Diversity of bradyrhizobial T3SS systems and their roles in symbiosis with peanut () and species ( and ).

Symbiosis between strains isolated from Lao People's Democratic Republic (Lao PDR) and intercropped legumes (, , and ) was regulated by the type III secretion system (T3SS), which delivers effector proteins (T3Es) into host plant cells to modulate nodulation. To explore this mechanism, we sequenced and analyzed seven genomes, identifying putative T3Es across five T3SS groups (G.1-G.

Staging classification of atypical ulnar fractures.

Unlabelled: Atypical ulnar fractures (AUFs) are rare fractures associated with long-term bisphosphonate use; their progression pattern is not understood. This study classified AUFs based on imaging characteristics, revealing a progression from cortical bone thickening to complete fractures with osteosclerosis over time. This classification may assist in determining appropriate treatments for AUFs.

Elucidation of the symbiotic incompatibility mechanisms between a and ORS3257 mediated by nodulation outer protein P2.

ORS3257 is an efficient symbiotic strain for and but fails with due to an effector-triggered immunity response mediated by the nodulation outer protein P2 (NopP2). To understand this incompatibility, we identified NopP2 interacting proteins in cv. KPS1, including enolase, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), monodehydroascorbate reductase (MDHAR), and serine hydroxymethyltransferase (SHMT) as targets.

Long-term efficacy of subclavian vein stenting in a patient on hemodialysis complicated by stasis dermatitis due to subclavian vein stenosis.

Unlabelled: Data about the long-term safety and efficacy of stent implantation for central venous stenosis in patients on dialysis are limited. We report the case of a 66-year-old man on hemodialysis for end-stage renal disease who presented with stasis dermatitis around an arteriovenous shunt with ulceration of the left forearm. Computed tomography angiography showed a tight stenosis of the proximal left subclavian vein and the development of collateral blood vessels around the stenosis.

Toll-like receptor 3 signaling induces interferon-induced transmembrane protein 1 in BEAS-2B cells.

The human bronchial epithelium plays a crucial role in mediating antiviral immune reactions. When double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) binds to the receptor named Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, activation of antiviral innate immune reactions is initiated by producing interferon (IFN) type I. Then, type I IFN promotes the transcription of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs).

Changes in tendon length and excursion following extensor tendon grafting at the distal radioulnar joint.

IV.

Glomerular endothelial expression of type I IFN-stimulated gene, DExD/H-Box helicase 60 via toll-like receptor 3 signaling: possible involvement in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.

Background: Sustained type I interferon (IFN) activation Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, 7 and 9 signaling has been reported to play a pivotal role in the development of lupus nephritis (LN). Although type I IFN activation has been shown to induce interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) expression in systemic lupus erythematosus, the implication of ISGs expression in intrinsic glomerular cells remains largely unknown.

Methods: We treated cultured human glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly IC), R848, and CpG (TLR3, TLR7, and TLR9 agonists, respectively) and analyzed the expression of DExD/H-Box Helicase 60 (DDX60), a representative ISG, using quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and western blotting.

Phenolic Acids Induce Nod Factor Production in Lotus japonicus-Mesorhizobium Symbiosis.

In legume-rhizobia symbiosis, partner recognition and the initiation of symbiosis processes require the mutual exchange of chemical signals. Chemicals, generally (iso)flavonoids, in the root exudates of the host plant induce the expression of nod genes in rhizobia, and, thus, are called nod gene inducers. The expression of nod genes leads to the production of lipochitooligosaccharides (LCOs) called Nod factors.

Sphingomyelin Phosphodiesterase Acid-Like 3b is Essential for Toll-Like Receptor 3 Signaling in Human Podocytes.

Recent studies have revealed the importance of cell membrane stability in normal cell function. Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase acid-like 3b (SMPDL3b), a lipid modifying enzyme that converts sphingomyelin to ceramide in the cell membrane, is expressed in macrophages and regulates Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4 signaling by altering cell membrane fluidity. SMPDL3b is also expressed in human podocytes, which are involved in the pathogenesis of several glomerular diseases such as diabetic kidney disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, and idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in children; however, the role of SMPDL3b in podocyte innate immunity is unclear.

