Toll-Like Receptor 4 and 8 are Overexpressed in Lung Biopsies of Human Non-small Cell Lung Carcinoma.

Purpose: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death worldwide which includes two main types of carcinoma distinguished in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) involving epithelial cells, and small cell lung cancer (SCLC) affecting neuronal cells and hormone secreting cells. Studies have shown a causal link between inflammation/innate immunity and onset of NSCLC. The present study aimed to evaluate the expression of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 4 and TLR8 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) and in lung tissues of patients with NSCLC, useful for future prognostic tools for NSCLC.

Phrenoplasty Techniques for the Reconstruction of Basal Chest Wall Defects.

Background: Primary and secondary tumors of the abdominal lower third of the bony thorax are relatively rare. Therefore, indications and techniques for chest wall reconstructions in this area are not well defined.

Methods: The techniques for reconstructing basal chest wall defects using the diaphragm are described.

Enhanced motor noise in an autism subtype with poor motor skills.

Background: Motor difficulties are common in many, but not all, autistic individuals. These difficulties can co-occur with other problems, such as delays in language, intellectual, and adaptive functioning. Biological mechanisms underpinning such difficulties are less well understood.

Concomitant Intubation with Minimal Cuffed Tube and Rigid Bronchoscopy for Severe Tracheo-Carinal Obstruction.

Background: Our aim was to report on the use of an innovative technique for airway management utilizing a small diameter, short-cuffed, long orotracheal tube for assisting operative rigid bronchoscopy in critical airway obstruction.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the clinical data of 36 patients with life-threatening critical airway stenosis submitted for rigid bronchoscopy between January 2008 and July 2021. The supporting ventilatory tube, part of the Translaryngeal Tracheostomy KIT (Fantoni method), was utilized in tandem with the rigid bronchoscope during endoscopic airway reopening.

Exploring telediagnostic procedures in child neuropsychiatry: addressing ADHD diagnosis and autism symptoms through supervised machine learning.

Recently, there has been an increase in telemedicine applied to child neuropsychiatry, such as the use of online platforms to collect remotely case histories and demographic and behavioral information. In the present proof-of-concept study, we aimed to understand to what extent information parents and teachers provide through online questionnaires overlaps with clinicians' diagnostic conclusions on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Moreover, we intended to explore a possible role that autism spectrum disorders (ASD) symptoms played in this process.

Type A thymoma invading the trachea: a case report.

Thymomas generally grow applying pressure to the adjacent organs but they may infiltrate the capsule and extend directly to them. Invasion of the airway is extremely rare and generally related to high-grade thymomas. Few cases of thymoma with endobronchial polypoid growth and only one patient with tracheal invasion have been reported.

Prognostic Significance of Pulmonary Multifocal Neuroendocrine Proliferation With Typical Carcinoid.

Background: The clinical significance of multifocal pulmonary neuroendocrine proliferation (MNEP), including tumorlets and pulmonary neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia, in association with typical carcinoid (TC), is still debated.

Methods: We evaluated a retrospective series of TC with long-term follow-up data prospectively collected from 2 institutions and compared the outcome between TC alone and MNEP plus TC. Several baseline covariates were imbalanced between the MNEP plus TC and TC groups; therefore, we conducted 1:1 propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting in the full sample.

Rescue Tracheostomy for Patients With Unresectable Large Growing Neck Masses.

Most patients with undifferentiated thyroid cancer have unresectable disease with a very high rate of airway compromise. Tracheostomy typically entails technical issues in these cases. In fact, it can be very difficult to expose or simply locate the trachea beneath the mass, and the extensive soft tissue involvement can force the surgeon to cut the tumor to place the tracheostomy tube.

A risk stratification scheme for synchronous oligometastatic non-small cell lung cancer developed by a multicentre analysis.

Backgrounds: Oligometastatic Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) patients represent a category without a standard therapeutic approach. However, in selected oligometastatic NSCLC, radical surgery seems to offer a good prognosis. This retrospective study aimed to analyse the long-term outcomes of synchronous oligometastatic patients treated with curative intent and identify the factors associated with better results and the proposal of a risk stratification system for classifying the synchronous oligometastatic NSCLC.

Dynamic titanium prosthesis based on 3D-printed replica for chest wall resection and reconstruction.

