Role of GSK-3 Inhibition in Alzheimer's Disease Therapy.

A serine/threonine kinase with a wide variety of substrates, Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3 (GSK-3) is widely expressed. GSK-3 is a key player in cell metabolism and signaling, modulating numerous cellular functions and playing significant roles in both healthy and diseased states. The two histopathological features of Alzheimer's disease, the intracellular neurofibrillary tangles composed of hyperphosphorylated tau, and the extracellular senile plaques composed of beta-amyloid, have been linked to GSK-3.

Biotechnological and Pharmaceutical Application of β-galactosidase Stabilized on Surface-modified Silica Nanoparticles.

Introduction: Nanoparticles used in enzyme immobilization offer a high surface area- to-volume ratio, high chemical and thermal stability, and resistance to microbial attack.

Methods: The present investigation demonstrates the immobilization of Aspergillus oryzae β- galactosidase on silica nanoparticles via covalent binding. A greater yield of enzyme immobilization (89%) was attained on the developed nanobiocatalyst.

Current Updates on Nanotechnology-based Drug Delivery Platforms for Treating Alzheimer's with Herbal Drugs.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an irreversible brain disorder that led to memory loss and disrupts daily life. Earlier strategies to treat AD such as acetylcholinesterase inhibitor (AChEI) drugs are not showing effectiveness due to the inability to cross the blood-brain barrier. Moreover, traditional AChEI provides limited efficacy in terms of bioavailability and solubility for treating AD treatment.

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet in Saudi Arabia and Its Association with Socioeconomic Status and Depression.

Several RCTs have reported significant reductions in depression symptoms with the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet), but observational studies have reported inconsistent findings. Moreover, studies have rarely investigated the mediating role of socioeconomic status (SES), including objective material status, in adherence to the MedDiet and its impact on depressive symptoms in the same population. Therefore, this cross-sectional study investigated the relationship between adherence to the MedDiet, socioeconomic factors, and depression severity.

Designing and Formulation of Nanocarriers for "Alzheimer's and Parkinson's" Early Detection and Therapy.

The potential of nanotechnology in advancing the diagnosis and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is explored in this comprehensive literature review. The findings of these studies suggest that nanotechnology has the capacity to improve existing therapeutic approaches, create novel and safe compounds, and develop more precise imaging techniques and diagnostic methods for neurodegenerative diseases. With the emergence of the nanomedicine era, a new and innovative approach of diagnosing and treating these conditions has been introduced.

Breast cancer vaccines; A comprehensive and updated review.

According to the International Agency for Research on Cancer, breast cancer is more common than lung cancer globally. By 2040, mortality from breast cancer will rise by 50% and 40%, respectively. Despite advances in chemotherapy, endocrine therapy, and HER2-targeted therapy, breast cancer metastases and recurrences remain challenging to treat.

Advances in preparation, biomedical, and pharmaceutical applications of chitosan-based gold, silver, and magnetic nanoparticles: A review.

During the last decades, the ever-increasing incidence of various diseases, like cancer, has led to a high rate of death worldwide. On the other hand, conventional modalities (such as chemotherapy and radiotherapy) have not indicated enough efficiency in the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. Thus, potential novel approaches should be taken into consideration to pave the way for the suppression of diseases.

Biotechnological application of galactosidase immobilized on glutaraldehyde modified zinc oxide nanoparticles.

The current research demonstrates the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO-NPs) via green nanotechnology approach ( leaves). The size of the synthesized ZnO-NPs was confirmed as 27 nm by TEM. Glutaraldehyde was used to modify the surface of the developed ZnO-NPs in order to promote covalent binding of β-galactosidase.

The functions and molecular mechanisms of Tribbles homolog 3 (TRIB3) implicated in the pathophysiology of cancer.

Currently, cancer ranks as the second leading cause of death worldwide, and at the same time, the burden of cancer continues to increase. The underlying molecular pathways involved in the initiation and development of cancer are the subject of considerable research worldwide. Further understanding of these pathways may lead to new cancer treatments.

