Prescription distribution and inequities in diabetes care: A comparative analysis of continuous glucose monitoring access by diabetes status, ethnicity and socio-economic factors in England.

Background: Diabetes affects over 3.3 million people in England, creating a significant health and economic burden. Continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) improves diabetes management but remains unevenly accessible, especially among Black and minority groups who face onset at younger ages, higher diabetes rates and complications.

Fit-Fat Index and the risk of sudden cardiac death in Finnish men.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that the Fit-Fat Index (FFI), which combines measures of fitness and fatness, may offer a more accurate assessment of cardiometabolic risk than either component alone. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fatness indices, and FFI variants with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), and to evaluate their utility in SCD risk prediction.

Methods: Baseline assessments of CRF (measured using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during exercise testing) and fatness indices (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) were conducted in 1662 men aged 42-61 years.

IMpact of therapY using coleSevelam treatment reducing bile acids in patients with fonTan cIrCulation (MYSTIC): Rationale and Study Design.

Rationale: Patients with a Fontan circulation suffer from progressive multiorgan dysfunction, yet central biochemical drivers remain poorly defined. Our recent work exploring metabolomic analyses have identified markedly elevated circulating bile acids (BAs) in adult Fontan patients compared with healthy controls. Elevated BAs, especially secondary and hydrophobic ones produced by the gut microbiome were found to correlate with worse exercise capacity, greater frailty, and impaired hemodynamics.

Sleep duration and quality, physical activity and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: findings from the English Longitudinal study of Ageing.

We aimed to assess the prospective associations of sleep duration and quality with the risk of cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and the interplay with physical activity. Sleep duration and quality and physical activity were self-reported using standardized questionnaires. Cardiometabolic multimorbidity was defined as the presence of at least two multiple long-term conditions (hypertension, diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, and other cardiovascular diseases) at follow-up.

Association between weight-adjusted waist index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity in older adults: Findings from the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing.

The weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) is a novel anthropometric measure designed to better reflect central obesity than traditional indices such as body mass index and waist circumference (WC). This study examined the prospective association between WWI and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) and evaluated its predictive utility. We included 3,348 participants (mean age 63 years; 45.

Impact of Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: Results From the Finnish Kardio Multicentre Registry.

Background: Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common comorbidities among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Both conditions are associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. However, the joint prognostic impact of HF and CKD in this patient population remains unclear.

High-density lipoprotein cholesterol, particles and subspecies and the risk of chronic kidney disease: The PREVEND prospective study.

Background: The relationships between high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL particle concentration (HDL-P), and HDL subspecies with the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD) have not been well characterized. This study aimed to examine these associations and evaluate the role of alcohol consumption as a potential confounder or effect modifier.

Methods: Data was analyzed from 4,179 individuals (mean age: 52 years; 47.

A paradoxical association between A Body Shape Index and cardiometabolic multimorbidity: Findings from the English longitudinal study of ageing.

Background And Aims: A Body Shape Index (ABSI) is a novel metric designed to more accurately reflect abdominal adiposity and visceral fat distribution - factors more strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk than body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC). The association between ABSI and cardiometabolic multimorbidity (CMM) is unclear. This study aimed to assess the prospective association between ABSI and CMM risk, and to directly compare this association with those of other adiposity measures (BMI, WC, height, and weight) on CMM risk within the same population.

Associations of Multimarkers of Metabolic Malnutrition and Inflammation with All-Cause Mortality by Multimorbidity Status.

: The metabolic vulnerability index (MVX)-a composite biomarker reflecting metabolic malnutrition and inflammation-is associated with increased mortality risk, but its association across different levels of chronic disease burden has not been explored. We aimed to examine the associations of MVX and its subcomponents (Inflammation Vulnerability Index, IVX and Metabolic Malnutrition Index, MMX) with all-cause mortality according to multimorbidity status. : In the PREVEND study, which included 6054 participants (mean age 54 years; 49.

Global, Regional, and National Burden of Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Importance: Nontraumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) represents the third most common stroke type with unique etiologies, risk factors, diagnostics, and treatments. Nevertheless, epidemiological studies often cluster SAH with other stroke types leaving its distinct burden estimates obscure.

Objective: To estimate the worldwide burden of SAH.

Muscle Power Versus Strength as a Predictor of Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Men and Women.

Objective: To assess whether muscle power (force times velocity) outperforms strength as a risk indicator and predictor of mortality.

Participants And Methods: Anthropometric, clinical and vital status, muscle power, and strength data were assessed in 3889 individuals aged 46 to 75 years (2636 [67.8%] men) who were participants in the CLINIMEX Exercise prospective cohort between February 13, 2001, and October 31, 2022.

