Autophagy related genes polymorphisms in Parkinson's Disease; A systematic review of literature.

Background: Neurodegenerative diseases are mainly a consequence of degenerated proteins in neurons. Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders and is characterized by Lewy body deposition. Autophagy is known as one of the cell maintenance mechanisms.

Investigation of Fibroblast Growth Factor Peptide Antagonist on Mouse Model Breast Tumor through ERK/MAPK and PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathways.

Background: In the majority of cancers, metastasis of tumor cells is the main cause of treatment failure. This study intended to investigate the effectiveness of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) peptide designed to inhibit tumor growth in 4T1 metastatic breast cancer through the PI3K/AKT and ERK/MAPK signal transduction pathways.

Methods: The tumor was induced through 4T1 tumor graft in BALB/c mice.