The added value of apparent diffusion coefficient assessments in O-RADS MRI evaluation for characterizing ovarian masses with solid components.

Background: Integrating diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) measurements with existing MR imaging protocols improves the differentiation between benign and malignant adnexal lesions. We aimed to assess the additional value of quantitative ADC in diagnosing adnexal masses classified by the O-RADS-MRI score and evaluate the impact on diagnostic performance.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study analyzed 159 patients with 218 ovarian masses, classified into benign, borderline, and malignant groups via histopathological evaluation.

Clinical characteristics and predictors of survival in 284 patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer: a large-scale retrospective analysis.

Background: This study aimed to analyze clinical characteristics, recurrence patterns, and survival predictors in patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of 284 patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer treated at our institution between 2012 and 2022. Clinical data, recurrence patterns, treatment modalities, and survival outcomes were evaluated.

Chemo-radiotherapy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical hysterectomy in women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer: Do we need to change the therapeutic approach? A cohort study.

Background: Chemoradiotherapy is recommended as the standard treatment for advanced cervical cancer, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) can be beneficial for patients on long radiotherapy waiting lists. This study aimed to evaluate the need for chemoradiotherapy after NACT and radical hysterectomy in women with stage IB-IIB cervical cancer.

Methods: This was a retrospective, cohort study.

Diagnostic accuracy of plasma microRNA as a potential biomarker for detection of endometriosis.

Endometriosis is a complex condition with a wide range of clinical manifestations, presenting significant challenges, particularly for young women. Its diverse and often perplexing presentations pose difficulties within the medical community. Laparoscopy remains the gold-standard diagnostic tool for endometriosis.

The role of single-dose prophylactic methotrexate in the prevention of post-molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia in patients with high-risk molar pregnancy.

Introduction: Prophylactic chemotherapy (PC) has been suggested to be effective in prevention of post molar gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (PGTN) in patients with high-risk molar pregnancies. The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy of single dose methotrexate as PC in terms of spontaneous remission, time to remission, and progression to PGTN.

Materials And Methods: Patients with molar pregnancy were recruited to the study and underwent cervical dilation and suction curettage.

Clinical features and survival rate of patients with ovarian granulosa cell tumor in Iran; a 10-year retrospective study.

Introduction: Ovarian granulosa cell tumor (OGCT) is a rare female pathology with few available demographic data. Besides, there are no comprehensive clinical characteristics regarding the OGCT in Iran. Thus, this study aimed to assess the clinical features and survival rate of OGCT patients in Iran to expand the scope of knowledge in this field.

Type-specific human papillomavirus prevalence in women referred for colposcopy in Tehran.

Background And Objectives: Although several studies have been achieved on the frequency of the HPV types among women with cervical cancer in Iran, HPV-positive samples were in some cases directed to specific-primer genotyping of HPV 16 and 18. Therefore, the other HPV types are underestimated. Several studies have also reported a greater prevalence of HPV 16 in cervical cancer in Iran than in the world.

Pattern Recognition or Adnexal MR Scoring System: Which Is More Accurate in Evaluating Adnexal Lesions?

Purpose: This study aims to compare the accuracy of the ADNEX MR scoring system and pattern recognition system to evaluate adnexal lesions indeterminate on the US exam.

Methods: In this cross-sectional retrospective study, pelvic DCE-MRI of 245 patients with 340 adnexal masses was studied based on the ADNEX MR scoring system and pattern recognition system.

Results: ADNEX MR scoring system with a sensitivity of 96.

The expression analysis of human endogenous retrovirus-K Env, Np9, and Rec transcripts in cervical cancer.

While infection with high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) types is necessary for cervical cancer (CC) development, it is not enough, and other risk factors are required. Several studies have reported the activation of HERV-K in different cancers; however, the investigation of HERV-K expression levels in CC is scarce. In this study, it was hypothesized that activation of HERV-K could play an essential role in CC development.

Hypofractionated versus standard chemoradiotherapy in the definitive treatment of uterine cervix cancer: interim results of a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Purpose: Concurrent chemoradiation has been the mainstay of treatment for cervix cancer. We aimed to evaluate the non-inferiority of hypofractionated chemoradiation.

Methods: This study was designed as a phase 2, 1:1 randomized, investigator-blinded, controlled, non-inferiority trial and we report the interim results after 50% accrual.

A Virtual Instructional Design Improved Breaking Bad News in Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents.

Objective: Breaking bad news to the patient is challenging, especially for the physicians and the residents, due to the lack of structured and practical training. This study aimed to design and evaluate a novel virtual instructional design for improving obstetrics and gynecology (Ob/Gyn) residents breaking bad news skills.

Materials And Methods: Virtual instructional design was performed based on the ADDIE model (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation) from September 2020 to July 2021 at the Department of Ob/Gyn, a referral hospital affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran.

Resistance to single-agent chemotherapy in low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia.

Background: Methotrexate (MTX) and actinomycin D (ActD) have been used as first-line chemotherapy agents in the treatment of low-risk gestational trophoblastic neoplasia (GTN). Although low-risk GTN is considered a curable disease, its reported primary remission rates of 49 to 93% reflect the difficulties of treatment and different factors influencing it. Hence, this study aimed to determine the remission rates and related factors of single-agent chemotherapy resistance in low-risk GTN patients.

Rare presentation of retroperitoneal leiomyosarcoma mimicking a myoma in a 46-year-old woman: A case report.

Retroperitoneal sarcoma is relatively uncommon. We share our experience in encountering retroperitoneal sarcoma with vascular and urethral adhesion in a 46-year-old woman. Given the rarity of these tumors, evaluation and management should ideally be performed in a center equipped with multidisciplinary expertise in treating sarcomas.

