How menopause symptoms shape experiences of the criminal legal system: A qualitative study across the United States.

Introduction: The number of midlife individuals involved in the criminal legal system has increased significantly in recent decades. Despite this growth, little is known about the ways in which experiences of midlife, including the menopause transition, shape experiences within the criminal legal system. This study explores the intersection between people's experiences of menopause and experiences of the criminal legal system.

Lipoxins as Modulators of Diseases.

Lipoxins were discovered 40 years ago, and since then, their beneficial roles for human health have been confirmed in numerous studies. These small molecules belong to the eicosanoid class of compounds, which are generated metabolically by lipoxygenases. Lipoxins are released during various diseases and conditions, including but not limited to systemic inflammation, infection, asthma, cancer, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders.

The Influence of Depression, Positive Health Behaviors, and Weight Status on Glycated Hemoglobin: A Sequential Mediation Analysis of the INDEPENDENT Trial.

Background: Collaborative care models (CoCM) improve both depression and cardiometabolic outcomes, but the mechanisms driving these effects remain unclear.

Objective: To determine whether changes in depressive symptoms, positive health behaviors (PHBs), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference mediate the effect of an adapted CoCM on glycemic control among adults with cardiometabolic risk in India.

Design: Longitudinal structural equation modeling of data from the INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes TreatmENT (INDEPENDENT) Randomized Control Trial.

Reproductive history, menopause and cardiometabolic health in women: a multicountry analysis.

Background: We investigated the association of reproductive history with cardiometabolic health in ethnically diverse women across five continents.

Methods: We pooled cross-sectional survey data on non-pregnant women aged 30-49 years from 15 countries. Multilevel models were used to examine associations between menopausal status, age at first birth (≥20 vs <20 years), parity (1, 2, 3, 4+ vs 0 births) and cardiometabolic indicators: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), adjusting for age and socioeconomic status.

Resveratrol's Multifaceted Potential in Alzheimer's Disease: Insights from Preclinical and Clinical Evidence.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a devastating neurodegenerative disorder characterized by amyloid-beta (Aβ) plaques, neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), and neuroinflammation, leading to progressive cognitive decline. Research has increasingly emphasized the importance of a nutritious diet rich in phytochemicals that promotes brain health and potentially mitigates the risk or progression of neurodegenerative diseases, such as AD. Resveratrol (RSV), a natural polyphenol with known anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiapoptotic, and neuroprotective properties, has thus garnered significant attention.

Studies on the Mechanism of Styrene Elimination from Sulfilimines: Hammett and Kinetic Isotope Effect Analysis and Computation.

-Acylsulfenamides can be efficiently prepared by a one-pot synthetic sequence via -functionalization of -acyl -phenethyl sulfenamides, utilizing diverse (hetero)aryl and alkenyl iodide and boronic acid inputs to give sulfilimines that then undergo concerted elimination of styrene. To probe the mechanism of styrene elimination from sulfilimines, a Hammett analysis was performed with substituents placed on both the -aryl and -phenethyl groups. Positive Hammett ρ values established a modest negative charge build up at both positions, with greater charge buildup at the phenethyl site.

Implementation and performance of a nurse administered modified PEN-FAST clinical decision rule in the electronic health record.

Objective: To evaluate performance of registered nurse assessments of the PEN-FAST penicillin allergy clinical decision rule compared to antimicrobial stewardship pharmacists.

Design: Prospective, blinded, non-interventional, quality assurance study.

Setting: This study took place across 4 inpatient hospitals within a large health system in Houston, Texas.

Critical Results Notification System in the Electronic Health Record: Advancing Radiology and Patient Care.

Rationale And Objectives: The Joint Commission identifies timely reporting as a major failure in medical care, making it a National Patient Safety Goal (NPSGs). There is an urgent need for efficient systems to improve communication.

Objective: To develop and implement an electronic Critical Result (CR) notification system for radiology reports that aligns with the Joint Commission's NPSG-2 goals by tracking and reducing turnaround times (TATs).

Subtypes of Type 2 Diabetes and Prediabetes: Mortality and Excess Life Lost in South Asians.

Background: Current definitions of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and prediabetes do not capture their pathophysiological heterogeneity. We investigated data-driven subtypes of T2D and prediabetes and evaluated their associations with mortality.

Methods: We analyzed data from 14,306 South Asian participants from the CArdiometabolic Risk Reduction cohort using unsupervised k-means clustering based on five variables: age, BMI, HbA1c, insulin resistance, and beta-cell dysfunction.

ApoE3 Christchurch and tau interaction as a protective mechanism against Alzheimer's disease.

Introduction: We described a protected case with familial Alzheimer's disease, homozygous for apolipoprotein E3 (APOE3) Christchurch variant (ApoE3Ch), exhibiting low tau protein levels despite genetic predisposition to the disease due to presenilin (PSEN)1-E280A. We reported the loss of interaction between ApoE3Ch and heparan sulfate proteoglycans (HSPGs) as a critical protective pathway. Here, we characterized differential interacting partners for both wild-type and Christchurch variants to identify additional protective mechanisms of ApoE3Ch.

New Multiparameter Index Is a Strong Predictor of Oral Bioavailability for Heterobifunctional Degraders.

Ligand-directed degraders (LDDs) are heterobifunctional molecules that degrade proteins by engaging the ubiquitin-protein-ligase (E3) system. LDDs (also known as proteolysis-targeting chimeras) consist of a target-engaging moiety, an E3 ligase-binding moiety, and a bridging linker. Due to their size and physicochemical complexity, these molecules do not adhere to well-established rules of lead optimization.