Comparison of inspiratory muscle strength and aerobic exercise training and detraining on blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Background: This study evaluated the effectiveness of inspiratory muscle strength training (IMST) as a time-efficient alternative to widely recommended aerobic exercise (AE) for reducing and maintaining blood pressure in hypertensive patients.

Methods: Twenty-eight hypertensive patients (aged 61 ± 7 years) were randomly assigned to IMST ( = 14) and AE ( = 14) groups. The IMST performed 30 breaths/session at 75% of maximal inspiratory pressure (PI), totaling about 8 minutes, 5 days/week.

Associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, particles and subspecies with the risk of hypertension: findings from the PREVEND prospective study.

Objective: The prospective associations of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), HDL particle (HDL-P) and subspecies concentrations with the risk of hypertension are uncertain. We aimed to evaluate the associations of HDL parameters with incident hypertension risk and their interplay with alcohol consumption in the PREVEND study.

Methods: HDL parameters as measured by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy and self-reported alcohol consumption were assessed in 3263 participants (mean age, 49 years; 45.

Impaired Endothelial Function in Individuals With Post-Acute Sequelae of COVID-19: Effects of Combined Exercise Training.

Purpose: We investigated the presence of impaired endothelial function in individuals with post-acute sequelae of coronavirus disease-2019 (PASC) compared to healthy individuals and explored the efficacy of combined exercise training in restoring or improving endothelial function in those with PASC.

Methods: Study I was a cross-sectional study which compared endothelial function between individuals with PASC (n = 29, mean age 22.9 ± 3.

Higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels attenuate but do not negate the heightened risk of sudden cardiac death due to obesity: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Higher levels of CRF have been demonstrated to attenuate or negate the adverse cardiovascular impacts of other risk factors. We aimed to assess the interplay between body mass index (BMI), CRF and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk.

Methods: Body mass index was calculated based on guideline recommendations and CRF assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during clinical exercise testing at baseline in 2308 men aged 42-61 years of age.

Dietary flaxseed: Cardiometabolic benefits and its role in promoting healthy aging.

Flaxseed, a rich source of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), lignans, and soluble fiber, has attracted attention for its potential to improve multiple cardiometabolic risk factors. While its benefits are well-recognized, comprehensive evaluations of its direct impact on clinical outcomes, such as the prevention or progression of cardiometabolic diseases, remain limited. Additionally, its potential to support healthy aging and longevity through fundamental biological mechanisms has not been fully elucidated.

Longitudinal increase in physical activity and adverse cardiovascular outcomes following the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome.

Objectives: Physical activity (PA) provides protective effects against cardiovascular diseases, including ischaemic heart disease. However, recommending moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) to patients with recent acute coronary syndrome (ACS) raises concerns owing to potential risk of recurrent ACS or fatal arrhythmias. This study investigated the association between longitudinal PA changes following an ACS diagnosis and subsequent cardiovascular outcomes, including non-fatal coronary events, non-fatal stroke and cardiovascular mortality.

The Interplay of Type 2 Diabetes Status, Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level, and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: To evaluate the individual and joint effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) status and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk.

Methods: Prevalent T2D was defined based on guideline recommendations, and CRF level was assessed using a respiratory gas-exchange analyzer during exercise testing at baseline, in 2308 men aged 42-61 years. T2D status was classified as either "Yes" or "No," and CRF level was classified as low, medium, or high.

Association of intra-articular injection and knee arthroscopy prior to primary knee replacement with the timing and outcomes of surgery: Retrospective cohort study using data from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink GOLD database.

Background: Patients with symptomatic knee osteoarthritis may undergo non-surgical interventions such as intra-articular steroid injections and knee arthroscopy. This study aimed to investigate their association with the timing and outcomes of subsequent primary knee replacement.

Methods And Findings: Observational retrospective analysis of linked Clinical Practice Research Datalink, Hospital Episode Statistics, Patient Reported Outcome Measures (CPRD GOLD-HES-PROMS) data of 38,494 patients undergoing primary knee replacements in England.

Hypertension and diabetes control: faith-based centres offer a promise for expanding screening services and linkage to care in Ghana.

Background: Hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are important contributors to noncommunicable disease related morbidity and mortality. Health systems could benefit from exploring the use of Faith-Based Centres (FBC) to screen and link suspected cases for further care in order to help achieve Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 3. The study investigated the role of faith-based screening for T2DM and hypertension and the linkage of cases to the healthcare system and examined the care cascade in the Kassena Nankana Districts of Northern Ghana.