Copy Number Variation of Circulating Tumor DNA (ctDNA) Detected Using NIPT in Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy-Treated Ovarian Cancer Patients.

Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) can be used to characterize and monitor cancers. Recently, non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT) as a new next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based approach has been applied for detecting ctDNA. This study aimed to investigate the copy number variations (CNVs) utilizing the non-invasive prenatal testing in plasma ctDNA from ovarian cancer (OC) patients who were treated with neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC).

Pathologic examination of the placenta and its benefits in treatment plan or follow-up of patients: a cross-sectional study.

Background: The placental examination provides important information about the effect of maternal abnormalities on the placenta or the cause of preterm delivery, fetal growth restriction, or fetal neurodevelopmental damage. In this study, the frequency of placental pathologies of patients in a tertiary hospital was investigated.

Methods: In this longitudinal and cross-sectional study, all removed placentas after any type of pregnancy termination referred to a pathological examination, within 1 year (2019-2020).

Ovarian small cell carcinoma by ovarian torsion feature: A cytopathology challenging case.

Introduction And Importance: Ovarian small cell carcinomas are a rare type of ovarian cancer that is highly aggressive and consists of two distinct types the hypercalcemic type (SCCOHT) and pulmonary type (SCCOPT).

Case Presentation: A 23 years old girl was admitted to the emergency room with the presentation of acute abdomen. The ultrasound and Magnetic resonance imaging revealed a right adnexal huge mass with adnexal torsion.

A Systematic Review on Overall Survival and Disease-Free Survival Following Total Pelvic Exenteration.

Backgrounds: Total Pelvic Exenteration (TPE) is a radical operation for malignancies in which all of the organs inside the pelvic cavity, including the female reproductive organs, the lower urinary tract, and a part of the rectosigmoid are removed. In this study, we aimed to conduct a systematic review to assess the overall survival (OS) and disease-free survival (DFS) following TPE.

Methods: This systematic review is composed of a comprehensive review of PubMed and Scopus databases with various related keywords to synthesis the overall survival and disease-free survival following TPE.

Effectiveness of Megestrol for the Treatment of Patients with Atypical Endometrial Hyperplasia or Endometrial Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma (Stage IA, Well Differentiated).

Objective: We aimed to evaluate treatment responses and recurrence rate of atypical endometrial hyperplasia (AEH) and endometrial endometrioid adenocarcinoma (EA) with Stage IA Grade 1 to megestrol in Iranian patients who are candidates for medical treatments.

Methods: In a retrospective cohort study that was conducted on 50 patients with AEH and 22 patients with EA who were referred to the oncology clinic of Imam Khomeini Hospital, Tehran, Iran, during 2006-2016, we recruited all patients with AEH or EA of Stage IA Grade 1 and their disease was diagnosed during endometrial curettage with or without hysteroscopy. Patients were initially treated with 160 mg of megestrol daily, along with aspirin up to 3 months, and then after 3-4 weeks of discharge of the drugs, patients underwent curettage with hysteroscopy.

The Outcome of Locally Advanced Cervical Cancer in Patients Treated with Neoadjuvant Chemotherapy Followed by Radical Hysterectomy and Primary Surgery.

Background: In recent years, before radical hysterectomy, neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) has been administered to patients with locally advanced cervical cancer to shrink large tumors. It has been reported that this treatment significantly reduces the need for radiotherapy after surgery. The current study aimed to assess the outcome (survival, recurrence, and the need for adjuvant radiotherapy) of locally advanced cervical cancer in patients treated with NACT followed by radical hysterectomy and primary surgery.

Aggressive angiomyxoma of the pelvis surgical management in a case with delayed diagnosis.

Introduction And Importance: Aggressive angiomyxoma is characterized as a non-capsulated soft mass with the ability to progress to surrounding tissues but without metastasis to distant tissues. Slowing tumor extension leading delayed tumor diagnosis, expression of different types of hormonal receptors, therapeutic ineffectiveness of noninvasive treatment approaches and misdiagnosis have remained as the major challenges for managing this tumor.

Case Presentation: Herein, we described a case of aggressive angiomyxoma located in the posterior of the uterus and vagina that as successfully managed surgically to remove tumor mass followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonist to prevent tumor recurrence.

Culturally and Linguistically Appropriate Hospital Services Reduce Medicare Length of Stay.

Introduction: Almost 40% of the 63 million Americans who speak a language other than English have limited English proficiency (LEP). This communication barrier can result in poor quality care and potentially adverse health outcomes. Of particular interest is that the greatest proportion of LEP adults are aged >65 years and will face barriers and delays in accessing high-quality care.

P16INK4A Immunohistochemistry as a Gold Standard for Cervical Cancer and Precursor Lesions Screening.

Background: High-risk (HR) Human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are known as the main factors implicated in the pathogenesis of cervical preinvasive and invasive lesions. Therefore, the presence or absence of HR-HPV can be followed for the prognosis of low-grade and high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Since the overexpression of p16INK4a protein depends on the presence of transcriptionally-active HPV, and due to its availability and simple interpretation, it may be considered as a proper marker to diagnose cervical cancer.

A Diagnostic Algorithm using Multi-parametric MRI to Differentiate Benign from Malignant Myometrial Tumors: Machine-Learning Method.

This study aimed to develop a diagnostic algorithm for preoperative differentiating uterine sarcoma from leiomyoma through a supervised machine-learning method using multi-parametric MRI. A total of 65 participants with 105 myometrial tumors were included: 84 benign and 21 malignant lesions (belonged to 51 and 14 patients, respectively; based on their postoperative tissue diagnosis). Multi-parametric MRI including T1-, T2-, and diffusion-weighted (DW) sequences with ADC-map, contrast-enhanced images, as well as MR spectroscopy (MRS), was performed for each lesion.