The Influence of Depression, Positive Health Behaviors, and Weight Status on Glycated Hemoglobin: A Sequential Mediation Analysis of the INDEPENDENT Trial.

Background: Collaborative care models (CoCM) improve both depression and cardiometabolic outcomes, but the mechanisms driving these effects remain unclear.

Objective: To determine whether changes in depressive symptoms, positive health behaviors (PHBs), body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference mediate the effect of an adapted CoCM on glycemic control among adults with cardiometabolic risk in India.

Design: Longitudinal structural equation modeling of data from the INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes TreatmENT (INDEPENDENT) Randomized Control Trial.

Reproductive history, menopause and cardiometabolic health in women: a multicountry analysis.

Background: We investigated the association of reproductive history with cardiometabolic health in ethnically diverse women across five continents.

Methods: We pooled cross-sectional survey data on non-pregnant women aged 30-49 years from 15 countries. Multilevel models were used to examine associations between menopausal status, age at first birth (≥20 vs <20 years), parity (1, 2, 3, 4+ vs 0 births) and cardiometabolic indicators: body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and fasting blood glucose (FBG), adjusting for age and socioeconomic status.

Does home-based screening improve hypertension diagnosis, treatment and control? A regression discontinuity analysis in urban India.

As part of India's efforts to expand primary healthcare services, several state governments are implementing or considering home-based hypertension screening programmes to improve population-wide diagnosis and blood pressure (BP) control rates. However, there is limited evidence on the effectiveness of home-based screening programmes in India. Using six waves of population-representative cohort data (N=15574), we estimate the causal effect of a home-based hypertension screening intervention on diagnosis, treatment, and BP using a novel application of the Regression Discontinuity Design.

Within-partner concordance of hypertension and overweight/obesity among sexual minority couples.

Purpose: The role of partners on an individual's cardiometabolic risk status in same-sex relationships is underexplored to date, despite significant health disparities impacting sexual minority individuals. This study investigated cardiometabolic risk concordance in same-sex older adult couples in the United States.

Methods: We conducted a pooled analysis of seven study waves of the University of Michigan Health and Retirement Survey (2006-2019) and estimated concordance of hypertension and overweight/obesity among same-sex couples.

Association of age at menarche with type 2 diabetes mellitus among urban Indian women: results from the CARRS study.

Background: Early onset of menarche is associated with hormonal alterations that may predispose women to diabetes. We investigated the association between age at menarche and incident diabetes in India, a setting with declining menarche age and increasing burden of diabetes.

Methods: Data were from the Cardiometabolic Risk Reduction in South Asia study.

The dynamic impact of community social vulnerability on COVID-19 outcomes: A census tract-level analysis of Fulton County, GA.

Background: COVID-19 case and death rates have been variable across geography and time; an understanding of community social vulnerability and variation in COVID-19 outcomes is needed to better respond to acute public health needs and prioritize post-pandemic recovery.

Methods: We analyzed records of confirmed COVID-19 cases (N = 106,037) and deaths (N = 2,107) in Fulton County, Georgia, from 3/4/2020 to 11/11/2021. We developed the Social Vulnerability Index-Plus (SVI+) as a composite measure of 19 census tract-level social and health indicators summarizing community vulnerability.

Cardiometabolic Risk Clusters and Their Reproductive Correlates: A Latent Class Analysis of Indian Women.

Background: Cardiometabolic conditions are rising among women in low- and middle-income countries and appearing at younger ages. The role of female reproductive characteristics in cardiometabolic risk is not well understood.

Methods: We analyzed seven reproductive characteristics and seven cardiometabolic indicators obtained from 644,191 non-pregnant women aged 15-49 years in the 2019-2021 India National Family and Health Survey (NFHS-5).

Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Referral to Outpatient Heart Failure Management at Hospital Discharge: A Get With The Guidelines Analysis.

Background: Black and Hispanic patients with heart failure (HF) have a higher risk of adverse clinical outcomes. Currently, it is unclear whether there are disparities in referral to outpatient HF management programs based on race and ethnicity.

Methods And Results: We used the American Heart Association GWTG-HF (Get With The Guidelines-Heart Failure) registry to examine 402 225 patients hospitalized for acute HF from January 1, 2010 to December 31, 2021.

Reevaluating diabetes and COVID-19 outcomes using national-level data.

Purpose: Using a US nationally representative survey of adults, we aimed to evaluate the association between prevalent diabetes and the uptake of COVID-19 testing, rate of positive testing and symptom severity.

Methods: Data were sourced from the 2020-2021 National Health Interview Survey. COVID-19 outcomes were defined as: (1) test uptake (2) test positivity (3) diagnosis of COVID-19 and (4) severe disease symptoms with a positive COVID-19 test result.

Digital continuous glucose monitoring systems for patients with HIV-diabetes comorbidity in Ethiopia: a situational analysis.

In patients with HIV-diabetes mellitus (DM) comorbidity, invasive blood glucose testing can increase the risk of HIV-related blood contamination and discourage regular glucose monitoring. Digital continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) systems may allow real-time glucose monitoring without the need for blood specimens. However, in high-burden HIV-DM countries, current glucose monitoring practices and their challenges are insufficiently explored to guide digital CGM research and developments.

Patients' Perceptions and Knowledge of Diabetes and Medications: Implications for Medication Adherence and Glycemic Control in Type 2 Diabetes Patients, Northern Ethiopia.

Globally, adherence to Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) medications remains suboptimal. There are limited insights, however, on this issue in the northern region of Ethiopia. This cross-sectional study at Alamata General Hospital investigated the interplay between patients' medication beliefs, diabetes knowledge, adherence, and glycemic control.

