The indirect costs and burden of vaccine-preventable cancers premature mortality in Asia-Pacific countries.

Background: Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the Asia-Pacific region. Human papillomavirus (HPV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) are major cancer-causing infections. This analysis assessed the mortality impact and productivity losses due to HBV- and HPV-related cancers in ten Asia-Pacific countries.

The Effect of Treatment With Aminoguanidine, an Advanced Glycation End Product Inhibitor, on Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats and Its Effects on Physiological and Renal Functions.

Background/aim: Diabetes is a multifactorial syndrome that affects the functioning of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS). The role of advanced glycation end products (AGEs) in diabetes is well known. In the present study, we hypothesized that the prevention of AGE accumulation or abrogation of AGE synthesis using an AGE inhibitor, aminoguanidine (AG), in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic animal models would affect the progression of diabetes and its related complications.

Prevalence of chronic pain in Pakistan - a national survey.

Objective: To assess the prevalence of chronic pain, its physical and psychosocial impact on daily life, and the various therapies adopted to alleviate pain.

Methods: The cross-sectional population-based telephonic survey was conducted from May to July 2021 at Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan, and comprised patients of either gender aged at least 18 years suffering from chronic pain who visited the institutional laboratory collection centres. In the first phase, people who were suffering from chronic pain were screened, while in the second phase, data was collected using a detailed questionnaire exploring pain history, treatment and its effects.

Biochemical markers in the pathogenesis of preeclampsia: novel link between placental growth factor and interleukin-6.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a multisystem disorder of pregnancy characterized by sudden onset of hypertension and proteinuria. The appearance and diagnosis of the disease remain elusive and the only treatment is the termination of pregnancy. The onset of the disease is preceded by a shift in the balance of the angiogenic and antiangiogenic proteins in the maternal circulation.

Dynamic Hip Screw Fixation Vs. Proximal Femur Nail For Unstable Per-Trochanteric Fractures: A Comparative Analysis Of Outcomes And Complications.

Background: There are various implant choices to fix unstable per- trochanteric fractures. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of dynamic hip screw and proximal femur nail for unstable per-trochanteric fractures including complications associated with both fixations.

Methods: A retrospective analysis done on pertrochanteric fractures of femur who were treated with Dynamic hip Screw (DHS) and Proximal Femur Nail (PFN).

Evaluation of Patient Perception and Satisfaction Toward the Use of Telemedicine During Pandemic of Novel Coronavirus in Pakistan.

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Histological and cellular evaluation of anterior cruciate ligament.

Background: We hypothesized that the torn anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) demonstrates a great healing response after initial trauma and has competent cells leading to the healing but differs in its response based on the type of tear and duration of injury. This study aimed to evaluate the histological and cellular responses to the injured ACL.

Methods: Fifty-two tissue samples from the ACL were harvested from patients undergoing arthroscopy.

Perioperative Anaesthetic Management for Laparoscopic Gastrectomy in a Patient with Coarctation of Aorta.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a congenital condition, usually diagnosed and corrected early in life. Long-term survival with untreated coarctation is uncommon and is associated with high mortality rates in the fifth decade. A patient with CoA may present with problems while undergoing cardiac or non-cardiac surgical procedures which could pose considerable challenges in their anaesthetic management.

Pectoral Nerves I, II and Serratus Plane Blocks in Multimodal Analgesia for Mastectomy: A Randomised Clinical Trial.

Objective: To primarily assess pain score in first 24 hours in PECS (PECtoral Serratus) block group undergoing mastectomy; secondary objective was to observe opioid and antiemetic consumption in the postoperative period.

Study Design: Observer-blinded randomised control trial.

Place And Duration Of Study: Department of Anesthesiology, Shaukat Khanum Memorial Cancer Hospital Lahore (SKMCH), from February to December 2017.

Painless squeaking following cervical disc replacement: A case report.

Background: We present a case of painless squeaking following cervical disc replacement which to our knowledge has not previously been reported in the literature.

Methods: A 45 year old gentleman presented with severe right sided C6 radiculopathy. He complained of more than 6 weeks of severe dysaesthesia in the right arm with pain radiating into the hand, thumb, index, middle and ring fingers.

Neurokinin 3 receptor and phosphocholine transferase: missing factors for pathogenesis of C-reactive protein in preeclampsia.

C-reactive protein (CRP), an innate immune mediator, is elevated in the circulation before symptoms in patients with preeclampsia, a severe hypertensive pregnancy disorder with high mortality and morbidity. However, the specific sources underlying increased CRP and the role of elevated CRP in preeclampsia are undefined. Here, we report that circulating CRP levels are significantly increased in a large cohort of normotensive pregnant individuals when compared with nulligravid women and is further increased in patients with preeclampsia.

Pseudohypoparathyroidism as a rare cause of bilateral slipped capital femoral epiphysis.

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis (SCFE) is a disorder of adolescent age. Presentation of SCFE earlier than the expected age range should prompt the clinician to consider the presence of an underlying endocrinopathy. Early recognition and aggressive management of the predisposing endocrine disorder is crucial to prevent treatment failure and associated morbidity.

Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody-mediated soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 induction contributes to impaired adrenal vasculature and decreased aldosterone production in preeclampsia.

Preeclampsia (PE) is a life-threatening hypertensive disorder during pregnancy associated with decreased circulating aldosterone levels. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying aldosterone reduction in PE remain unidentified. Here we demonstrate that reduced circulating aldosterone levels in preeclamptic women are associated with the presence of angiotensin II type 1 receptor agonistic autoantibody and elevated soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1, 2 prominent pathogenic factors in PE.

Recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor 121 attenuates autoantibody-induced features of pre-eclampsia in pregnant mice.

Background: Pre-eclampsia (PE) is a serious hypertensive disorder of pregnancy characterized by excessive production of a soluble form of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor-1, termed soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1). This placental-derived factor is believed to be a key contributor to the clinical features of PE. Women with PE are also characterized by the presence of autoantibodies, termed angiotensin type 1 receptor activating autoantibody (AT(1)-AA), that activate the major angiotensin receptor, AT(1).

Short-term in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity testing systems for some water bodies of Northern India.

The genotoxicity of certain water bodies was evaluated employing the DNA repair defective mutants of Escherichia coli, induction of prophage lamda in the lysogen and the plasmid nicking assay. All the test DNA repair defective mutants invariably exhibited more sensitivity than their isogenic wild-type strains but distinctive patterns against the three water samples viz. industrial waste water and the groundwater samples obtained from industrial estate of Aligarh as well as river water of Yamuna at Agra.

Validation of plant based bioassays for the toxicity testing of Indian waters.

Plant-based bioassays have recently gained remarkable popularity among the toxicological/eco-toxicological assessment procedures. The reasons for their wide use are comparative simplicity, sensitivity, and cost-effectiveness as well as a good correlation with other toxicity tests. The present study describes the use of two plant bioassays, Allium cepa test and seed germination test in the evaluation of the toxicity/genotoxicity of industrial waste water and river water and standardization with the commonly occurring pollutants in Indian waters namely heavy metals and phenolics.

Angiotensin receptor agonistic autoantibody is highly prevalent in preeclampsia: correlation with disease severity.

Preeclampsia (PE), a syndrome affecting 5% of pregnancies, characterized by hypertension and proteinuria, is a leading cause of maternal and fetal morbidity and mortality. The condition is often accompanied by the presence of a circulating maternal autoantibody, the angiotensin II type I receptor agonistic autoantibody (AT(1)-AA). However, the prevalence of AT(1)-AA in PE remains unknown, and the correlation of AT(1)-AA titers with the severity of the disease remains undetermined.

Protective role of angiotensin II subtype 2 receptor in blood pressure increase in obese Zucker rats.

Earlier, we reported that there was an increase in angiotensin II type 2 (AT(2)) receptor expression in the renal proximal tubule, and selective activation of the AT(2) receptor by AT(2) agonist inhibits Na,K-ATPase activity in the proximal tubules and increases urinary Na excretion in obese Zucker rats. We hypothesized that the AT(2) receptor has a protective role against blood pressure increase in obese Zucker rats. To test this hypothesis, we treated obese Zucker rats with the AT(2) receptor antagonist PD123319 (PD; 30 microg/kg per minute) using osmotic pumps.

Impaired angiotensin II AT(1) receptor function and enhanced Na, K-ATPase affinity for sodium in proximal tubule of streptozotocin-treated diabetic rats.

We determined angiotensin II (Ang II) AT(1) receptor function in terms of Na-K-ATPAse (NKA) stimulation in the proximal tubule (PTs) of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Ang II (10 pM) stimulated NKA activity in PTs of control rats but not diabetic rats. The AT(1) receptor expression was similar, but the expression of G-proteins (G(i)alpha2 and G(i)alpha3) in the PTs was decreased in diabetic compared with control rats.

Enhanced AT1 receptor-mediated vasocontractile response to ANG II in endothelium-denuded aorta of obese Zucker rats.

In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that ANG II causes a greater vasoconstriction in obese Zucker rats, a model of type 2 diabetes, with mild hypertension. Measurement of isometric tension in isolated aortic rings with intact endothelium revealed a modest but not significantly greater ANG II-induced contraction in obese than lean rats. Removal of endothelium or inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) synthase by N(G)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME) enhanced 1) ANG II-induced contraction in both lean and obese rats, being significantly greater in obese rats (E(max) g/g tissue, denuded: lean 572 +/- 40 vs.

Renal angiotensin II AT2 receptors promote natriuresis in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.

Angiotensin II AT2 receptors have been implicated to play a role in the regulation of renal/cardiovascular functions under pathological conditions. The present study is designed to investigate the function of the AT2 receptors on renal sodium excretion and AT(2) receptor expression in the cortical membranes of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. The STZ treatment led to a significant weight loss, hyperglycemia, and decrease in plasma insulin levels compared with control rats.

Insulin treatment enhances AT1 receptor function in OK cells.

Increased renal sodium retention is considered a major risk factor contributing to hypertension associated with chronic hyperinsulinemia and obesity. However, the molecular mechanism involved is not understood. The present study investigates the effect of insulin treatment on AT1 receptor expression and ANG II-induced stimulation of Na/H exchanger (NHE) and Na-K-ATPase (NKA) in opossum kidney (OK) cells, a proximal tubule cell line.

The Salmonella mutagenicity of industrial, surface and ground water samples of Aligarh region of India.

The genotoxicity of three water bodies, viz. industrial waste water of Aligarh city, ground water pumped out from the industrial area of Aligarh, and river water of Yamuna, downstream of Agra, was carried out by means of Ames plate incorporation test and the Ames fluctuation test. All the test samples were significantly mutagenic in both the testing systems.