Fit-Fat Index and the risk of sudden cardiac death in Finnish men.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that the Fit-Fat Index (FFI), which combines measures of fitness and fatness, may offer a more accurate assessment of cardiometabolic risk than either component alone. We aimed to investigate the prospective associations of cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), fatness indices, and FFI variants with the risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD), and to evaluate their utility in SCD risk prediction.

Methods: Baseline assessments of CRF (measured using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during exercise testing) and fatness indices (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR)) were conducted in 1662 men aged 42-61 years.

Impact of Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease on All-Cause Mortality in Patients Undergoing Coronary Angiography: Results From the Finnish Kardio Multicentre Registry.

Background: Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common comorbidities among patients undergoing coronary angiography. Both conditions are associated with increased risk of adverse cardiovascular outcomes and mortality. However, the joint prognostic impact of HF and CKD in this patient population remains unclear.

Associations of serum n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid concentrations with heart rate at rest, during and after exercise in men.

Background And Aims: N-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), especially linoleic acid (LA), have been inversely associated with cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, potential mechanisms underlying these associations are not completely known. We evaluated the associations of the serum concentrations of total n-6 PUFA, LA, arachidonic acid (AA), gamma-linolenic acid (GLA), and dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid (DGLA), with resting heart rate (HR), maximal HR during exercise and HR recovery after exercise.

Higher cardiorespiratory fitness levels attenuate but do not negate the heightened risk of sudden cardiac death due to obesity: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Higher levels of CRF have been demonstrated to attenuate or negate the adverse cardiovascular impacts of other risk factors. We aimed to assess the interplay between body mass index (BMI), CRF and sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk.

Methods: Body mass index was calculated based on guideline recommendations and CRF assessed using a respiratory gas exchange analyzer during clinical exercise testing at baseline in 2308 men aged 42-61 years of age.

The Interplay of Type 2 Diabetes Status, Cardiorespiratory Fitness Level, and Sudden Cardiac Death: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background: To evaluate the individual and joint effects of type 2 diabetes (T2D) status and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) level with sudden cardiac death (SCD) risk.

Methods: Prevalent T2D was defined based on guideline recommendations, and CRF level was assessed using a respiratory gas-exchange analyzer during exercise testing at baseline, in 2308 men aged 42-61 years. T2D status was classified as either "Yes" or "No," and CRF level was classified as low, medium, or high.

Associations of the serum -6 PUFA concentrations with exercise-induced myocardial ischaemia in middle-aged and older men.

-6 PUFA, especially linoleic acid (LA) but also arachidonic acid (AA), have been inversely associated with CHD. However, mechanisms underlying these associations are not fully known. We investigated the associations of the serum concentrations of total -6 PUFA, LA, AA, -linolenic acid (GLA) and dihomo--linolenic acid (DGLA), with the odds of myocardial ischaemia during exercise, a predictor of future cardiac events.

Enhancing Cardiorespiratory Fitness Through Sauna Bathing: Insights From the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Prospective Study.

Purpose: The physiological adaptations stimulated by a sauna bath (SB) are similar to those produced by moderate- or high-intensity physical activity (PA), but the relationship between SB and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is not clear. The objective of this study was to evaluate the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between frequency and duration of SB with CRF.

Methods: Baseline SB habits were assessed in 2012 men aged 42 -61 yr.

Hemodynamic gain index and risk of ventricular arrhythmias: a prospective cohort study.

Hemodynamic gain index (HGI), a novel hemodynamic index obtained from cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPX), is associated with adverse cardiovascular outcomes. However, its specific relationship with ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) is unknown. We aimed to assess the association of HGI with risk of VAs in a prospective study.

Sauna bathing and mortality risk: unraveling the interaction with systolic blood pressure in a cohort of Finnish men.

: This cohort study aimed to investigate the potential interplay between systolic blood pressure (SBP), frequency of sauna bathing (FSB), and all-cause mortality risk among Caucasian men. : A prospective study was conducted, involving 2575 men aged 42 to 61 years. Baseline assessments included resting blood pressure measurements and self-reported sauna bathing habits.