Changes in diabetes care and management practices during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Background: We examined changes in diabetes care and management practices before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Population-based data regarding four diabetes-related healthcare engagement and four self-management indicators were obtained from adults with diabetes surveyed in 19 US States and Washington DC through the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. Using logistic regression, we estimated changes in the prevalence of each indicator, overall and by sociodemographic subgroups in 2019 (before the pandemic) and 2021 (during the pandemic).

Integrating hypertension detection and management in HIV care in South Africa: protocol for a stepped-wedged cluster randomized effectiveness-implementation hybrid trial.

Background: HIV clinical guidelines recommend hypertension detection and management to lower cardiovascular disease risk, but these have not been effectively implemented for people living with HIV (PWH). Addressing this implementation gap requires community-engaged implementation studies focused on addressing implementation barriers specific to the HIV care context.

Methods: This protocol describes a type 2 effectiveness-implementation hybrid study conducted in nine primary care clinics in Johannesburg.

Social Determinants of Cardiovascular Health in Asian Americans: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association.

To achieve cardiovascular health (CVH) equity in the United States, an understanding of the social and structural factors that contribute to differences and disparities in health is necessary. The Asian American population is the fastest-growing racial group in the United States but remains persistently underrepresented in health research. There is heterogeneity in how individual Asian American ethnic groups experience CVH and cardiovascular disease outcomes, with certain ethnic groups experiencing a higher burden of adverse social conditions, disproportionately high burden of suboptimal CVH, or excess adverse cardiovascular disease outcomes.

A mediation analysis evaluating change in self-stigma on diabetes outcomes among people with depression in urban India: A secondary analysis from the INDEPENDENT trial of the collaborative care model.

Self-stigma-the internalization of negative community attitudes and beliefs about a disease or condition-represents an important barrier to improving patient care outcomes for people living with common mental disorders and diabetes. Integrated behavioral healthcare interventions are recognized as evidence-based approaches to improve access to behavioral healthcare and for improving patient outcomes, including for those with comorbid diabetes, yet their impact on addressing self-stigma remains unclear. Using secondary data from the Integrating Depression and Diabetes Treatment (INDEPENDENT) study-a trial that aimed to improve diabetes outcomes for people with undertreated and comorbid depression in four urban Indian cities via the Collaborative Care Model-we longitudinally analyzed self-stigma scores and evaluated whether change in total self-stigma scores on diabetes outcomes is mediated by depressive symptom severity.

Investigation of non-communicable diseases prevalence, patterns, and patient outcomes in hospitalized populations: a prospective observational study in three tertiary hospitals.

Background: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) pose a significant global health challenge, constituting over 80% of mortality and morbidity. This burden is particularly pronounced in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), including Ethiopia. Despite this, there's limited research on this issue in Africa.

Concordance of weight status between mothers and children: a secondary analysis of the Pakistan Demographic and health survey VII.

Background: Familial concordance of weight status is an emerging field of study that may guide the development of interventions that operate beyond the individual and within the family context. There is a dearth of published data for concordance of weight status within Pakistani households.

Methods: We assessed the associations between weight status of mothers and their children in a nationally representative sample of households in Pakistan using Demographic and Health Survey data from 2017-18.

Prospective Study on Kidney Dysfunction Markers and Risk for Mortality among South Asians.

Introduction: Associations between markers of impaired kidney function and adverse outcomes among South Asians is understudied and could differ from existing data derived mostly from North American or European cohorts.

Methods: We conducted a prospective analysis of 9797 participants from the ongoing cardiometabolic risk reduction study in South Asia, India. We examined the associations between baseline spot urine albumin-to-creatinine (UACR) ratio and creatinine-based estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) estimating equations with all-cause mortality using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for baseline age, sex, diabetes, systolic blood pressure, tobacco, history of cardiovascular disease, and cholesterol.

Factors influencing diabetes treatment satisfaction in the INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT randomized clinical trial: A multilevel model analysis.

Aims: Patient satisfaction is associated with positive diabetes outcomes. However, there are no identified studies that evaluate both patient- and clinic-level predictors influencing diabetes care satisfaction longitudinally.

Methods: Data from the INtegrating DEPrEssioN and Diabetes treatmENT trial was used to perform the analysis.

Rationale, Design and Baseline Characteristics of a Randomized Controlled Trial of a Cardiovascular Quality Improvement Strategy in India: The C-QIP Trial.

Background: Quality of chronic care for cardiovascular disease (CVD) remains suboptimal worldwide. The Collaborative Quality ImProvement (C-QIP) trial aims to develop and test the feasibility and clinical effect of a multicomponent strategy among patients with prevalent CVD in India.

Methods: The C-QIP is a clinic-based, open randomized trial of a multicomponent intervention vs usual care that was locally developed and adapted for use in Indian settings through rigorous formative research guided by Consolidated Framework for Implementation Research (CFIR).

Asthma Control and Associated Factors Among Children with Current Asthma - Findings from the 2019 Child Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System - Asthma Call-Back Survey.

Purpose: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and correlates of uncontrolled asthma among children with current asthma in four US states. We also determined the rates and correlates of asthma-related hospitalization, urgent care center (UCC), or emergency department (ED) visits.

Participants And Methods: We analyzed the 2019 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance Survey (BRFSS) Asthma Call-back Survey (ACBS) datasets.

The association of hypertension among married Indian couples: a nationally representative cross-sectional study.

Mounting evidence demonstrates that intimate partners sharing risk factors have similar propensities for chronic conditions such as hypertension. The objective was to study whether spousal hypertension was associated with one's own hypertension status independent of known risk factors, and stratified by socio-demographic subgroups (age, sex, wealth quintile, caste endogamy). Data were from heterosexual married couples (n = 50,023, women: 18-49 years, men: 21-54 years) who participated in the National Family Health Survey-V (2019-2021).