Hypothesized pharmacogenomic and medication influences on tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol metabolism in a cohort of unselected oral cannabis users.

Background: Differences in cannabinoid metabolism and patient responses can arise even with equivalent doses and formulations. Genetic polymorphisms in genes responsible for cannabinoid metabolism and medications that alter CYP450 pathways responsible for metabolism of cannabinoids may account for some of this variability.

Materials And Methods: A retrospective chart review was conducted on a cohort of unselected patients who had previously completed pharmacogenomic testing and reported oral cannabis use, as defined as "oral" or "by mouth" route of administration.

Longitudinal Progression of Patients with Long COVID Treated in a Post-COVID Clinic: A Cross-Sectional Survey.

Background: In addition to the morbidity and mortality associated with acute infection, COVID-19 has been associated with persistent symptoms (>30 days), often referred to as Long COVID (LC). LC symptoms often cluster into phenotypes, resembling conditions such as fibromyalgia, postural orthostatic tachycardiac syndrome (POTS), and myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS). LC clinics have been established to best address the needs of LC patients and continuity of care.

Pro Inflammatory Cytokines Profiles of Patients With Long COVID Differ Between Variant Epochs.

Background: Over 30% of patients with COVID-19 have persistent symptoms that last beyond 30 days and referred to as Long COVID. Long COVID has been associated with a persistent elevation in peripheral cytokines including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor-α. This study reports cytokine profiles of patients in our clinic across SARS-COV-2 variant epochs.

Inflammatory Arthritis After COVID-19: A Case Series.

BACKGROUND Some patients who have recovered from acute infection with SARS-CoV-2 develop persistent symptoms that have been termed post-COVID syndrome (PoCoS). PoCoS can affect the musculoskeletal system, with arthralgia and myalgia being common. Preliminary evidence suggests that PoCoS is an immune-mediated condition that not only predisposes but also precipitates pre-existing inflammatory joint diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and reactive arthritis.

Osteonecrosis in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Clinical Features, Risk Factor Analysis, and Outcomes.

Background: Avascular necrosis (AVN) is a known adverse event associated with corticosteroid (CS) usage. Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is often treated with a CS for induction of remission. We sought to describe clinical features and outcomes of IBD patients with AVN.

A Rare Case of Transposition of Great Arteries Uncovered With Progressive Rheumatic Aortic Stenosis.

The authors describe a case of transposition of great arteries with a large atrial septal defect with fusion of tricuspid valve leaflets and severe aortic stenosis. The latter two were likely rheumatic in etiology. The patient's condition improved after atrial switch and aortic valve replacement surgery.

Incidence and Outcomes of Home Parenteral Nutrition in Patients With Crohn Disease in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Background: We sought to estimate the incidence of home parenteral nutrition (HPN) use in a population-based cohort of patients with Crohn disease (CD), and to assess clinical outcomes and complications associated with HPN.

Methods: We used the Rochester Epidemiology Project (REP) to identify residents of Olmsted County, who were diagnosed with CD between 1970 and 2011, and required HPN.

Results: Fourteen out of 429 patients (3.

Outcome of endoscopic resection of colonic polyps larger than 10 mm in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

 There are limited published data on endoscopic removal of colorectal polyps by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and endoscopic mucosal dissection (ESD) in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).  We performed a retrospective review of patients with colonic IBD and colonic polyps >10mm who underwent EMR and/or ESD at our institution between January 1, 2012 and June 31, 2016.  Ninety-seven patients with pathology-confirmed IBD (median disease duration 16 years) were included.

Hyperglycemia During Home Parenteral Nutrition Administration in Patients Without Diabetes.

Background: Parenteral nutrition (PN) is a life-sustaining therapy in appropriate clinical settings. In the hospital setting, some nondiabetic patients develop hyperglycemia and subsequently require long-term insulin while receiving PN. Whether similar hyperglycemia is seen in the outpatient setting is unclear.

Effect of Medications on Risk of Cancer in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: A Population-Based Cohort Study from Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Objectives: To estimate the overall risk of cancer in a population-based cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and how IBD-related medications modify this risk.

Methods: We identified all incident cancers (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) after IBD diagnosis in a cohort of 839 patients diagnosed as having IBD from January 1, 1940, through December 31, 2004, in Olmsted County, Minnesota, and followed up for a median 18 years through December 31, 2011 (122 patients taking biologic agents at last follow-up). We calculated standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) with 95% CIs of all cancers and compared cancer risk in patients treated with immunomodulators (IMMs) and biologics with that of patients not exposed to these medications, using an incidence rate ratio (IRR).

Hidradenitis Suppurativa in Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Population-Based Cohort Study in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Background & Aims: Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may be at higher risk for hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). We studied the risk and clinical characteristics of HS in a population-based cohort of patients with IBD.

Methods: We identified all cases of HS (confirmed by biopsy and/or dermatologic evaluation) in a population-based inception cohort of Olmsted County, Minnesota, residents diagnosed with IBD between 1970 and 2004 and followed up through August 2013.

A population-based study of incidence, risk factors, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of ischemic colitis.

Background & Aims: Little is known about progression of ischemic colitis (IC) among unselected patients. We aimed to estimate the incidence, risk factors, and natural history of IC in a population-based cohort in Olmsted County, Minnesota.

Methods: We performed a retrospective population-based cohort and nested case-control study of IC.

The rationale for combining an online audiovisual curriculum with simulation to better educate general surgery trainees.

Background: Surgery interns' training has historically been weighted toward patient care, operative observation, and sleeping when possible. With more protected free time and less clinical time, real educational hours for trainees in 2013 are precious.

Methods: We created a 20-session (3 hours each) simulation curriculum (with pre- and post-tests) and a 24/7 online audiovisual (AV) curriculum for surgery interns.

Cumulative incidence and risk factors for hospitalization and surgery in a population-based cohort of ulcerative colitis.

Background: We sought to identify clinical and demographic features influencing hospitalization and colectomy in a population-based inception cohort of ulcerative colitis.

Methods: Between 1970 and 2004, a total of 369 patients (58.5% males) from Olmsted County, MN, were followed from diagnosis for 5401 person-years.

Inflammatory bowel disease is associated with an increased risk of melanoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background & Aims: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) has been associated with an increased risk of nonmelanoma skin cancer, particularly among patients treated with thiopurines. It is unclear whether IBD affects risk for melanoma. We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies to determine the risk of melanoma in patients with IBD.

Predictors of chronic groin discomfort after laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal inguinal hernia repair.

Background: Chronic groin discomfort is an undesired complication of laparoscopic totally extraperitoneal (TEP) inguinal hernia repairs. We examined whether perioperative factors may be associated with an increased risk of developing this problem and if their recognition could lead to preventive strategies.

Study Design: We performed a retrospective review of 1 surgeon's experience with 1,479 TEP repairs on 976 patients from 1995 to 2009.