DEFINING "STRONG" VERSUS "WEAK" RESPONSE TO ANTIVASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL GROWTH FACTOR TREATMENT FOR CENTER-INVOLVED DIABETIC MACULAR EDEMA.

Background/purpose: To define "strong" versus "weak" antivascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) treatment response in eyes with center-involved diabetic macular edema (CI-DME).

Methods: Exploratory analyses of three DRCR Retina Network randomized trials of eyes with CI-DME treated with aflibercept, bevacizumab, or ranibizumab. Thresholds of 5-, 10-, and 15-letter gain defined strong visual acuity (VA) response when baseline VA was 20/25-20/32, 20/40-20/63, or 20/80-20/320, respectively.

Improving Access to Eye Care: A Systematic Review of the Literature.

Purpose: The goals were to develop a working and inclusive definition of access to eye care, identify gaps in the current system that preclude access, and highlight recommendations that have been identified in prior studies. This manuscript serves as a narrative summary of the literature.

Clinical Relevance: Health care disparities continue to plague the nation's well-being, and eye care is no exception.

Are Dilated Fundus Examinations Needed for OCT-Guided Retreatment of Exudative Age-Related Macular Degeneration? A Prospective, Randomized, Pilot Study.

Purpose: To report findings when dilated fundus examination (DFE) is omitted from follow-up of patients receiving anti-VEGF injections for neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD).

Design: Randomized pilot study.

Participants: NVAMD patients with two or more injections of anti-VEGF within prior six months who were expected to require treatment for at least eight more months.

Prevalence and causes of clinically detectable uveitic serous retinal detachment.

Purpose: To describe the prevalence and causes of clinically detectable uveitic serous retinal detachment (SRD).

Methods: Retrospective chart review of a large clinic-based series.

Results: Serous retinal detachment was present in 78 of the 2761 (2.

Structured layer surface segmentation for retina OCT using fully convolutional regression networks.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality with micrometer resolution which has been widely used for scanning the retina. Retinal layers are important biomarkers for many diseases. Accurate automated algorithms for segmenting smooth continuous layer surfaces with correct hierarchy (topology) are important for automated retinal thickness and surface shape analysis.

Fully Convolutional Boundary Regression for Retina OCT Segmentation.

A major goal of analyzing retinal optical coherence tomography (OCT) images is retinal layer segmentation. Accurate automated algorithms for segmenting smooth continuous layer surfaces, with correct hierarchy (topology) are desired for monitoring disease progression. State-of-the-art methods use a trained classifier to label each pixel into background, layer, or surface pixels.

Deep learning based topology guaranteed surface and MME segmentation of multiple sclerosis subjects from retinal OCT.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive imaging modality that can be used to obtain depth images of the retina. Patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) have thinning retinal nerve fiber and ganglion cell layers, and approximately 5% of MS patients will develop microcystic macular edema (MME) within the retina. Segmentation of both the retinal layers and MME can provide important information to help monitor MS progression.

ETDRS Grading of Diabetic Retinopathy: Still the Gold Standard?

This article aims to provide a narrative history of the evolution, modification, and legacy of the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study classification system.

Loss of Peak Vision in Retinal Vein Occlusion Patients Treated for Macular Edema.

Purpose: To evaluate long-term visual and anatomic outcomes in patients with retinal vein occlusion (RVO) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents.

Design: Prospective, interventional case series.

Participants: Patients with central RVO (CRVO) or branch RVO (BRVO).

Layer boundary evolution method for macular OCT layer segmentation.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to produce high resolution depth images of the retina and is now the standard of care for in-vivo ophthalmological assessment. It is also increasingly being used for evaluation of neurological disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Automatic segmentation methods identify the retinal layers of the macular cube providing consistent results without intra- and inter-rater variation and is faster than manual segmentation.

Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor for neovascular age-related macular degeneration.

