Neuroprotective effects of taurine in a rodent model of parkinson's disease involve modulating astrocyte-mediated inflammation.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by the loss of dopaminergic neurons due to oxidative stress and inflammation. Targeting inflammation and oxidative stress offers a promising means of slowing PD progression. Taurine, a naturally occurring amino sulfonic acid, has demonstrated potent antioxidant properties, thereby preventing cell death.

Preventive effect of a garlic compound on astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder characterized by dopaminergic neuron loss and resultant severe motor dysfunction. While current treatments primarily focus on maintaining dopamine levels, effective targeting of neuroinflammation, an important driver of disease progression, remains an unmet need. This study investigates the neuroprotective potential of BMDA (BMDA(N-benzyl-N-methyldecan-1-amine)), a natural compound derived from garlic with strong anti-inflammatory properties, using an MPTP (1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine)-induced mouse model of PD.

Two-dimensional nanozyme nanoarchitectonics customized electrochemical bio diagnostics and lab-on-chip devices for biomarker detection.

Recent developments in nanomaterials and nanotechnology have advanced biosensing research. Two-dimensional (2D) nanomaterials or nanozymes, such as metal oxides, graphene and its derivatives, transition metal dichalcogenides, metal-organic frameworks, carbon-organic frameworks and MXenes, have garnered substantial attention in recent years owing to their unique properties, including high surface area, excellent electrical conductivity, and mechanical flexibility. Moreover, 2D nanozymes exhibit intrinsic enzyme-mimicking properties, including those of peroxidase, oxidase, catalase, and superoxide dismutase, making them well-suited for detecting biomarkers of interest and developing bio diagnostics at the point-of-care.

Portable Amperometric Biosensor Enhanced with Enzyme-Ternary Nanocomposites for Prostate Cancer Biomarker Detection.

Enzyme-based portable amperometric biosensors are precise and low-cost medical devices used for rapid cancer biomarker screening. Sarcosine (Sar) is an ideal biomarker for prostate cancer (PCa). Because human serum and urine contain complex interfering substances that can directly oxidize at the electrode surface, rapid Sar screening biosensors are relatively challenging and have rarely been reported.

Fabrication of bio-mimic nanozyme based on Mxene@AuNPs and molecular imprinted poly(thionine) films for creatinine detection.

Creatinine (Ctn) is a biomarker for chronic kidney disease (CKD). In this study, a highly sensitive and specific detection method for Ctn based on a molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based electrochemical biosensor was developed. Mxene (Mx), which has high absorption properties, was modified using carbon screen-printed electrodes (SPCE).

Utilizing a Disposable Sensor with Polyaniline-Doped Multi-Walled Carbon Nanotubes to Enable Dopamine Detection in Ex Vivo Mouse Brain Tissue Homogenates.

Disposable sensors are inexpensive, user-friendly sensing tools designed for rapid single-point measurements of a target. Disposable sensors have become more and more essential as diagnostic tools due to the growing demand for quick, easy-to-access, and reliable information related to the target. Dopamine (DA), a prevalent catecholamine neurotransmitter in the human brain, is associated with central nervous system activities and directly promotes neuronal communication.

Amelioration of Astrocyte-Mediated Neuroinflammation by EI-16004 Confers Neuroprotection in an MPTP-induced Parkinson's Disease Model.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder that results in motor impairment due to dopaminergic neuronal loss. The pathology of PD is closely associated with neuroinflammation, which can be characterized by astrocyte activation. Thus, targeting the inflammatory response in astrocytes might provide a novel therapeutic approach.

Glutamate oxidase sheets-Prussian blue grafted amperometric biosensor for the real time monitoring of glutamate release from primary cortical neurons.

Glutamate (GLU) is a primary excitatory neurotransmitter, and its dysregulation is associated with several neurodegenerative disorders. A major challenge in GLU estimation is the existence of other biomolecules in the brain that could directly get oxidized at the electrode. Hence, highly selective electroenzymatic biosensors that enable rapid estimation of GLU are needed.

Ruthenium-Anchored Carbon Sphere-Customized Sensor for the Selective Amperometric Detection of Melatonin.