Oligomerized polyphenols in lychee fruit extract supplements may improve high-intensity exercise performance in male athletes: a pilot study.

Purpose: Excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced by prolonged high-intensity exercise can cause structural and functional damage. Antioxidant polyphenol supplementation, which reduces ROS levels, may improve high-intensity exercise performance. We evaluated the effect of lychee fruit extract, which contains high levels of low-molecular-weight oligomerized polyphenols, on high-intensity exercise performance.

Nitric Oxide Detoxification by Mesorhizobium loti Affects Root Nodule Symbiosis with Lotus japonicus.

Root nodule symbiosis between legumes and rhizobia involves nitric oxide (NO) regulation by both the host plant and symbiotic rhizobia. However, the mechanisms by which the rhizobial control of NO affects root nodule symbiosis in Lotus japonicus are unknown. Therefore, we herein investigated the effects of enhanced NO removal by Mesorhizobium loti on symbiosis with L.

Prevalence and associated factors of primary elbow osteoarthritis in the Japanese general elderly population: a Japanese cohort survey randomly sampled from a basic resident registry.

Background: The epidemiology of primary elbow osteoarthritis (PEOA) remains unknown. We aimed to evaluate the prevalence and associated factors of PEOA in a cross-sectional resident cohort from a municipal registry of a Japanese town.

Methods: A total of 415 residents over 50 years of age were randomly sampled from a Japanese town and were adjusted for age and gender.

Imeglimin prevents heart failure with preserved ejection fraction by recovering the impaired unfolded protein response in mice subjected to cardiometabolic stress.

The pathogenesis of heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) in obese diabetic patients has been implicated in metainflammation. Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and dysfunction of the unfolded protein response (UPR), especially inositol-requiring enzyme 1α-X-box binding protein 1 (IRE1α-Xbp1s) signaling in the heart, have been associated with HFpEF. We investigated the effect of imeglimin, a potential new treatment for type 2 diabetes, on the pathogenesis of HFpEF.

Expression of IFN-induced transmembrane protein 1 in glomerular endothelial cells.

Background: Glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) are directly exposed to circulating viral particles in the glomerulus. Although viral infections may trigger the development of acute kidney injury or the worsening of pre-existing chronic kidney disease, the specific molecular mechanisms underlying antiviral reactions via the activation of endothelial Toll-like receptor 3 signaling in the kidney remain to be determined. Interferon (IFN)-induced transmembrane protein 1 (IFITM1), a member of interferon-stimulated gene protein family, is involved in the prevention of viral entry into cerebral vascular endothelial cells, respiratory epithelial cells, and endometrium.

IFIT Proteins Are Involved in CXCL10 Expression in Human Glomerular Endothelial Cells Treated with a Toll-Like Receptor 3 Agonist.

Introduction: Various viruses including a novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) can infect the kidney. When viruses invade the glomeruli from the bloodstream, glomerular endothelial cells (GECs) initiate the innate immune reactions. We investigated the expression of interferon (IFN)-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats (IFIT) 1/2/3, antiviral molecules, in human GECs treated with a toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 agonist.

Novel Anti-CD70 Antibody Drug Conjugate for the Treatment of Adult T-Cell Leukemia (ATL).

Background/aim: Adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) is a hematological malignancy caused by infection with human T-cell leukemia virus type 1 (HTLV-1). Chemotherapy, antibody therapy, and bone marrow transplantation are used to treat this disease, however, median survival time has not been significantly improved. Our aim was to develop and evaluate a novel antibody-drug conjugate (ADC) with regards to cell cytotoxicity and target specificity.

Prevalence and Risk Factors of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome in Japanese Aged 50 to 89 Years.

Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) is the most common entrapment neuropathy worldwide, but there are few reports investigating its prevalence using subjects diagnosed by both clinical symptoms and nerve conduction studies (NCSs) in a population-based cohort. This study aimed to determine the epidemiology of CTS diagnosed by sensory disturbance findings and NCSs using a randomly sampled resident population. Subjects aged between 50 and 89 years were randomly sampled from the basic resident registry of a rural Japanese town.