Weight bias in mental health settings: a scoping review.

Introduction: Weight bias is a pervasive form of prejudice, most deeply and directly harming individuals in larger bodies. Although the mental health field strives to promote the delivery of equitable, culturally sensitive care, the prevalence and nature of weight bias in therapeutic contexts are not well understood. This scoping review examines how weight bias manifests within mental health settings and its impacts on client care and outcomes, exploring the issue from both client and provider lenses.

If Only I Could Drink Like Everyone Else: Effects of Counterfactual Thinking and Personalized Normative Feedback on Perceived Behavioral Control Over Drinking.

Objective: Perceived behavioral control over drinking (PBCD) is an important factor in alcohol use, with lower scores linked to higher consumption. Counterfactual thinking (i.e.

How to design equitable digital health tools: A narrative review of design tactics, case studies, and opportunities.

With a renewed focus on health equity in the United States driven by national crises and legislation to improve digital healthcare innovation, there is a need for the designers of digital health tools to take deliberate steps to design for equity in their work. A concrete toolkit of methods to design for health equity is needed to support digital health practitioners in this aim. This narrative review summarizes several health equity frameworks to help digital health practitioners conceptualize the equity dimensions of importance for their work, and then provides design approaches that accommodate an equity focus.

Validation of the Sexual Discounting Task for Use in Adolescents.

The Sexual Discounting Task (SDT) was developed to evaluate the effects of delay on decision making as it relates to sexual risk-taking behaviors. Though previously validated with other populations, including urban emerging adults, the current study sought to validate the SDT with adolescents. A sample of adolescents (N = 155; 61% female) between ages 14 and 21 (M = 19.

Comparisons of Explicit Weight Bias Across Common Clinical Specialties of US Resident Physicians.

Background: Patients with high body weight are persistently stigmatized in medical settings, with studies demonstrating that providers endorse negative stereotypes of, and have lower regard for, higher-weight patients. Very little is known about how this weight bias varies across specialties.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to examine how explicit weight bias varies between resident providers among sixteen of the largest residency specialties in the USA.

A mixed-method analysis of counterfactual thinking, negative event themes, and the transtheoretical model in a community sample of smokers.

The transtheoretical model has been used as a model of behavior change for tobacco users. However, it does not account for perceptions of past behavior that may provide additional guidance toward smoking cessation. No studies have examined associations between the transtheoretical model, content themes of smoking experiences, and counterfactual thoughts (i.

Group differences in binge eating, impulsivity, and intuitive and mindful eating among intermittent fasters and non-fasters.

Intermittent fasting (IF) is an increasingly popular diet involving short-term fasting and/or caloric restriction. While published research highlights physiological effects (e.g.

Relations Between Adolescent Sensation Seeking and Risky Sexual Behaviors Across Sex, Race, and Age: A Meta-Analysis.

Sensation seeking (SS)-the seeking of novel and intense sensations or experiences and the willingness to take risks for the sake of such experiences-has been shown to be related to various risky sexual behaviors (RSBs) in areas such as multiple sexual partners, condom use, and sexual initiation. The aims of the current meta-analysis were to examine (1) how SS relates to specific RSBs in adolescents and (2) how the overall relationship between SS and RSB differs across sex, race, and age. Overall, a total of 40 studies met the inclusion criteria for our meta-analysis examining the relationship between SS and RSB, contributing 102 effect sizes.

From if-then to here and now: Using personalized counterfactuals from past negative experiences to reduce future alcohol consequences.

College students are at an increased risk for problematic alcohol use. To address this health concern, several interventions have used protective behavioral strategies (PBS). However, interventions promoting PBS remain underdeveloped and underutilized.

Ethnicity, age, and education influence perceptions of vegetable healthiness and macronutrient content.

To assess perceptions of nutritional content and health value of popular vegetables. Cross-sectional online survey. A total of 760 adults participated in the study.

Development and Validation of a Validity Scale for Use with the UPPS-P and Short UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales.

Two of the most widely used self-report measures of impulsivity are the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and its shortened version, the SUPPS-P, which currently are limited by their inability to detect careless and/or random responding. The present study develops and cross-validates an inconsistency scale for use with the UPPS-P and SUPPS-P in order to accurately screen for data quality and better detect invalid responding. A total of 443 participants were recruited from Amazon's MTurk online data collection service to serve as the derivation sample and 231 undergraduates were recruited to serve as the cross-validation sample.

