Comparative Toxicity and P450-Mediated Detoxification of Flonicamid in and .

The tarnished plant bug, (TPB), (Palisot de Beauvois), and the western tarnished plant bug (WTPB), , Knight, are major agricultural pests that cause significant damage to a wide range of crops in the southeastern and southwestern United States. Flonicamid (commercial name: Carbine 50WG) is generally effective against various sap-feeding pests, including both and . This study evaluated the toxicity of flonicamid on third-instar nymphs and adults of both species under laboratory conditions.

Insecticide Susceptibilities and Enzyme Activities of Four Stink Bug Populations in Mississippi, USA.

In Mississippi, the Pentatomidae complex infesting soybean is primarily composed of , , , and . This study employed spray bioassays to evaluate the susceptibilities of these stink bugs to seven commonly used formulated insecticides: oxamyl, acephate, bifenthrin, λ-cyhalothrin, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, and sulfoxaflor. Stinks bugs were collected from soybeans in Leland, MS, USA during 2022 and 2023, as well as from wild host plants in Clarksdale, MS.

Resistance risk assessment of six pyrethroids and acephate toward the resistant adult tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris.

Due to rapidly developed resistance, pest management relies less on pyrethroids to control economically damaging infestations of the tarnished plant bug (TPB), Lygus lineolaris (Palisot de Beauvois) in cotton fields of Mississippi. Yet, pyrethroid resistance remains prevalent in TPB populations. This study assessed the resistance levels in adult TPB to six common pyrethroids and acephate.

Biochemical and molecular characterization of neonicotinoids resistance in the tarnished plant bug, Lygus lineolaris.

In the southern United States, neonicotinoids are commonly applied as foliar insecticides to control sucking insect pests, such as the tarnished plant bug (TPB, Lygus lineolaris). In this study, spraying bioassays were conducted to determine the toxicity of five neonicotinoids and sulfoxaflor to susceptible and late fall field-collected TPB adults from Mississippi Delta region. Compared to a susceptible population, the field-collected TPBs exhibited the highest resistance to imidacloprid (up to 19.

Toxicity Assessment of Four Formulated Pyrethroid-Containing Binary Insecticides in Two Resistant Adult Tarnished Plant Bug () Populations.

Over the past several decades, the extensive use of pyrethroids has led to the development of resistance in many insect populations, including the economically damaging pest tarnished plant bug (TPB), on cotton. To manage TPB resistance, several commercially formulated pyrethroid-containing binary mixtures, in combination with neonicotinoids or avermectin are recommended for TPB control and resistance management in the mid-South USA. This study aimed to evaluate the toxicity and resistance risks of four formulated pyrethroid-containing binary mixtures (Endigo, Leverage, Athena, and Hero) on one susceptible and two resistant TPB populations, which were field-collected in July (Field-R1) and October (Field-R2), respectively.

Synchrotron-Based X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Elucidates Uranium Toxicokinetics in .

A combination of synchrotron-based elemental analysis and acute toxicity tests was used to investigate the biodistribution and adverse effects in exposed to uranium nanoparticle (UNP, 3-5 nm) suspensions or to uranium reference (U) solutions. Speciation analysis revealed similar size distributions between exposures, and toxicity tests showed comparable acute effects (UNP LC: 402 μg L [336-484], U LC: 268 μg L [229-315]). However, the uranium body burden was 3- to 5-fold greater in UNP-exposed daphnids, and analysis of survival as a function of body burden revealed a ∼5-fold higher specific toxicity from the U exposure.

Uranium accumulation and toxicokinetics in the crustacean Daphnia magna provide perspective to toxicodynamic responses.

The importance of incorporating kinetic approaches in order to gain information on underlying physiological processes explaining species sensitivity to environmental stressors has been highlighted in recent years. Uranium is present in the aquatic environment worldwide due to naturally occurring and anthropogenic sources, posing a potential risk to freshwater taxa in contaminated areas. Although literature shows that organisms vary widely with respect to susceptibility to U, information on toxicokinetics that may explain the variation in toxicodynamic responses is scarce.

Are sulfate effects in the mayfly driven by the cost of ion regulation?

Elevated major ion concentrations in streams are commonly observed as a consequence of resource extraction, de-icing and other anthropogenic activities. Ecologists report biodiversity losses associated with increasing salinity, with mayflies typically being highly responsive to increases of different major ions. In this study, we evaluated the performance of the mayfly reared for its entire larval phase in a gradient of sulfate concentrations.

Sulfate transport kinetics and toxicity are modulated by sodium in aquatic insects.

The salinization of freshwater ecosystems is emerging as a major ecological issue. Several anthropogenic causes of salinization (e.g.

Periphyton uptake and trophic transfer of coal fly-ash-derived trace elements.

To determine whether the bioavailability of trace elements derived from coal ash leachates varies with the geochemical conditions associated with their formation, we quantified periphyton bioaccumulation and subsequent trophic transfer to the mayfly Neocloeon triangulifer. Oxic ash incubations favored periphyton uptake of arsenic, selenium, strontium, and manganese, whereas anoxic incubations favored periphyton uptake of uranium. Mayfly enrichment was strongest for selenium, whereas biodilution was observed for strontium, uranium, and arsenic.