Optimal Timing of Percutaneous Cholecystostomy across Different Grades of Acute Cholecystitis: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

Purpose: To investigate the effect of percutaneous cholecystostomy (PC) tube placement timing on clinical outcomes in patients with Grade I-III acute cholecystitis (AC) who did not undergo surgery.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective single-center cohort study included patients with AC who initially underwent PC between October 2018 and December 2022. The following outcomes were analyzed: (a) rate of all-cause in-hospital mortality (IHM), (b) length of hospital stay (LOS), (c) duration of intensive care unit stay, and (d) rate of recurrence, which were correlated with clinical and procedural characteristics, disease severity, and PC timing.

A vision transformer-convolutional neural network framework for decision-transparent dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry recommendations using chest low-dose CT.

Objective: This study introduces an ensemble framework that integrates Vision Transformer (ViT) and Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) models to leverage their complementary strengths, generating visualized and decision-transparent recommendations for dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scans from chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).

Methods: The framework was developed using data from 321 individuals and validated with an independent test cohort of 186 individuals. It addresses two classification tasks: (1) distinguishing normal from abnormal bone mineral density (BMD) and (2) differentiating osteoporosis from non-osteoporosis.

IL-19 as a promising theranostic target to reprogram the glioblastoma immunosuppressive microenvironment.

Background: Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is an aggressive brain tumor with chemoresistant, immunosuppressive, and invasive properties. Despite standard therapies, including surgery, radiotherapy, and temozolomide (TMZ) chemotherapy, tumors inevitably recur in the peritumoral region. Targeting GBM-mediated immunosuppressive and invasive properties is a promising strategy to improve clinical outcomes.

Ischemia-reperfusion injury in a salvaged penumbra: Longitudinal high-tesla perfusion magnetic resonance imaging in a rat model.

Introduction: Although ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury varies between cortical and subcortical regions, its effects on specific regions remain unclear. In this study, we used various magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques to examine the spatiotemporal dynamics of I/R injury within the salvaged ischemic penumbra (IP) and reperfused ischemic core (IC) of a rodent model, with the aim of enhancing therapeutic strategies by elucidating these dynamics.

Materials And Methods: A total of 17 Sprague-Dawley rats were subjected to 1 h of transient middle cerebral artery occlusion with a suture model.

Estimating the volume of penumbra in rodents using DTI and stack-based ensemble machine learning framework.

Background: This study investigates the potential of diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) in identifying penumbral volume (PV) compared to the standard gadolinium-required perfusion-diffusion mismatch (PDM), utilizing a stack-based ensemble machine learning (ML) approach with enhanced explainability.

Methods: Sixteen male rats were subjected to middle cerebral artery occlusion. The penumbra was identified using PDM at 30 and 90 min after occlusion.

A prospective reappraisal of motor outcome prediction in patients with acute stroke by using atlas-based diffusion tensor imaging biomarkers.

Background: Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) biomarkers can be used to quantify microstructural changes in the cerebral white matter (WM) following injury.

Objectives: This prospective single-center study aimed to evaluate whether atlas-based DTI-derived metrics obtained within 1 week after stroke can predict the motor outcome at 3 months.

Methods: Forty patients with small acute stroke (2-7 days after onset) involving the corticospinal tract were included.

Thalamocortical coherence predicts persistent postconcussive symptoms.

The pathogenetic mechanism of persistent post-concussive symptoms (PCS) following concussion remains unclear. Thalamic damage is known to play a role in PCS prolongation while the evidence and biomarkers that trigger persistent PCS have never been elucidated. We collected longitudinal neuroimaging and behavior data from patients and rodents after concussion, complemented with rodents' histological staining data, to unravel the early biomarkers of persistent PCS.

Automatic segmentation and radiomic texture analysis for osteoporosis screening using chest low-dose computed tomography.

Objective: This study developed a diagnostic tool combining machine learning (ML) segmentation and radiomic texture analysis (RTA) for bone density screening using chest low-dose computed tomography (LDCT).

Methods: A total of 197 patients who underwent LDCT followed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry were analyzed. First, an autosegmentation model was trained using LDCT to delineate the thoracic vertebral body (VB).

Identification of Differentially Expressed Genes in Different Glioblastoma Regions and Their Association with Cancer Stem Cell Development and Temozolomide Response.

The molecular heterogeneity of gene expression profiles of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are the most important prognostic factors for tumor recurrence and drug resistance. Thus, the aim of this study was to identify potential target genes related to temozolomide (TMZ) resistance and GBM recurrence. The genomic data of patients with GBM from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA; 154 primary and 13 recurrent tumors) and a local cohort (29 primary and 4 recurrent tumors), samples from different tumor regions from a local cohort (29 tumor and 25 peritumoral regions), and Gene Expression Omnibus data (GSE84465, single-cell RNA sequencing; 3589 cells) were included in this study.

Machine Learning-Based Radiomics Signatures for EGFR and KRAS Mutations Prediction in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Early identification of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) mutations is crucial for selecting a therapeutic strategy for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). We proposed a machine learning-based model for feature selection and prediction of EGFR and KRAS mutations in patients with NSCLC by including the least number of the most semantic radiomics features. We included a cohort of 161 patients from 211 patients with NSCLC from The Cancer Imaging Archive (TCIA) and analyzed 161 low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) images for detecting EGFR and KRAS mutations.

