Ocular Insights: Exploring Uveitis as a Manifestation of Celiac Disease.

Celiac disease (CD) is an autoimmune condition that mainly affects the small intestine and often leads to issues with nutrient absorption. People with CD commonly experience symptoms like diarrhea, bloating, stomach pain, fatty stools, unintended weight loss, and low iron levels. In addition to its intestinal manifestations, CD is also associated with a range of extraintestinal features and comorbid conditions.

Comparing SPEED and OSDI Questionnaires in a Non-Clinical Sample.

Purpose: To compare the performance of OSDI and SPEED questionnaires in a non-clinical sample in Pakistan.

Methods: SPEED and OSDI questionnaires were simultaneously administered to a sample of 600 participants in Pakistan with an average age of 31.0 ± 10.

The Influence of Tomographic Corneal Characteristics on Epithelial Thickness Profile.

Purpose To understand the influence of tomographic corneal characteristics on the epithelium of normal eyes. Methods We scanned a total of 98 eyes of 98 individuals using anterior segment tomography and a spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (OCT) epithelial mapping tool. Only eyes with no previous pathology were included, with a refractive range of +5 diopters (D) to -6 D, intraocular pressure of < 22 mmHg, and no evidence of dry eye (Schirmer's test 2 value > 5 mm).

Distribution and Correlation of Ocular Surface Disease Index Scores in a Non-Clinical Population: The Karachi Ocular Surface Disease Study.

Introduction There is increasing recognition of dry eye disease (DED) as a significant factor influencing quality of life in seemingly normal individuals. Our goal was to determine the distribution of Ocular Surface Disease Index (OSDI) scores in non-clinical individuals in Karachi, Pakistan. Methods We distributed OSDI questionnaires to subjects aged > 18 years with no active ocular complaint.

Wide Stromal Mapping Using an Anterior Segment Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To quantify and assess the reproducibility of the corneal stromal thickness profiles captured by the SD-OCT. Secondly, we correlated the zonal thicknesses to the age, gender and axial length.

Methods: We included 227 normal eyes of 227 patients with a maximum hypermetropia of +5 and myopia of -6 diopters (D).

Effect of Demographic Variables on the Regional Corneal Pachymetry.

Purpose: The measurement of corneal thickness by corneal pachymetry provides valuable information in the setting of corneal disease; however, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT)-based assessment of different corneal sectors has been scarce in Pakistan.

Design: We aimed to obtain a whole-corneal thickness map using SD-OCT and to evaluate its correlation with age, sex, and axial length.

Methods: Our study included 214 subjects with healthy corneas; each eye was scanned with an SD-OCT covering a 9-mm diameter, and reproducibility was evaluated in a subset of 50 participants by means of an identical scan protocol repeated by 2 different OCT operators.

Macular vascular density at the superficial capillary plexus using the optical coherence tomography angiography.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess the effects of age, gender, axial length and retinal thickness on the vascular density in a normal population using the Optovue optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A).

Methods: A total of 209 eyes of 209 healthy subjects were scanned using the OCT-A on an outpatient basis. Patients were 20-75 years of age.

Assessing reproducibility and the effects of demographic variables on the normal macular layers using the Spectralis SD-OCT.

Purpose: To quantify and view the possible influence of demographic variables on normal macular layers. Additionally, we wanted to assess the reproducibility using the Spectralis SD-OCT.

Methods: A Spectralis SD-OCT machine using a commercially available algorithm was used to scan 242 healthy subjects in an outpatient setting.

Wide Corneal Epithelial Mapping Using an Optical Coherence Tomography.

Purpose: To map the corneal epithelium using a map measuring 9 mm in diameter and view the effects of age, sex, and axial length. Additionally, we wanted to demonstrate the reproducibility of this technique.

Methods: We calculated the epithelial thickness in 220 individuals using an SD-OCT machine with the newly released commercially available algorithm.

Visual and Refractive Outcomes of Topography-guided Laser-assisted In Situ Keratomileusis in Virgin Eyes.