Baseline and usual triglyceride-glucose index and the risk of chronic kidney disease: a prospective cohort study.

Triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index is an emerging marker of adverse cardiometabolic conditions such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. The long-term relevance of TyG index to chronic kidney disease (CKD) is uncertain. We aimed to assess the association of TyG index with CKD risk and its utility in risk prediction in a prospective study.

A machine learning based approach to identify carotid subclinical atherosclerosis endotypes.

Aims: To define endotypes of carotid subclinical atherosclerosis.

Methods And Results: We integrated demographic, clinical, and molecular data (n = 124) with ultrasonographic carotid measurements from study participants in the IMPROVE cohort (n = 3340). We applied a neural network algorithm and hierarchical clustering to identify carotid atherosclerosis endotypes.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Risk of Aortic Stenosis (from a Prospective Cohort Analysis).

Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is a major risk factor and predictor of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between CRF and risk of aortic stenosis (AS) has not been previously investigated. Thus, we aimed to assess the prospective association between CRF and risk of AS.

Interplay Between Fitness, Systolic Blood Pressure and Sudden Cardiac Death (from a Cohort Study).

Modifiable risk factors, such as blood pressure and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) play a role in the genesis of sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, data on their joint contributions to SCD risk are scarce. We aimed to evaluate the interplay between systolic blood pressure (SBP), CRF, and SCD risk in a cohort of men.

Cross-Sectional Gene-Smoking Interaction Analysis in Relation to Subclinical Atherosclerosis-Results From the IMPROVE Study.

Background: Smoking is associated with carotid intima-media thickness (C-IMT). However, knowledge about how genetics may influence this association is limited. We aimed to perform nonhypothesis driven gene-smoking interaction analyses to identify potential genetic variants, among those included in immune and metabolic platforms, that may modify the effect of smoking on carotid intima-media thickness.

Serum C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio may be a potential risk indicator for venous thromboembolism: Findings from a prospective cohort study.

Background And Aims: Circulating C-reactive protein (CRP) and albumin are commonly used inflammatory biomarkers. C-reactive protein-to-albumin ratio (CAR), a novel inflammatory biomarker, has been suggested to be a more reliable risk indicator compared to CRP or albumin alone. An inflammatory hypothesis has been postulated in VTE aetiology, but the association between CAR and VTE has not been investigated.

Long-term changes in sense of coherence and mortality among middle-aged men: A population -based follow-up study.

Sense of coherence (SOC) scale measures one's orientation to life. SOC is the core construct in Antonovsky's salutogenic model of health. It has been shown that weak SOC correlates with poor perceived health, low quality of life, and increased mortality.

Independent and Joint Associations of Exercise Blood Pressure and Cardiorespiratory Fitness With the Risk of Cardiovascular Mortality.

Background: We tested the hypothesis that an exaggerated systolic blood pressure (ESBP) at maximal exercise workload would be associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, and that high cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) attenuates this risk.

Methods: This prospective study was based on the general population sample of 1,481 men (aged 42-61 years) who did not have a history of CVD at baseline and were followed up in the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease cohort study. Exercise blood pressure and CRF were measured during cardiopulmonary exercise testing, and an ESBP was defined by a peak systolic blood pressure ≥210 mm Hg and CRF categorized as tertiles and unfit and fit groups.

Causal analysis of plasma IL-8 on carotid intima media thickness, a measure of subclinical atherosclerosis.

Background: We investigated the causality of IL-8 on carotid intima-media thickness (c-IMT), a measure of sub-clinical atherosclerosis.

Methods: The IMPROVE is a multicenter European study (n = 3,711). The association of plasma IL-8 with c-IMT (mm) was estimated by quantile regression.

Associations of Cardiorespiratory Fitness With Estimated Remnant Cholesterol and Non-High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol in Healthy Men.

Remnant cholesterol (RC) and non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) may contribute to the residual risk for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. High cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is associated with favorable traditional lipid profiles, but its relation with RC and non-HDL-C remains unclear. We analyzed cross-sectional data on 4,613 healthy men (mean age 49 years).