Background: Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the most common cause of uncorrectable severe vision loss in people aged 55 years and older in the developed world. Choroidal neovascularization (CNV) secondary to AMD accounts for most cases of AMD-related severe vision loss. Intravitreous injection of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents aims to block the growth of abnormal blood vessels in the eye to prevent vision loss and, in some instances, to improve vision.

Factors Associated With Visual Acuity and Central Subfield Thickness Changes When Treating Diabetic Macular Edema With Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy: An Exploratory Analysis of the Protocol T Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Identifying the factors that are associated with the magnitude of treatment benefits from anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) therapy for diabetic macular edema (DME) may help refine treatment expectations.

Objective: To identify the baseline factors that are associated with vision and anatomic outcomes when managing DME with anti-VEGF and determine if there are interactions between factors and the agent administered.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This post hoc analysis of data from the Diabetic Retinopathy Clinical Research Network multicenter randomized clinical trial , Protocol T, was conducted between December 2016 and December 2017.

Retinal layer parcellation of optical coherence tomography images: Data resource for multiple sclerosis and healthy controls.

This paper presents optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the human retina and manual delineations of eight retinal layers. The data includes 35 human retina scans acquired on a Spectralis OCT system (Heidelberg Engineering, Heidelberg, Germany), 14 of which are healthy controls (HC) and 21 have a diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The provided data includes manually delineation of eight retina layers, which were independently reviewed and edited.

Multi-layer Fast Level Set Segmentation for Macular OCT.

Segmenting optical coherence tomography (OCT) images of the retina is important in the diagnosis, staging, and tracking of ophthalmological diseases. Whereas automatic segmentation methods are typically much faster than manual segmentation, they may still take several minutes to segment a three-dimensional macular scan, and this can be prohibitive for routine clinical application. In this paper, we propose a fast, multi-layer macular OCT segmentation method based on a fast level set method.

Shortest Distance From Fovea to Subfoveal Hemorrhage Border Is Important in Patients With Neovascular Age-related Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: To identify factors influencing visual outcome in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (NVAMD) and subfoveal hemorrhage (SFH) treated with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) agents.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Methods: Anti-VEGF-treated eyes with SFH > 1 disc area (DA) were identified (n = 16) and changes in visual acuity (VA) and central subfield thickness (CST) from baseline to last follow-up, along with SFH area, thickness, minimum distance from fovea to SFH border, and time to resolution, were determined.

A proteomic approach to understanding the pathogenesis of idiopathic macular hole formation.

Idiopathic macular holes (IMH) are full-thickness defects of retinal tissue that cause severe vision loss due to disruption of the anatomic fovea. Abnormal vitreous traction is involved in the formation of macular holes. Both glial cells and hyalocytes contribute to epiretinal membrane formation in IMH.

Intensity inhomogeneity correction of SD-OCT data using macular flatspace.

Images of the retina acquired using optical coherence tomography (OCT) often suffer from intensity inhomogeneity problems that degrade both the quality of the images and the performance of automated algorithms utilized to measure structural changes. This intensity variation has many causes, including off-axis acquisition, signal attenuation, multi-frame averaging, and vignetting, making it difficult to correct the data in a fundamental way. This paper presents a method for inhomogeneity correction by acting to reduce the variability of intensities within each layer.

Towards Topological Correct Segmentation of Macular OCT from Cascaded FCNs.

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is used to produce high resolution depth images of the retina and is now the standard of care for ophthalmological assessment. In particular, OCT is used to study the changes in layer thickness across various pathologies. The automated image analysis of these OCT images has primarily been performed with graph based methods.

INTENSITY INHOMOGENEITY CORRECTION OF MACULAR OCT USING N3 AND RETINAL FLATSPACE.

As optical coherence tomography (OCT) has increasingly become a standard modality for imaging the retina, automated algorithms for processing OCT data have become necessary to do large scale studies looking for changes in specific layers. To provide accurate results, many of these algorithms rely on the consistency of layer intensities within a scan. Unfortunately, OCT data often exhibits inhomogeneity in a given layer's intensities, both within and between images.