Introduction We wanted to assess the efficacy, predictability, and stability of topography-guided, laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (TGL) on normal untreated eyes with a preoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) of 20/20. Methods This was a retrospective, non-randomized, and single arm study evaluating the outcomes of TGL in eyes with a preoperative BCVA of 20/20. We included 50 eyes of 50 patients who presented to the Hashmanis Hospital, Pakistan and were followed for six months postoperatively.

Three-dimensional mapping of peripapillary retinal layers using a spectral domain optical coherence tomography.

Purpose: To map and view the effects of age, gender, and axial length on seven individual retinal layers around the optic nerve head (ONH).

Methods: We scanned 242 healthy patients using the Spectralis spectral domain optical coherence tomography in an outpatient setting. The layers were observed on the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study sectors using the standard Spectralis Family Acquisition Module 6.

A Comparison of Visual Outcomes and Patient Satisfaction Between Photorefractive Keratectomy and Femtosecond Laser-Assisted In Situ Keratomileusis.

Purpose To compare visual outcomes and satisfaction among patients of photorefractive keratectomy (PRK; Wavelight EX 500, Alcon, Ft Worth, TX, USA) and femtosecond laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (FAL; Wavelight FS 200 laser and Wavelight EX 500, Alcon, Ft Worth, TX, USA). Methods We performed a retrospective study of 409 eyes in 207 patients that underwent either PRK (n=90) or FAL (n=117) at the two centers of Hashmanis Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. The included refractive outcomes were sphere diopters (D), cylinder D, and spherical equivalent D.

Corneal Collagen Cross-Linking Combined with an Artiflex Iris-Fixated Anterior Chamber Phakic Intraocular Lens Implantation in a Patient with Progressive Keratoconus.

We present here the case of a 24-year-old male who experienced progressive keratoconus and vision loss which adversely affected his ability to carry out everyday tasks. This landed him in the Hashmanis Hospital for consultation. He had a preoperative best corrected visual acuity of 6/12.

Reasons for Refusing Laser-Assisted in Situ Keratomileusis in a Pakistani Population.

Purpose: To study and analyze the reasons for not performing laser-assisted in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) surgery in Pakistan.

Methods: This is a retrospective observational review of the patients who presented for LASIK surgery during January 2014 to September 2016 at the Hashmanis Hospital refractive surgery facility in Karachi, Pakistan.

Results: A total of 6005 eyes in 3512 patients presented for LASIK surgery.

Traumatic dislocation of phakic anterior chamber iris-claw intraocular lens: A case report.

We are presenting a traumatic dislocation of a Phakic intraocular lens (PIOL) secondary to a blunt trauma to the right eye. The patient presented with a sudden blurring of vision with no other associated injury. His slit lamp examination showed disenclavation of the temporal clip and pre-operatively his best spectacle-corrected visual acuity (BSCVA) was 6/36.

Effect of age, sex, and refractive errors on central corneal thickness measured by Oculus Pentacam.

Background: Central corneal thickness (CCT) can be used to assess the corneal physiological condition as well as the pathological changes associated with ocular diseases. It has an influence on the measurement of intraocular pressure and is being used as a screening tool for refractive surgery candidates. The aim of this study was to determine the median CCT among normal Pakistani population and to correlate CCT with age, sex, and refractive errors.

Comparison of visual acuity, refractive outcomes, and satisfaction between LASIK performed with a microkeratome and a femto laser.

Purpose: To compare refractive outcomes, visual acuities, and satisfaction of patients between those treated with laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) using a Hansatome microkeratome (HM) and femto-assisted laser (FAL).

Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of 1,366 eyes in 687 patients who underwent LASIK with an HM (n=1,137) and an FAL (n=229) at the two centers of Hashmanis Hospital, Karachi, Pakistan. Refractive outcomes, including sphere, cylinder, and spherical equivalent in diopters (D), and visual acuities were assessed both preoperatively and at 1 month follow-up.