Melatonin (MT), a pineal gland hormone, regulates the sleep/wake cycle and is a potential biomarker for neurodegenerative disorders, depression, hypertension, and several cancers, including prostate cancer and hepatocarcinoma. The amperometric detection of MT was achieved using a sensor customized with ruthenium-incorporated carbon spheres (Ru-CS), possessing C- and O-rich catalytically active Ru surfaces. The non-covalent interactions and ion-molecule adducts between Ru and CS favor the formation of heterojunctions at the sensor-analyte interface, thus accelerating the reactions towards MT.

Emerging Trends in nanostructured materials-coated screen printed electrodes for the electrochemical detection of hazardous heavy metals in environmental matrices.

Heavy metal ions (HMIs) have become a significant contaminant in recent years. The increase in heavy metal pollution is a serious situation, requiring progressively robust, fast sensing, highly sensitive, and suitable techniques for heavy metal detection. Compared to other classical analytical methods, electroanalytical techniques, especially stripping voltammetric techniques with modified screen-printed electrodes (SPEs), have several advantages, such as fast sensing, great sensitivity, specificity, and long-time stability.

Conductive PEDOT:PSS copolymer electrode coatings for selective detection of dopamine in ex vivo mouse brain slices.

A novel voltammetric sensor was developed to selectively determine dopamine (DA) concentration in the presence of ascorbic acid (AA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC). This sensor utilizes a modified pencil graphite electrode (PGE) coated with a newly synthesized poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT):poly (styrene sulfonate-co-2-(3-(6-Methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl) ureido) ethyl methacrylate) (P(SS-co-UPyMA)) composite. The PEDOT:P(SS-co-UPyMA) (PPU) composite was characterized using nuclear magnetic resonance, X-ray photoelectron, and Raman spectroscopies.

Cationic nanoplastic causes mitochondrial dysfunction in neural progenitor cells and impairs hippocampal neurogenesis.

Nanoplastics (NPs) exposure to humans can occur through various routes, including the food chain, drinking water, skin contact, and respiration. NPs are plastics with a diameter of less than 100 nm and have the potential to accumulate in tissues, leading to toxic effects. This study aimed to investigate the neurotoxicity of polystyrene NPs on neural progenitor cells (NPCs) and hippocampal neurogenesis in a rodent model.

Fabrication of S and O-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride linked poly(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol) film for selective sensing of Hg ions in water, fish, and crab samples.

Screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCE) were modified with sulfur and oxygen-incorporated graphitic carbon nitride (S, O-GCN) linked poly(1,3,4-thiadiazole-2,5-dithiol) film (PTD) through thioester linkage. The promising interaction between the Hg and modified materials containing sulfur as well as oxygen through strong affinity was studied. This study was utilized for the electrochemical selective sensing of Hg ions by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV).

Enzyme Nanosheet-Based Electrochemical Aspartate Biosensor for Fish Point-of-Care Applications.

Bacterial infections in marine fishes are linked to mass mortality issues; hence, rapid detection of an infection can contribute to achieving a faster diagnosis using point-of-care testing. There has been substantial interest in identifying diagnostic biomarkers that can be detected in major organs to predict bacterial infections. Aspartate was identified as an important biomarker for bacterial infection diagnosis in olive flounder () fish.

Anti-Inflammatory and Neuroprotective Effects of Morin in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model.

Neurodegenerative diseases such as Parkinson's disease (PD) are known to be related to oxidative stress and neuroinflammation, and thus, modulating neuroinflammation offers a possible means of treating PD-associated pathologies. Morin (2',3,4',5,7-pentahydroxy flavone) is a flavonol with anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory effects found in wines, herbs, and fruits. The present study was undertaken to determine whether a morin-containing diet has protective effects in an MPTP-induced mouse model of PD.

Screen-printed carbon electrode modified with de-bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes for voltammetric determination of norepinephrine in ex vivo rat tissue.

A voltammetric sensor for norepinephrine (NE) detection was developed by modifying a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with de-bundled single-walled carbon nanotubes (D-SWCNTs). The de-bundling was carried out using a newly synthesized polymeric dispersant, a co-polymer of polystyrene sulfonate and methacrylate of lipoic acid. The D-SWCNTs/SPCE showed better sensitivity towards NE compared to the bare SPCE and that modified with bundled SWCNTs.