Added Value of Rescue Devices in Intra-Arterial Thrombectomy: When Should We Apply Them?

Recent trials have demonstrated the superior efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy over other medical treatments for acute ischemic stroke; however, not every large vessel occlusion (LVO) can be recanalized using a single thrombectomy device. Rescue devices were proved to increase the reperfusion rate, but the efficacy is unclear. In this retrospective study, we evaluated the efficacy of rescue therapy in different locations of LVO.

Diffusion Tensor Imaging of the Spinal Cord.

Spinal cord often is regarded as one of the last territories in the central nervous system where diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) can be used to probe white matter architecture. This article reviews current progress in spinal cord DTI, starting with anatomic properties and technical challenges that make spinal cord DTI a difficult task. Several possibilities offered by advanced pulse sequences that might overcome the difficulties are addressed, with associated trade-offs and limitations.

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization improves the resectability of malignant breast phyllodes tumor with angiosarcoma component: a case report.

Background: A giant phyllodes tumor of the breast is a rare fibroepithelial lesion, and its treatment is controversial. Many case reports have reported performing skin graft reconstruction after tumor excision. Chest wall resection may be required if the tumor has invaded the chest muscle layer.

First-Line A Direct Aspiration First-Pass Technique vs. First-Line Stent Retriever for Acute Ischemic Stroke Therapy: A Meta-Analysis.

Recent trials have proved the efficacy of mechanical thrombectomy over medical treatment for patients with acute ischemic stroke, with the balance of equivalent rates of adverse events. Stent retrievers were applied predominantly in most trials; however, the role of other thrombectomy devices has not been well validated. A direct aspiration first-pass technique (ADAPT) is proposed to be a faster thrombectomy technique than the stent retriever technique.

Machine Learning-Based Radiomics for Molecular Subtyping of Gliomas.

The new classification announced by the World Health Organization in 2016 recognized five molecular subtypes of diffuse gliomas based on isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and 1p/19q genotypes in addition to histologic phenotypes. We aim to determine whether clinical MRI can stratify these molecular subtypes to benefit the diagnosis and monitoring of gliomas. The data from 456 subjects with gliomas were obtained from The Cancer Imaging Archive.

Secondary pallidonigral degeneration mimicking recurrent acute stroke in clinical presentation and magnetic resonance imaging: a case report.

Background: Secondary pallidonigral transneuronal degeneration after a remote primary cerebral infarct can mimic recurrent stroke at clinical presentation. We describe a patient with secondary pallidonigral degeneration following a previous putaminal infarct, which was diagnosed through diffusion-weighted (DWI) and T2-weighted imaging (T2WI).

Case Presentation: A 64-year-old man complained of an acute relapse of right-lower-limb weakness following a cerebral infarction 2 months before presentation.

Recurrent nonconvulsive status epilepticus in a patient with progressive left hemispheric leukoencephalopathy after a remote viral meningoencephalitis.

Nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), defined as changes in behavior and/or mental processes from baseline with continuous epileptiform discharges, remains a diagnostic and treatment challenge. Here, we present a 68-year-old female who developed 3 episodes of NCSE 10 years after a viral meningoencephalitis which gradually progressed to left hemispheric leukoencephalopathy. In this case, we hypothesize that immune-mediated mechanisms and perhaps genetic predisposition played a role in epileptogenesis, and these will be discussed.

Bilateral neuralgic amyotrophy presenting with left vocal cord and phrenic nerve paralysis.

This article reports the difference between neuralgic amyotrophy and neuropathy caused by chemotherapy and radiation treatment which manifested with severe shoulder pain followed by marked weakness of bilateral upper arms and involvement of cranial nerves. A 62-year-old man presented with acute severe neuropathic pain at the left shoulder, bilateral shoulder weakness, hoarseness of voice from vocal cord palsy, and respiratory insufficiency from left diaphragm palsy, which all occurred sequentially over a 1-month period. The diagnosis of neuralgic amyotrophy was supported and differentiated from tumor-induced and radiation-induced neuropathy by clinical presentation, electrophysiologic and imaging studies.

Second-trimester diagnosis of complete trisomy 9 associated with abnormal maternal serum screen results, open sacral spina bifida and congenital diaphragmatic hernia, and review of the literature.

Objectives: To present the prenatal diagnosis of complete trisomy 9 and to review the literature

Case: A 25-year-old primigravida woman was referred for amniocentesis at 19 weeks' gestation because of abnormal maternal screen results showing an elevated maternal serum alpha-fetoprotein (MSAFP) level and a low maternal serum free beta-human chorionic gonadotrophin (MSfreebeta-hCG) level.

Results: Genetic amniocentesis revealed a karyotype of 47,XX,+9 in the amniocytes and an elevated amniotic fluid AFP level. Ultrasonography demonstrated intrauterine growth restriction, left congenital diaphragmatic hernia, fetal ascites, a sacral spina bifida, a horseshoe kidney, and absence of amniotic fluid.

Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis and single central maxillary incisor: preoperative evaluation with three-dimensional computed tomography.

Background And Purpose: Congenital nasal pyriform aperture stenosis (CNPAS) is an uncommon cause of nasal airway obstruction in neonates and infants. It is frequently associated with a single central maxillary incisor (SCMI). The purpose of this study was to assess whether 3-dimensional spiral computed tomography (3D spiral CT) could be used for the diagnosis of CNPAS and for detecting SCMI in CNPAS patients before tooth eruption.