Predicting cognitive functioning in mood disorders through smartphone typing dynamics.

Mood disorders (MDs) such as major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder are associated with significant functional impairments, particularly in cognition, which can adversely affect daily functioning and social interactions. This study aims to predict cognitive functioning prospectively in individuals with MDs using passive data from smartphone typing dynamics. Over a period of approximately 28 days, participants ( = 127) utilized the BiAffect keyboard, which captured typing metadata such as keystroke timestamps and accelerometer data during typing sessions, while also undergoing in-lab neuropsychological assessments twice (at least 14 days apart).

Another dualism: cognitive versus personality predictors of rumination in later life depression.

Introduction: Rumination, a predisposing and perpetuating feature of depression, has been linked to personality and cognition. However, little is known about their comparative influence on rumination. This study examined personality and cognitive variables as predictors of rumination in early-onset, later life depression (LLD) relative to healthy controls (HC).

Loneliness is related to facial emotion perception in people with HIV.

Loneliness, defined as unmet needs for intimate relationships (emotional loneliness) or larger social connections (social loneliness), is a risk factor for internalizing disorders common among people with HIV (PWH). While loneliness is associated with facial emotion perception (FEP)-the ability to recognize others' emotional expressions-research has focused on healthier, younger populations, limiting its generalizability to PWH. Further, the extent to which emotional and social loneliness is associated with FEP has not been examined.

Cultural adaptation of the facial emotion perception test for use in Zimbabwe: A pilot study.

Background: In African countries, including Zimbabwe, about half of those with depression respond to first-line therapies like problem-solving therapy. Predicting who needs more intensive treatment is challenging. In the US and Europe, tools like the Facial Emotion Perception Test (FEPT) help match treatments to likely responders.

Identifying Features of Resilience to Childhood Maltreatment in Resting-State Connectivity Data From Adults With and Without a History of Mood Disorder.

Background: Childhood maltreatment (CM) is associated with negative mental health outcomes. Many studies conceptualize resilience as experiencing CM without developing psychopathology (primary resilience). However, some people may develop subsequent psychopathology but recover and demonstrate higher global functioning (secondary resilience).

Assessment of cognitive function in bipolar disorder with passive smartphone keystroke metadata: a BiAffect digital phenotyping study.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction in bipolar disorder persists in the euthymic state and has been shown to be associated with a number of negative sequelae including treatment resistance and increased risk of relapse. There has been recent attention on digital phenotyping and passive sensing through smart, connected devices to probe cognition in real-world settings. BiAffect is a custom-built smartphone keyboard that captures keystroke metadata ('how you type, not what you type').

Assessing memory for emotions separately from emotion recognition after traumatic brain injury.

Objective: Adults with traumatic brain injury (TBI) often show deficits in recognition of facial emotion, but their ability to emotions is poorly understood. Furthermore, there are no practicable tasks that measure this ability. This study examined the construct of memory for emotions using a novel Facial Recognition and Memory for Emotion (FRAME) test.

Rumination induction task in fMRI: Effects of rumination focused cognitive behavioral therapy and stability in youth.

Background: Rumination is implicated in the onset and maintenance of major depressive disorder (MDD). Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RF-CBT) effectively targets rumination and may change resting-state brain connectivity and change in activation during a rumination induction task (RIT) post-intervention predicts depressive symptoms two years later. We examined brain activation changes during an RIT in adolescents with remitted MDD following RF-CBT and evaluated RIT reliability (or stability) during treatment as usual (TAU).

Digital Phenotypes of Mobile Keyboard Backspace Rates and Their Associations With Symptoms of Mood Disorder: Algorithm Development and Validation.

Background: Passive sensing through smartphone keyboard data can be used to identify and monitor symptoms of mood disorders with low participant burden. Behavioral phenotyping based on mobile keystroke data can aid in clinical decision-making and provide insights into the individual symptoms of mood disorders.

Objective: This study aims to derive digital phenotypes based on smartphone keyboard backspace use among 128 community adults across 2948 observations using a Bayesian mixture model.

Brain activity during reappraisal and associations with psychotherapy response in social anxiety and major depression: a randomized trial.

Background: Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is an effective treatment for patients with social anxiety disorder (SAD) or major depressive disorder (MDD), yet there is variability in clinical improvement. Though prior research suggests pre-treatment engagement of brain regions supporting cognitive reappraisal (e.g.

State rumination predicts inhibitory control failures and dysregulation of default, salience, and cognitive control networks in youth at risk of depressive relapse: Findings from the RuMeChange trial.

Background: Trait rumination is a habitual response to negative experiences that can emerge during adolescence, increasing risk of depression. Trait rumination is correlated with poor inhibitory control (IC) and altered default mode network (DMN) and cognitive control network (CCN) engagement. Provoking state rumination in high ruminating youth permits investigation of rumination and IC at the neural level, highlighting potential treatment targets.

Rumination-Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy Reduces Rumination and Targeted Cross-network Connectivity in Youth With a History of Depression: Replication in a Preregistered Randomized Clinical Trial.

Background: Rumination-focused cognitive behavioral therapy (RF-CBT) is designed to reduce depressive rumination or the habitual tendency to dwell on experiences in a repetitive, negative, passive, and global manner. RF-CBT uses functional analysis, experiential exercises, and repeated practice to identify and change the ruminative habit. This preregistered randomized clinical trial (NCT03859297, R61) is a preregistered replication of initial work.

Human emotion processing accuracy, negative biases, and fMRI activation are associated with childhood trauma.

Introduction: Emerging literature suggests that childhood trauma may influence facial emotion perception (FEP), with the potential to negatively bias both emotion perception and reactions to emotion-related inputs. Negative emotion perception biases are associated with a range of psychiatric and behavioral problems, potentially due or as a result of difficult social interactions. Unfortunately, there is a poor understanding of whether observed negative biases are related to childhood trauma history, depression history, or processes common to (and potentially causative of) both experiences.

Rumination Induction Task in fMRI: Test-Retest Reliability in Youth and Potential Mechanisms of Change with Intervention.

Background: Rumination is a transdiagnostic problem that is common in major depressive disorder (MDD). Rumination Focused Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (RF-CBT) explicitly targets the ruminative habit. This study examined changes in brain activation during a rumination induction task in adolescents with remitted MDD following RF-CBT.

Autonomic complexity dynamically indexes affect regulation in everyday life.

Affect regulation often is disrupted in depression. Understanding biomarkers of affect regulation in ecologically valid contexts is critical for identifying moments when interventions can be delivered to improve regulation and may have utility for identifying which individuals are vulnerable to psychopathology. Autonomic complexity, which includes linear and nonlinear indices of heart rate variability, has been proposed as a novel marker of neurovisceral integration.

Reduced connectivity of the cognitive control neural network at rest in young adults who had their first drink of alcohol prior to age 18.

The cognitive control network (CCN) is an important network responsible for performing and modulating executive functions. In adolescents, alcohol use has been associated with weaker cognitive control, higher reward sensitivity, and later-in-life alcohol problems. Given that the CCN continues to develop into young adulthood, it is important to understand relations between early alcohol use, the CCN, and reward networks.

Childhood trauma relates to worse memory functioning in bipolar disorder.

Background: Childhood trauma is commonly experienced by individuals diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BP). In BP, childhood trauma is related to a more severe clinical course, but its association with cognition remains unclear.

Methods: This study evaluated 405 adult participants diagnosed with BP and 136 controls.