Association Between Disability and Life Satisfaction, Participation, and Psychological Health: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Study.

Background And Objectives: Moderate-to-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in disability across physical, social, and cognitive domains. The Glasgow Outcome Scale-Extended (GOSE), which evaluates global function, is the most frequently used TBI outcome measure. However, the GOSE may not capture all domains of recovery.

Risk profiles of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias care partners: A latent profile analysis to inform intervention.

Objectives: Identify risk factors for profiles of caregiver burden, depression, and social disconnectedness among Alzheimer's disease and related dementias (ADRD) care partners.

Methods: Latent Profile Analysis of baseline caregiver burden, depressive symptoms, and social disconnectedness among 95 ADRD care partners enrolled in a problem-solving intervention clinical trial. Multivariable linear regressions determined risk factors associated with these profiles.

Dimensions of participation as predictors of satisfaction with roles and abilities after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose/objective: This study aimed to determine the relationship of participation dimensions with satisfaction with social roles and activities after traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Research Method/design: Secondary analysis of baseline data from 127 participants enrolled in the MoodTracker intervention trial (https://ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier NCT04410770).

Toward More Holistic Early Traumatic Brain Injury Evaluation and Care: Recommendations from the 2024 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke Traumatic Brain Injury Classification and Nomenclature Initiative Psychosocial and Environmental Modifiers Working Group.

Biopsychosocial and environmental factors play a major role in acute clinical presentation, recovery, and outcome of traumatic brain injury (TBI). As part of the 2024 National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) TBI Classification and Nomenclature Initiative, the Psychosocial and Environmental Modifiers (PEM) Working Group was assembled to perform a narrative review and summary of expert opinions regarding how non-TBI factors influence the presenting features and outcomes of TBI and to make recommendations for incorporating these Modifiers into clinical care and research. With input from working group members and other interested parties, we summarize the membership, methods, and outcomes of the PEM Working Group activities.

The Interaction Between Race/Ethnicity and Sex on Societal Participation Among Individuals With Traumatic Brain Injury: A NIDILRR Model Systems Study.

Objective: To examine the interaction of race/ethnicity and sex on societal participation (productivity and overall participation) among individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Community.

Participants: A total of 8861 individuals aged ≥16 who identified as non-Hispanic White (1750 females, 4270 males), non-Hispanic Black (315 females, 1147 males), or Hispanic (314 females, 1065 males), and who completed a 1-year postinjury follow-up interview in the TBI Model Systems National Database.

The contribution of social determinants of health to long-term outcomes following traumatic brain injury.

Social Determinants of Health (SDoH) are a significant factor in health outcomes for both acute and chronic health conditions, but systematic research related to outcomes from traumatic brain injury (TBI) has been limited. This study explores the relationship between individual and neighborhood-level SDoH and TBI outcomes to understand the extent of their influence on long-term recovery. Hybrid panel models that decompose time-varying predictors into between- and within-person effects were used to examine the relationships between SDoH and participation in the community, life satisfaction, and global functioning for persons with moderate to severe TBI one to 30 years post-injury.

Internalized Disability Stigma Among People Living With Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: Qualitative evidence suggests that disability stigma is an important concept in the lived experiences of individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). However, there have been no studies in this population specifically evaluating internalized disability stigma. We sought to characterize variability in levels of internalized stigma and examine the applicability of the "why try" effect (reduced self-efficacy and life goal attainment as consequences of internalized stigma) to people living with chronic TBI.

Assessment and Evaluation of a Crosswalk Between the Functional Independence Measure and the Continuity Assessment Record and Evaluation: A NIDILRR-funded TBI Model Systems Study.

Objective: To evaluate crosswalks between the Continuity Assessment Record and Evaluation (CARE) measure and the FIM motor subscale scores in a sample of persons with traumatic brain injury given the CARE measure's development by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services in 2005 to assess motor function in all postacute rehabilitation settings and its intended continuity with previous measures.

Design: Crosswalks were created using 3 methodologies (expert opinion, equipercentile, and Rasch). The dataset was split into training and validation datasets.

Common Data Elements for Rehabilitation Research in Neurologic Disorders (NeuroRehab CDEs).

Objective: Common data elements (CDEs) help harmonize data collection across clinical trials and observational studies, allowing for cross-study and cross-condition comparisons. Although CDEs exist for multiple clinical conditions and diseases, this work was extended only recently to neurorehabilitation research.

Design: Subgroups of clinical neurorehabilitation investigators operationalized a domain definition, selected applicable CDEs from 23 existing National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS) CDE projects and National Institutes of Health (NIH) CDE repositories, and identified areas needing further development.

Effects of Home Neighborhood Tree Canopy Coverage on Mental Health Outcomes: A Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems Investigation.