3D-printing technologies can assist the surgical planning and prosthesis engineering for the management of extended chest wall resection. Different types of prosthesis have been utilized over time, but some concerns remain about their impact on the respiratory function. Here we present a new kind of 3D-printed titanium prosthesis designed to be either strong and flexible.

Microalbuminuria assessment after thoracic surgery: Early identification of complication risks.

Introduction: Microalbuminuria (MA) is considered a reflection of systemic capillary leak and an early marker of acute stress reaction to the surgical insult, proportional to the severity of the initiating condition and predictive of the individual response to surgical stress.

Objectives: We conducted a prospective study to assess for the variation of MA within 4 days after thoracic surgery. We correlated observed MA levels with both their respective PaO /FiO respiratory ratio and the onset of postoperative complications.

Stage-related outcome for thymic epithelial tumours.

Background: Thymic epithelial tumours (TETs) are characterized by a wide variety of biological behaviors. Radical resection and stage are strong prognostic factors. Aim of this study is to review our Single Center Experience.

Gait Pattern and Motor Performance During Discrete Gait Perturbation in Children With Autism Spectrum Disorders.

Quantitative evaluation of gait has been considered a useful tool with which to identify subtle signs of motor system peculiarities in autism spectrum disorder (ASD). However, there is a paucity of studies reporting gait data in ASD as well as investigating learning processes of locomotor activity. Novel advanced technologies that couple treadmills with virtual reality environments and motion capture systems allows the evaluation of gait patterns on multiple steps and the effects of induced gait perturbations, as well as the ability to manipulate visual and proprioceptive feedbacks.

Chest wall resection and reconstruction for tumors: analysis of oncological and functional outcome.

Background: Tumors of the chest wall have a large spectrum of well-assessed indications for resection. However, whether a reconstruction is required or not is not always clear. Complications after chest wall resection and reconstruction (CWRR) are described in literature and potentially severe.

Could thymomectomy be a reasonable option for non-myasthenic thymoma patients?

Background: Complete resection is the mainstay of treatment for thymoma, but few studies have investigated the extent of resection on normal thymus. Extended thymectomy is considered the treatment of choice for myasthenic patients with thymoma, while the optimal therapy for non-myasthenic patients is still a matter of debate. The aim of this retrospective study was to compare extended thymectomy thymomectomy in non-myasthenic thymoma patients for (I) oncological outcome, (II) multicentric thymoma occurrence and (III) postoperative myasthenia gravis (MG) development.

The potential relevance of docosahexaenoic acid and eicosapentaenoic acid to the etiopathogenesis of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders.

Over the last 15 years, considerable interest has been given to the potential role of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) for understanding pathogenesis and treatment of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. This review aims to systematically investigate the scientific evidence supporting the hypothesis on the omega-3 PUFAs deficit as a risk factor shared by different pediatric neuropsychiatric disorders. Medline PubMed database was searched for studies examining blood docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) status in children with neuropsychiatric disorders.

Malignant giant solitary fibrous tumor of the pleura metastatic to the thyroid gland.

Purpose: Solitary fibrous tumor (SFT) of the pleura is a rare mesenchymal neoplasm arising from mesenchymal cells in the areolar tissue subjacent to the mesothelial-lined pleura and accounting for less than 5% of primary pleural tumors. SFTs are generally benign and asymptomatic, with 10-year survival rates of up to 98%. Unfortunately, approximately 10% have malignant potential, leading to local recurrence after radical surgery and/or metastatic spread.

Experimental left pneumonectomy in pigs: procedure and management.

Background: Because there is no detailed description of procedures and perioperative management of major pulmonary resections in swine, we reviewed our experience to delineate the most effective practice in performing left pneumonectomy.

Materials And Methods: Analysis of 11 consecutive left pneumonectomies. Animal data, operative reports, anesthesia records, and perioperative facts were evaluated.

Mediastinitis and sternal prosthesis infection successfully treated by minimally invasive omental flap transposition.

Purulent mediastinitis is a possible serious complication after mediastinal surgery. We report the case of a localized sternal plasmocytoma treated by sternectomy and prosthetic repair, who needed a second surgery for a fistulizing mediastinitis. Five months earlier, in another Hospital, the patient underwent sternal resection and reconstruction with a "sandwich" prosthesis (Methyl-methacrylate and Marlex mesh).