Diagnostic approach for incidental pulmonary nodules.

Lung cancer remains a leading cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide and is often diagnosed at an advanced stage, with poor survival outcomes. Early detection and appropriate management of incidental pulmonary nodules, frequently identified through low-dose computed tomography screening, are critical for improving prognosis and reducing lung cancer mortality. Established guidelines, including those of the Fleischner Society and American College of Radiology, provide structured recommendations for risk assessment, surveillance, and intervention.

Cross-Species Transmission of SARS-CoV-2 From Dogs to Hamsters and Pathological Changes in the Brain.

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), COVID-19 causative agent, infects several species. Although COVID-19 was reported in some dogs, their roles in transmitting SARS-CoV-2 to other species remain unclear. We investigated the ability of COVID-19 infected dogs to transmit SARS-CoV-2 virus to hamsters and assessed associated pulmonary and neuropathological changes in hamsters.

Antiviral effects of heme oxygenase-1 against canine coronavirus and canine influenza virus in vitro.

Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) has antioxidant, anti-apoptotic, and anti-inflammatory properties. Emerging evidence shows that HO-1 also exhibits antiviral activity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B virus, and Ebola virus. Its antiviral effects are mediated not only by its enzymatic function but also through the modulation of interferon-related pathways, thereby inhibiting viral replication.

Rottlerin inhibits macropinocytosis of Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus through the PKCδ-Cofilin signaling pathway.

Rottlerin exerts antiviral activity against various enveloped viruses, yet the mechanism by which it inhibits viral replication and the associated signaling pathways remains unclear. Here, we investigated the mechanisms for the antiviral effects of rottlerin against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus (PRRSV) in vitro. We demonstrate that PRRSV enters host cells via macropinocytosis.

Utility of hypervariable region in hepatitis E virus for genetic evolution analysis and epidemiological studies.

Clinical and experimental studies have advanced our understanding of hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection; however, translating the findings to improve prevention and clinical outcomes remains challenging. Phylogenetic analyses of HEV show inconsistencies due to variations in the nucleotide regions studied. This study examined specific HEV regions to facilitate comprehensive molecular and phylogenetic analyses by examining the complete genome and commonly studied partial genome regions.

Adherence to Pharmacological Management Guidelines for Stable Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease.

Background: This study evaluated adherence to the Global Initiative for Chronic Obstructive Lung Disease (GOLD) and Korean guidelines in the prescription patterns of respiratory specialists for stable chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) management.

Methods: Data were collected on medications from 2011 to 2022 using the Korea COPD Subtype Study (KOCOSS) cohort. Patients were divided into two groups: those registered before and after 2019, and we analyzed the percentage of patients meeting the recommended treatment criteria established by each guideline.

Antiviral activity of adenoviral vector expressing human interferon lambda-4 against influenza virus.

Interferon lambda (IFNλ), classified as a type III IFN, is a representative cytokine that plays an important role in innate immunity along with type I IFN. IFNλ can elicit antiviral states by inducing peculiar sets of IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs). In this study, an adenoviral vector expression system with a tetracycline operator system was used to express human IFNλ4 in cells and mice.

Neurologic Effects of SARS-CoV-2 Transmitted among Dogs.

SARS-CoV-2 induces illness and death in humans by causing systemic infections. Evidence suggests that SARS-CoV-2 can induce brain pathology in humans and other hosts. In this study, we used a canine transmission model to examine histopathologic changes in the brains of dogs infected with SARS-CoV-2.

External validation of deep learning-based automated detection algorithm for chest radiograph: practical issues in outpatient clinic.

Background: There have been no reports on diagnostic performance of deep learning-based automated detection (DLAD) for thoracic diseases in real-world outpatient clinic.

Purpose: To validate DLAD for use at an outpatient clinic and analyze the interpretation time for chest radiographs.

Material And Methods: This is a retrospective single-center study.

Production of a chimeric porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV)-2 vaccine using a lab-scale packed-bed bioreactor CelCradle.

Background: We developed a MARC-145 cell culture and porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) vaccine production using a novel CelCradle bioreactor. CelCradle is a packed-bed bioreactor capable of both batch and perfusion culture, and the operating parameters are easy to optimize.

Results: In this study, CelCradle reached a maximum cell density of 8.

Rottlerin-Liposome Inhibits the Endocytosis of Feline Coronavirus Infection.

Rottlerin (R) is a natural extract from with antiviral properties. Feline infectious peritonitis (FIP) is a fatal disease caused by feline coronavirus (FCoV) that is characterized by systemic granulomatous inflammation and high mortality. We investigated the antiviral effect of liposome-loaded R, i.

Characteristics of a Temperature-Sensitive Mutant Strain of Enteritidis and Its Potential as a Live Vaccine Candidate.

Enteritidis is a common foodborne pathogen transmitted through poultry products, which are its main carriers. Poultry are vaccinated against Enteritidis in many countries, despite the absence of clinical symptoms, using commercially available live-attenuated vaccines. We previously constructed a highly attenuated temperature-sensitive (ts) Enteritidis mutant, 2S-G10.

Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus Engineered by Serine Substitution on the 44th Amino Acid of GP5 Resulted in a Potential Vaccine Candidate with the Ability to Produce High Levels of Neutralizing Antibody.

N-linked glycans covering GP5 neutralizing epitopes of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) have been proposed to act as a sheath blocking the production of neutralizing antibodies. Herein, we genetically engineered PRRSV with serine (S) substitution on the 44th asparagine (N) on the GP5 ectodomain of PRRSV-2 lineage-1. To evaluate the recombinant PRRSV, in vivo experiments were performed in piglets.