Trend of social media use by undergraduate medical students; a comparison between medical students and educators.

Purpose: Social media (SM) is one of the most powerful tools of communication and learning in the recent era. Different types of information can be shared through these social networking sites in the form of texts, videos, pictures, audios, and references (contacts). Due to the constant increase in the use of these social networking sites in our daily routine life especially during the COVID 19 pandemic, their use in teaching and learning has become inevitable.

Stabilization of β-Galactosidase on Modified Gold Nanoparticles: A Preliminary Biochemical Study to Obtain Lactose-Free Dairy Products for Lactose-Intolerant Individuals.

The unique chemical, optical, and electrical characteristics of nanoparticles make their utilization highly successful in every field of biological sciences as compared to their bulk counterpart. These properties arise as a result of their miniature size, which provides them an excellent surface area-to-volume ratio, inner structure, and shape, and hence increases their surface characteristics. Therefore, this study was undertaken to engineer gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) for improving their catalytic activity and stability in biotechnological processes.

AA genotype of cyclin D1 G870A polymorphism increases breast cancer risk: Findings of a case-control study and meta-analysis.

Background: Cyclin D1 (CCND1) polymorphisms, a regulator of the cell cycle progress from G1 to the S phase, may lead to uncontrolled cell proliferation and lack of apoptosis. G870A, a common single-nucleotide polymorphism in CCND1 influences breast cancer risk. However, the association between G870A polymorphism and breast cancer risk is ambiguous so far.

Hepato-protective effect of Allium sativum against immobilization stress in rats.

The purpose of the current study was to examine immobilization stress-induced antioxidant defense changes and estimation of the antioxidant potential of pre and post stress treatment of aqueous garlic extract in rat's liver. For this purpose, male Albino Wistar rats were treated with aqueous garlic extract both pre and after 6 h of immobilization stress. Pro-oxidant status of rat liver was evaluated by determining the levels of reduced glutathione (GSH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), glucose, uric acid and the activities of super oxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST).

A novel homozygous nonsense mutation in CCDC88A gene cause PEHO-like syndrome in consanguineous Saudi family.

Progressive encephalopathy, edema, hypsarrhythmia, and optic atrophy (PEHO) syndrome is an unusual Mendelian phenotype of unidentified origin that causes profound intellectual disability, optic nerve/cerebellar atrophy, epileptic seizures, developmental progress, pedal edema, and early death. Uncharacteristic affected individuals are often classified as having PEHO-like syndrome, although they may be misdiagnosed as having epileptic encephalopathy, a potential result of early birth. In this study, we report a consanguineous Saudi family with a novel homozygous nonsense mutation of the CCDC88A gene causing PEHO-like syndrome.

Role of Nanodiamonds in Drug Delivery and Stem Cell Therapy.

Context: The use of nanotechnology in medicine and more specifically drug delivery is set to spread rapidly. Currently many substances are under investigation for drug delivery and more specifically for cancer therapy.

Evidence Acquisition: Nanodiamonds (NDs) have contributed significantly in the development of highly efficient and successful drug delivery systems, and in stem cell therapy.

Garlic extract attenuates immobilization stress-induced alterations in plasma antioxidant/oxidant parameters and hepatic function in rats.

Objective: To investigate the oxidative stress induced by 6 h of immobilization stress in Albino Wistar rats. Further, the pre- and post-treatment of aqueous garlic extract was studied to evaluate its preventive and curative efficacy on stress-induced altered oxidative parameters in rats.

Methods: Albino Wistar rats were exposed to 6 h of immobilization stress, and received garlic extract (100 mg/kg body weight) treatment pre- or post-stress exposure.

Downregulation of catalase by CuO nanoparticles hypermethylation of CpG island II on the catalase promoter.