Objective: Explore the relationship between tree canopy coverage (TCC) in one's home neighborhood and mental health outcomes, and how these relationships differ by home neighborhood factors, among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in the United States.

Setting: Community.

Participants: Enrolled in the TBI Model Systems National Database with completed follow-up interview after January 1, 2017.

Convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity of the Behavioural Assessment Screening Tool (BAST) in chronic traumatic brain injury.

Background The Behavioural Assessment Screening Tool (BAST), which measures self-reported neurobehavioural symptoms experienced by adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI), was specifically developed as a self-reported measure for remote symptom reporting. Our aim was to assess the convergent, discriminant, and known-groups validity of the BAST among community-dwelling adults with TBI. Methods We assessed correlations and group differences with previously validated measures in two existing datasets (n =111, n =134).

Functional independence trajectories over 5 years in older veterans with traumatic brain injury: A model systems study.

Background: Research on older adults who sustain a traumatic brain injury (TBI) has predominantly been on civilian, nonveteran populations. Military populations experience higher rates of TBI and often experience the additive effects of TBI and other comorbid disorders, including posttraumatic stress disorder and/or substance use that may increase disability over time.

Objective: To investigate predictors of functional independence trajectories over the 5 years after TBI in veterans 55 years or older at injury.

Impact of Post-Traumatic Epilepsy on Mental Health and Multidimensional Outcome and Quality of Life: An NIDILRR TBIMS Study.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and subsequent post-traumatic epilepsy (PTE) often impair daily activities and mental health (MH), which contribute to long-term TBI-related disability. PTE also affects driving capacity, which impacts functional independence, community participation, and satisfaction with life (SWL). However, studies evaluating the collective impact of PTE on multidimensional outcomes are lacking.

Home, but Homebound After Traumatic Brain Injury: Risk Factors and Associations With Nursing Home Entry and Death.

Objective: To examine risk factors associated with homeboundness 1-year after traumatic brain injury (TBI) and to explore associations between homebound status and risk of future mortality and nursing home entry.

Design: Secondary analysis of a longitudinal prospective cohort study.

Setting: TBI Model Systems centers.

Randomized Trial to Evaluate Effects of Peer- and Clinician-Led Interventions for Caregivers of Individuals With Acquired Brain Injury.

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of 2 interventions for caregivers of patients with acquired brain injury (ABI) transitioning home after inpatient rehabilitation, to prepare them for the role of caregiving and reduce stress and depression.

Design: Controlled trial with participants randomly assigned to (1) usual care (UC), (2) clinician-delivered Problem-Solving Training (PST), or (3) peer-led Building Better Caregivers (BBC) training; both experimental interventions initiated during the inpatient rehabilitation stay, delivered virtually, of similar intensity (six 60-minute sessions), and focused on managing stress and building skills related to caregiving.

Setting: Nonprofit rehabilitation hospital specializing in care of persons with acquired brain and spinal cord injuries.

Psychometric network analysis in rehabilitation research: A methodological demonstration in depression symptoms of veterans and service members at 1 and 2 years after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose/objective: Psychometric network analysis (PNA) is an application of dynamic systems theory that can inform measurement of complex rehabilitation phenomena such as depressive symptom patterns in veterans and service members (V/SMs) after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This study applied PNA to the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), a common measure of depressive symptoms, in a sample of V/SMs with TBI at Years 1 and 2 (Y1-2) postinjury.

Research Method/design: A sample of 808 V/SMs with TBI participated, 594 contributing PHQ-9 data at Y1 and 585 at Y2.

A Directed Content Analysis for Greatest Problems Among People With and Without Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To characterize the greatest problem or need among individuals with a history of traumatic brain injury (TBI), as compared with individuals with a history of other neurologic conditions, mental health conditions, and no history of neurologic or mental health conditions.

Design: A directed content analysis of open-text responses to a single online survey question using a framework guided by the Mayo-Portland Adaptability Inventory-4.

Setting: Community.

The TBI Model Systems Neighborhood Socioeconomic Disadvantage Index (TBIMS-NSDI): Development and Comparison to Individual Socioeconomic Characteristics.

Objective: To create a census-based composite neighborhood socioeconomic deprivation index (NSDI) from geocoded residential addresses and to quantify how NSDI aligns with individual-level socioeconomic factors among people with traumatic brain injury (TBI).

Setting: Community.

Participants: People enrolled in the TBI Model Systems National Database (TBIMS NDB).

Erratum to "Branching out: Feasibility of examining the effects of greenspace on mental health after traumatic brain injury" [Dialogues in Health, Volume 2, 2023, 100129].

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.dialog.

Longitudinal associations of time-varying homeboundness and life satisfaction after traumatic brain injury.

Purpose/objective: To examine the association of changes in homebound status (i.e., never/rarely leaving the home) with life satisfaction in the first 10 years after traumatic brain injury (TBI).