitis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Malignancies have been reported in patients with rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis, treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) agents. Areas covered: We conducted a systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to determine the effect of anti-TNF agents on the occurrence of cancer (any type). Literature databases were searched up to May 2014 to identify relevant studies that evaluated adalimumab, certolizumab, etanercept, golimumab, or infliximab, compared with placebo or no treatment.

A fatal case of Brazilian spotted fever in a non-endemic area in Brazil: the importance of having health professionals who understand the disease and its areas of transmission.

Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is caused by the bacterium Rickettsia rickettsii. Because of its high case-fatality rate and apparent increase in areas of transmission, it is considered to be the rickettsial illness of primary public health interest. Cases of this disease have historically occurred in Southeastern Brazil.

Antibodies for Rickettsia spp. in patients with negative serology for dengue virus, leptospirosis, and meningococcal disease in municipalities of São Paulo State, Brazil.

Introduction: Brazilian spotted fever is an infectious disease with a high mortality rate if not treated early. Differential diagnosis is difficult, as the first clinical signs are non-specific and can be confused with other diseases. The aim of the study was to investigate evidence of infection with Rickettsia rickettsii and Rickettsia parkeri in negative sera samples, collected in 2014, from patients with suspected leptospirosis, dengue fever, and meningococcal disease in Atibaia and Bragança Paulista municipalities of the State of São Paulo.

Accuracy of point of care ultrasound to identify the source of infection in septic patients: a prospective study.

Sepsis is a rapidly evolving disease with a high mortality rate. The early identification of sepsis and the implementation of early evidence-based therapies have been recognized to improve outcome and decrease sepsis-related mortality. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of the standard diagnostic work-up of septic patients with an integrated approach using early point of care ultrasound (POCUS) to identify the source of infection and to speed up the time to diagnosis.