H105A peptide eye drops promote photoreceptor survival in murine and human models of retinal degeneration.

Background: Photoreceptor death leads to inherited blinding retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). As disease progression often outpaces therapeutic advances, developing effective treatments is urgent. This study evaluates the efficacy of small peptides derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), which are known to restrict common cell death pathways associated with retinal diseases.

H105A peptide eye drops promote photoreceptor survival in murine and human models of retinal degeneration.

Photoreceptor death causes blinding inheritable retinal diseases, such as retinitis pigmentosa (RP). As disease progression often outpaces therapeutic advances, finding effective treatments is urgent. This study focuses on developing a targeted approach by evaluating the efficacy of small peptides derived from pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF), known to restrict common cell death pathways associated with retinal diseases.

Nutrient sensitive protein -GlcNAcylation modulates the transcriptome through epigenetic mechanisms during embryonic neurogenesis.

Protein -GlcNAcylation is a dynamic, nutrient-sensitive mono-glycosylation deposited on numerous nucleo-cytoplasmic and mitochondrial proteins, including transcription factors, epigenetic regulators, and histones. However, the role of protein -GlcNAcylation on epigenome regulation in response to nutrient perturbations during development is not well understood. Herein we recapitulated early human embryonic neurogenesis in cell culture and found that pharmacological up-regulation of -GlcNAc levels during human embryonic stem cells' neuronal differentiation leads to up-regulation of key neurogenic transcription factor genes.

Saturated fatty acid regulated lncRNA dataset during human embryonic neurogenesis.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) were used as a model of embryonic neurogenesis to identify the effect of excess fat uptake on neurodevelopment (Ardah et al., 2018). Herein, by directed differentiation of hESCs into neurons using established protocols, this data was generated for expression profiles of select lncRNAs during embryonic neurogenesis and their differential expression due to excess fat (palmitate) uptake.

Saturated fatty acid alters embryonic cortical neurogenesis through modulation of gene expression in neural stem cells.

A perturbed maternal metabolic environment such as chronically elevated circulating free fatty acids have been shown to affect stem cell fate during embryonic neurogenesis. However, molecular mechanisms behind this are not well defined, especially in human. Here in using directed differentiation of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) into cortical neurons as model, we show that chronically elevated saturated fatty acid (palmitate) results in decreased proliferation of neural stem cells and increased differentiation into neurons.

Higher O-GlcNAc Levels Are Associated with Defects in Progenitor Proliferation and Premature Neuronal Differentiation during Human Embryonic Cortical Neurogenesis.

The nutrient responsive O-GlcNAcylation is a dynamic post-translational protein modification found on several nucleocytoplasmic proteins. Previous studies have suggested that hyperglycemia induces the levels of total O-GlcNAcylation inside the cells. Hyperglycemia mediated increase in protein O-GlcNAcylation has been shown to be responsible for various pathologies including insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease.

Effects of Aminoglycoside Antibiotics on Human Embryonic Stem Cell Viability during Differentiation In Vitro.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are being used extensively in array of studies to understand different mechanisms such as early human embryogenesis, drug toxicity testing, disease modeling, and cell replacement therapy. The protocols for the directed differentiation of hESCs towards specific cell types often require long-term cell cultures. To avoid bacterial contamination, these protocols include addition of antibiotics such as pen-strep and gentamicin.

Synergistic association of STX1A and VAMP2 with cryptogenic epilepsy in North Indian population.

Introduction: "Common epilepsies", merely explored for genetics are the most frequent, nonfamilial, sporadic cases in hospitals. Because of their much debated molecular pathology, there is a need to focus on other neuronal pathways including the existing ion channels.

Methods: For this study, a total of 214 epilepsy cases of North Indian ethnicity comprising 59.