Gustatory dysfunction perceptions versus objective gustatory dysfunction among older adults.

Background: Research on gustatory dysfunction among older adults has been scarce relative to research on olfactory dysfunction, and the relationship between subjective and objective gustatory dysfunction has not been studied in detail. We aimed to evaluate whether subjective recognition of gustatory dysfunction correlates with objective diagnosis of gustatory dysfunction among older adults.

Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, we reviewed the medical records of 138 patients of ages ≥ 60 years for whom data were available on self-reported and objectively measured gustatory and olfactory function from January 2018 through April 2021 at a specialized smell/taste center of a single institution.

Antimicrobial Activity of SWLA-1 and Its Cell-Free Supernatant against Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria and Its Potential Use as an Alternative to Antimicrobial Agents.

The emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria and the spread of antimicrobial resistance among various bacteria are major threats to the global community. Due to the increased failure of classical antibiotic treatments against MDR bacterial infections, probiotics and their antimicrobial compounds have been suggested as promising alternatives to deal with MDR bacteria. Various strains of lactic acid bacteria have been reported to produce antagonistic molecules against pathogens.

Genetic Analysis of Torque Teno Canis Virus Identified in Republic of Korea.

Torque teno canis virus (TTCaV) is an approximately 2.8 kb circular single-stranded DNA virus known to cause infections in dogs. However, its incidence in Republic of Korea remains unknown.

Antimicrobial activity of dominant Ligilactobacillus animalis strains in healthy canine feces and their probiotic potential.

The number of companion animals living with humans has continually increased over the last few decades, and so has the interest of owners and stakeholders in the animal food and probiotics industry. Currently, the probiotic bacteria added to the feed of companion animals predominantly originate from the lactic acid bacteria (LAB) used for humans; however, there are differences between the microbiota of humans and that of their companion animals. This study aimed to determine the dominant LAB in dog feces and investigate their functional properties.

Live recombinant Newcastle disease virus vectored vaccine expressing the haemagglutinin of H9N2 avian influenza virus suppresses viral replication in chickens.

In 2020, the Y280-lineage H9N2 low-pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) was introduced into South Korea for the first time. Current vaccines are focused on the control of Y439-like viruses; however, there are continuous reports of decrease in egg production and secondary infections caused by Y280-lineage H9N2 LPAI infection in chickens. Therefore, there is an urgent need to develop effective novel vaccines against Y280-lineage H9N2 LPAI.

Molecular surveillance of equine parvovirus-hepatitis from oral, nasal, vaginal, and semen specimens collected from horses living in Korea.

Equine parvovirus-hepatitis (EqPV-H) is one of the etiological agents of Theiler's disease, causing fulminant hepatitis; however, its transmission route and pathogenesis remain unclear. In the present study, we aimed to determine EqPV-H shedding in oral/nasal/vaginal swabs or semen samples from horses living in Korea using nested polymerase chain reaction. We then used the data obtained to investigate various risk factors associated with EqPV-H including viral shedding, hepatopathological changes, and genetic diversity.

Antiviral activity of canine interferon lambda 3 expressed using a recombinant adenovirus against canine coronavirus, canine parvovirus, and canine distemper virus.

Canine coronavirus (CCoV), canine parvovirus (CPV), and canine distemper virus (CDV) are highly contagious canine pathogens; dogs with these diseases are difficult to treat. In a previous study, we developed a recombinant adenovirus expressing canine interferon lambda 3 (Ad-caIFNλ3) in canine epithelial cells. In this study, we aimed to investigate the antiviral activity of Ad-caIFNλ3 against CCoV, CPV, and CDV in two canine cell lines, A72 and MDCK.

Evaluation of Immune Responses and Protective Efficacy of a Novel Live Attenuated Enteritidis Vaccine Candidate in Chickens.

An ideal vaccine for controlling infection in chicken flocks should be safe, inducing both humoral and cellular immunity. Live attenuated vaccines against Enteritidis (. Enteritidis) have been used as a potential control method of infection in the poultry industry.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome and sinonasal diseases: A case report and literature review.

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is an unusual inherited intestinal polyposis syndrome associated with distinct mucocutaneous pigmentation. Peutz-Jeghers syndrome is known to show variable penetrance and clinical heterogeneity. It can involve various organs and lead to intestinal and extra-intestinal malignancies.

Immunization with Virus-Like Particle Vaccine Protects Rabbits against Hepatitis E-3 Virus Infection.

Here, rabbits were immunized with a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine prepared by expressing 239 amino acids of the swine hepatitis E virus (HEV)-3 capsid protein using a baculovirus system. Thirty specific-pathogen-free rabbits were divided into five groups (negative and positive control and 10, 50, and 100 μg VLP-vaccinated). Positive control group rabbits showed viremia and fecal viral shedding, whereas rabbits vaccinated with 10 μg VLP showed transient fecal viral shedding, and rabbits vaccinated with 50 and 100 μg VLP did not show viremia or fecal viral shedding.

Cross-Species Transmission of Rabbit Hepatitis E Virus to Pigs and Evaluation of the Protection of a Virus-like Particle Vaccine against Rabbit Hepatitis E Virus Infection in Pigs.

We investigated the cross-species transmission of rabbit hepatitis E virus (rb HEV) to pigs and evaluated the cross-protection of a swine (sw) HEV-3 virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine against rb HEV infection in pigs. Twelve 4-week-old conventional pigs were divided into negative control ( = 3), positive control (rb HEV-infected, = 4), and vaccinated (vaccinated and rb HEV-challenged, = 5) groups. The vaccine was administered at weeks 0 and 2, and viral challenge was conducted at week 4.