The advent of nanotechnology has led to new applications of copper as antibiotic treatment alternatives, nanocomposite coatings, catalysts, and lubricants among others. However, few studies address the impact of nano-size copper on the molecular mechanism of eukaryotic cells. Therefore, in the present study, the human hepatic cell line (WRL-68) was used to evaluate the molecular mechanism involved in the adverse effect of CuO NPs.

Current opinion in Alzheimer's disease therapy by nanotechnology-based approaches.

Purpose Of Review: Nanotechnology typically deals with the measuring and modeling of matter at nanometer scale by incorporating the fields of engineering and technology. The most prominent feature of these engineered materials involves their manipulation/modification for imparting new functional properties. The current review covers the most recent findings of Alzheimer's disease (AD) therapeutics based on nanoscience and technology.

In vitro assessment of pharmaceutical potential of ethosomes entrapped with terbinafine hydrochloride.

The present study investigates the entrapment of terbinafine hydrochloride (TH) in ethosomal vesicles via unsonicated and sonication method. Carbopol 934P was incorporated in the best formulation, F6, obtained by sonication method. The formulated ethosomal gel obtained as such i.

Elucidating the binding efficacy of β-galactosidase on graphene by docking approach and its potential application in galacto-oligosaccharide production.

Herein, we propose the synthesis and characterization of graphene for the immobilization of β-galactosidase for improved galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) production. The size of synthesized graphene was observed to be 25 nm by TEM analysis while interaction of enzyme with the nanosupport was observed by FTIR spectroscopy. Docking was obtained using molecular docking program Dock v.

BAD, a Proapoptotic Protein, Escapes ERK/RSK Phosphorylation in Deguelin and siRNA-Treated HeLa Cells.

This study has been undertaken to explore the therapeutic effects of deguelin and specific siRNAs in HeLa cells. The data provided clearly show the silencing of ERK 1/2 with siRNAs and inhibition of ERK1/2 with deguelin treatment in HeLa cells. Additionally, we are providing information that deguelin binds directly to anti-apoptotic Bcl-2, Bcl-xl and Mcl-1 in the hydrophobic grooves, thereby releasing BAD and BAX from dimerization with these proteins.

Scope and Applications of Nanomedicines for the Management of Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by inflammation, demyelination and lesions in the central nervous system (CNS) that results in the physical and cognitive disabilities in patients. Immune cells get access into the brain region, after infection in the blood brain barrier (BBB) due to bacteria/virus or by genetic predisposition, where the autoimmune response may induce the demyelination, inflammation as well as neurodegeneration in brain areas. Various types of therapeutics are used worldwide approved by the food and drug administration (FDA) for the management of MS.

MicroRNAs as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention in colorectal cancer.

Introduction: MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small (19 - 22 nucleotide), non-protein-coding RNA segments that function as master regulators of hundreds of genes simultaneously in both normal and malignant cells. In colorectal cancer (CRC) miRNAs are deregulated and have critical roles in initiation and progression of CRC by interacting with various oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes including APC, KRAS and p53, or by modulating downstream signal transduction pathways. Numerous promising miRNAs have emerged as potential drug targets for therapeutic intervention and possible candidates for replacement therapy in CRC.

Nanoparticle-Based Therapy in Genomics.

In the modern era, humankind is making daily progress through industrialization. As various types of diseases are prevailing worldwide, scientists are using many approaches to manage these diseases, such as gene therapy. A nanoparticle (NP)-based approach is an example of a modern method used to address several pathologies.

Drug development of herbomineral capsule (ALG-06) used for hypopigmentation specially in vitiligo.

Many herbomineral preparations in traditional medicines are being used from time immemorial like Kushta Abrak Safaid, Busoor-e-Labinyah etc. as therapeutics remedies in common ailments such type of preparations are known to have additive and pronounced effects to cure any obstinate disease condition. The main objective of this research study is the formulation of herbomineral capsule (ALG-06) to treat such type of condition like hypopigmentation in case of vitiligo.