Anti-Inflammatory Effect of IKK-Activated GSK-3β Inhibitory Peptide Prevented Nigrostriatal Neurodegeneration in the Rodent Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive movement disorder caused by nigrostriatal neurodegeneration. Since chronically activated neuroinflammation accelerates neurodegeneration in PD, we considered that modulating chronic neuroinflammatory response might provide a novel therapeutic approach. Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK-3) is a multifunctional serine/threonine protein kinase with two isoforms, GSK-3α and GSK-3β, and GSK-3β plays crucial roles in inflammatory response, which include microglial migration and peripheral immune cell activation.

Anti-Inflammatory Effects of the Novel Barbiturate Derivative MHY2699 in an MPTP-Induced Mouse Model of Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, and is caused by the death of dopamine neurons and neuroinflammation in the striatum and substantia nigra. Furthermore, the inflammatory response in PD is closely related to glial cell activation. This study examined the neuroprotective effects of the barbiturate derivative, MHY2699 [5-(4-hydroxy 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2 thioxodihydropyrimidine-4,6(1H,5H)-dione] in a mouse model of PD.

Robust Nanozyme-Enzyme Nanosheets-Based Lactate Biosensor for Diagnosing Bacterial Infection in Olive Flounder ().

Bacterial infections in fish farms increase mass mortality and rapid detection of infection can help prevent its widespread. Lactate is an important biomarker for early diagnosis of bacterial infections in farmed olive flounder (). To determine the lactate levels, we designed a disposable amperometric biosensor based on Prussian blue nanozyme and lactate oxidase (LOX) entrapped in copolymer-reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) on screen-printed carbon electrodes.

Disposable Voltammetric Sensor Modified with Block Copolymer-Dispersed Graphene for Simultaneous Determination of Dopamine and Ascorbic Acid in Ex Vivo Mouse Brain Tissue.

Dopamine (DA) and ascorbic acid (AA) are two important biomarkers with similar oxidation potentials. To facilitate their simultaneous electrochemical detection, a new voltammetric sensor was developed by modifying a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) with a newly synthesized block copolymer (poly(DMAEMA--styrene), PDS) as a dispersant for reduced graphene oxide (rGO). The prepared PDS-rGO and the modified SPCE were characterized using a range of physical and electrochemical techniques including Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, cyclic voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, and linear sweep voltammetry.

Di--butyl phthalate disrupts neuron maturation in primary rat embryo neurons and male C57BL/6 mice.

Di--butyl phthalate (DBP) is commonly used as a plasticizer and its usage continues to increase in conjunction with plastic consumption. DBP is readily released into air, drinking water, and soil, and unfortunately, is a potent endocrine disrupter that impairs central nervous system functions. Previously DBP was found to (1) arrest the cell cycle of C17.

Polymer-dispersed reduced graphene oxide nanosheets and Prussian blue modified biosensor for amperometric detection of sarcosine.

A new disposable amperometric biosensor for sarcosine (Sar, a biomarker for prostate cancer) was designed based on screen-printed carbon electrodes, Prussian blue, polymer dispersed reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) nanosheets, and sarcosine oxidase (SOx). Poly(sodium 4-styrenesulfonate-r-LAHEMA) denoted as PSSL was newly synthesized as dispersant for rGO. The P-rGO was utilized for SOx immobilization, the sulfonate and disulfide functionalities in PSSL enable physical adsorption of SOx and its bioactivity and stability properties were improved.

Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Evernic Acid in an MPTP-Induced Parkinson's Disease Model.

Oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuroinflammation are strongly associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD), which suggests that anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory compounds might provide an alternative treatment for PD. Here, we evaluated the neuroprotective effects of evernic aid (EA), which was screened from a lichen library provided by the Korean Lichen Research Institute at Sunchon National University. EA is a secondary metabolite generated by lichens, including and , and several studies have described its anticancer, antifungal, and antimicrobial effects.

synthesis of copper-ruthenium bimetallic nanoparticles on laser-induced graphene as a peroxidase mimic.

A new type of disposable flexible sensor for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) detection was developed by in situ synthesis of copper-ruthenium bimetallic nanoparticles on a laser-induced graphene surface (Cu-Ru/LIG). The approach produced Cu-Ru/LIG via a solid phase transfer mechanism which loaded the metal precursor onto LIG, followed by laser scribing without demanding chemical vapor deposition or solution-based reactions. Cu-Ru/LIG showed a high electrocatalytic response toward H2O2 reduction at -0.