Problematic Mobile Phone and Smartphone Use Scales: A Systematic Review.

The popularity of smartphones is undeniable in nearly all facets of society. Despite the many benefits attributed to the technology, concern has grown over the potential for excessive smartphone use to become problematic in nature. Due to the growing concerns surrounding the recognized and unrecognized implications of smartphone use, great efforts have been made through research to evaluate, label and identify problematic smartphone use mostly through the development and administration of scales assessing the behavior.

Does mindfulness reduce the effects of risk factors for problematic smartphone use? Comparing frequency of use versus self-reported addiction.

Background: There is growing concern regarding problematic smartphone overuse. Practiced mindfulness, the state of being aware of the present moment, may protect against problematic smartphone use by reducing the strength of risk factors.

Purpose: We hypothesized that trait mindfulness can reduce the impact of risk factors on a) objective smartphone use and b) subjective problematic smartphone use.

The relationship between impulsivity and shame and guilt proneness on the prediction of internalizing and externalizing behaviors.

Shame and guilt are responses to moral transgressions that are characterized by negative self-evaluations and negative behavioral-evaluations, respectively. Previous research has found shame to be the more maladaptive of these "self-conscious" emotions due to its association with various health-risk behaviors. In the current study, undergraduate participants (n = 199) from a large, public university completed behavioral and self-report measures of impulsivity, shame and guilt-proneness, and behavioral tendencies.

Sensation seeking, sexual orientation, and drug abuse symptoms in a community sample of emerging adults.

Increased use of drugs is associated with a number of factors including high sensation seeking and sexual minority status (through group-specific minority stress). We sought to examine how personality traits like sensation seeking may influence drug abuse among sexual minority individuals. Participants were 217 emerging adults (Mage = 20.

Are relationships between impulsivity and depressive symptoms in adolescents sex-dependent?

Introduction: Both depressive symptomology and impulsivity are common during adolescence and are associated with various negative life outcomes. The potential sex-dependent nature of relationships between these constructs needs further exploration in order to understand their complexities. This cross-sectional study examined how levels of these constructs may differ by sex.

Does Pain Affect Preference? The Effect of Tonic Laboratory Pain on Discounting of Delayed Rewards.

Unlabelled: Chronic pain patients show elevated risk behavior on decision-making tasks, as well as increased health risk behaviors (eg, smoking, prescription opioid abuse). Determining pain's effect on underlying cognitive processes that are associated with risk behavior is confounded by comorbidities linked with chronic pain, including depression, anxiety, and substance abuse. Therefore, to understand pain's effect on delay discounting, a behavioral process assessing the extent to which outcomes are devalued as a function of their delay, the present study evaluated the effect of laboratory pain on delay discounting in healthy young adults (N = 85).

The Role of the Therapeutic Relationship in Psychopharmacological Treatment Outcomes: A Meta-analytic Review.

Objective: Patient nonadherence to psychopharmacological treatment is a significant barrier to effective treatment. The therapeutic relationship is known to be a critical component of effective psychological treatment, but it has received limited study. A meta-analysis was conducted to examine the role of the therapeutic relationship in the delivery of effective psychopharmacological treatment.

The relationship between stress and delay discounting: a meta-analytic review.

The objective of the present meta-analytic review was two-fold: (a) to address the mixed findings of previous research by determining the relationship between stress and impulsivity; and (b) to examine age differences in this relationship. A total of 16 articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the present meta-analysis for a total sample size of 2189 participants (k=22) ranging in age from 36 months to 71 years. Using the statistical software, Comprehensive Meta-Analysis, Version 2.

The relation between pain-related fear and disability: a meta-analysis.

Unlabelled: Within a biopsychosocial framework, psychological factors are thought to play an important role in the onset and progression of chronic pain. The cognitive-behavioral fear-avoidance model of chronic pain suggests that pain-related fear contributes to the development and maintenance of pain-related disability. However, investigations of the relation between pain-related fear and disability have demonstrated considerable between-study variation.

Relationship between weight status and delay discounting in a sample of adolescent cigarette smokers.

Obesity and cigarette smoking are often cited separately as the top two preventable causes of death in the United States; however, little research has explored the factors associated with being both obese and a smoker. Delay discounting is a behavioral characteristic that may underlie both of these conditions/behaviors. Delay discounting describes the extent to which an individual discounts the value of an outcome because of a delay in its occurrence.