Does home-based screening improve hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control? A regression discontinuity analysis in urban India.

As part of India's efforts to expand primary healthcare services, several state governments are implementing or considering home-based hypertension screening programmes to improve population-wide diagnosis and blood pressure (BP) control rates. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of home-based screening programmes in India. Using six waves of population-representative cohort data (N=15574), we estimate the causal effect of a home-based hypertension screening intervention on diagnosis, treatment, and BP using a novel application of the Regression Discontinuity Design.

Effect of oral treatment with quercetin on inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.

Background: Airway inflammation plays a major role in the development and progression of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Quercetin, which has potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties reduces lung inflammation in mice displaying COPD-like lung disease. Previously we showed that quercetin was safely tolerated up to 2000 mg/day.

Meta-analysis for alterations of IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme B levels in vitiligo patients.

Background: Vitiligo is a chronic autoimmune skin depigmenting condition. IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme B play key roles in vitiligo pathogenesis, some findings suggest their roles may be contradictory.

Objective: We aimed to assess IFN-γ, TNF-α and granzyme B levels in blood and skin of vitiligo patients using a meta-analysis approach.

Within-partner concordance of hypertension and overweight/obesity among sexual minority couples.

Purpose: The role of partners on an individual's cardiometabolic risk status in same-sex relationships is underexplored to date, despite significant health disparities impacting sexual minority individuals. This study investigated cardiometabolic risk concordance in same-sex older adult couples in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of seven study waves of the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Survey (2006-2019) and estimated concordance of hypertension and overweight/obesity among same-sex couples.

Smell and Taste Impairments in Head and Neck Cancer Patients-A Scoping Review.

Head and neck cancer affects millions worldwide. The risk factors are numerous, including smoking, alcohol consumption, and human papillomavirus to name a few. While improved preventative, diagnostic, and treatment methods have decreased mortality rates, the treatments (chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or surgery) often result in smell and/or taste impairments.

Colonic Stenting Before Endoscopic Ultrasound-Guided Enterocolostomy in Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction.

Malignant Small Bowel Obstruction (MSBO) is a debilitating complication of intra-abdominal malignancies, characterized by symptoms such as intractable nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. Surgical intervention may become necessary for symptom management if conservative measures fail, although it carries a significant risk of postoperative morbidity. Endoscopic ultrasound-guided enterocolostomy is an emerging alternative for palliative management of MSBO when other surgical or endoscopic interventions are not feasible or have failed.

Association of age at menarche with type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban Indian women: results from the CARRS study.

Background: Early onset of menarche is associated with hormonal alterations that may predispose women to diabetes. We investigated the association between age at menarche and incident diabetes in India, a setting with declining menarche age and increasing burden of diabetes.

Methods: Data were from the Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia study.

The dynamic impact of community social vulnerability on COVID-19 outcomes: A census tract-level analysis of Fulton County, GA.

Background: COVID-19 case and death rates have been variable across geography and time; an understanding of community social vulnerability and variation in COVID-19 outcomes is needed to better respond to acute public health needs and prioritize post-pandemic recovery.

Methods: We analyzed records of confirmed COVID-19 cases (N = 106,037) and deaths (N = 2,107) in Fulton County, Georgia, from 3/4/2020 to 11/11/2021. We developed the Social Vulnerability Index-Plus (SVI+) as a composite measure of 19 census tract-level social and health indicators summarizing community vulnerability.

Atypical Presentation of Duodenal Atresia in a Newborn With Trisomy 21: A Simulated Case Report and Narrative Review.

Duodenal atresia has a strong association with chromosomal anomalies, particularly trisomy 21. Duodenal atresia is identified prenatally in up to 60% of cases, and intestinal obstructions often present with signs, including difficulty feeding, emesis (particularly in the first 24 to 48 hours of life), abdominal distension, and inability to pass meconium in the immediate postnatal period. In this article, we present a simulated case of a neonate with trisomy 21 who presented at age 2 weeks for evaluation of poor weight gain and feeding intolerance and was diagnosed with duodenal atresia.

Advanced therapeutic strategies using Thermo-sensitive chitosan/pectin hydrogel in the treatment of multiple cancers.

Current cancer therapies including immunotherapy and chemotherapy produce adverse side effects that demand improved drug distribution methods. Research shows that thermosensitive chitosan/pectin-based hydrogels serve as an effective platform technology for drug delivery during cancer therapy because of their ability to control drug release at specific locations. The hydrogels perform temperature-triggered sol-gel phase shifts which enables prolonged drug delivery together with minimal toxic side effects.

Astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1) in myeloid cells is a key driver for the development of chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy.

Chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN) is a dose-limiting side effect of chemotherapy treatment, often resulting in the discontinuation of treatment. Paclitaxel activates peripheral macrophages, generating a neuroinflammatory response that contributes to CIPN development and maintenance. Astrocyte Elevated Gene-1 (AEG-1), also known as Metadherin or LYRIC, is a multifunctional protein that modulates macrophage activity and regulates inflammation through direct interaction with NF-κB, a transcriptional regulator of proinflammatory cytokine/chemokine (PIC) expression.

Cardiometabolic Risk Clusters and Their Reproductive Correlates: A Latent Class Analysis of Indian Women.

Background: Cardiometabolic conditions are rising among women in low- and middle-income countries and appearing at younger ages. The role of female reproductive characteristics in cardiometabolic risk is not well understood.

Methods: We analyzed seven reproductive characteristics and seven cardiometabolic indicators obtained from 644,191 non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years in the 2019-2021 India National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-5).