SPECT reconstruction using preprocessing masking for extra-cardiac uptake versus standard processing in Tc-sestamibi myocardial perfusion imaging.

Objective: In Tc myocardial perfusion SPECT, extra-cardiac accumulation from organs such as the liver or gastrointestinal tract may overlap with the inferior wall, causing artifacts that interfere with image interpretation. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the effectiveness of a novel image reconstruction method, the masking process on unsmoothed images (MUS method; CardioMUSk®, PDRadiopharma Inc., Tokyo, Japan), in reducing the influence of extra-cardiac accumulation using both phantom and clinical images.

Integrating tRNA gene epigenomics and expression with codon usage unravels an intricate connection with translatome dynamics in .

Unlabelled: Codon usage bias impacts protein expression across all kingdoms of life, including trypanosomatids. These protozoa, such as the , primarily regulate their protein-coding genes through posttranscriptional mechanisms. Here, we integrated codon usage analyses with translatome data to investigate whether codon bias affects translated transcript expression levels in life forms.

PEG-Coating as a Promotional Tool for Improving Biodegradability and Preserving Mechanical Properties of Enzyme-Embedded Polyesters.

Enzyme embedding, which enhances polymer degradation by embedding enzymes directly into the material matrix, has recently gained significant attention. This study explored the development of high-performance biodegradable plastics by embedding enzyme cutinase (HiC) coated with polyethylene glycol (PEG) of 400-20,000 g/mol. Thermal stability tests showed that PEG coating did not reduce enzyme activity during processing at temperatures up to 150 °C.

Two-Stage Gastrectomy Improves Outcomes in Perforated Gastric Cancer: A Single-Institution Retrospective Study.

Background: Perforated gastric cancer (PGC) is a rare but life-threatening surgical emergency. Due to its low reported incidence and significant challenges in the preoperative diagnosis of malignancy, there is no established consensus on optimal management. Recent evidence suggests that a two-stage surgical strategy, involving initial damage control followed by delayed curative resection, may reduce morbidity and mortality while improving oncological outcomes.

[Durable Left Ventricular Assist Device Therapy for Patients with a Prior MitraClip or Impella Intervention].

Some patients have undergone implantation of a durable left ventricular assist device( LVAD) following heart failure treatment with Impella( Abiomed) or MitraClip( Abbott). Impella may carry a potential risk of de novo aortic insufficiency (AI), while MitraClip may pose hemodynamic issues under LVAD circulation. In this report, we present the outcomes of durable LVAD therapy in patients with these prior treatments.

High histamine expression by early-stage squamous cell carcinoma of the tongue is associated with a poor prognosis.

Background: Although not widely known, several types of cancers express histamine. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the tongue is one such cancer, and histamine expression is associated with the tumor microenvironment. Our aim was to examine whether histamine expression is a useful prognostic factor for tongue SCC.

Formation of giant ER sheets by pentadecanoic acid causes lipotoxicity in fission yeast.

Excess amounts of saturated fatty acids (FAs) are toxic to organisms, a condition termed lipotoxicity, which is often accompanied by pleiotropic cellular and tissue dysfunction. Here, we show that pentadecanoic acid (C15:0) exerts toxicity on the fission yeast by generating an aberrantly planar endoplasmic reticulum (ER) structure, which we named a "giant ER sheet." Untargeted lipidomics revealed that C15:0 is incorporated into complex lipids depending on an acyl-CoA ligase Lcf1 and an acyl-CoA transferase Slc1, thereby increasing the saturation level of the acyl chains.

Postoperative fluid balance and outcomes in pediatric living-donor liver transplant recipients: a retrospective cohort study.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the relationship between postoperative fluid balance (FB) and clinical outcomes in pediatric living-donor liver transplant (LDLT) recipients.

Methods: This retrospective study was conducted at a tertiary care center. Patients aged ≤ 18 years who underwent LDLT between January 2010 and September 2023 were included.

[Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma that developed 20 years after breast reconstruction and was successfully treated with chemotherapy].

Breast implant-associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma (BIA-ALCL) is a type of anaplastic large cell lymphoma, that was first described in the revised 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumors released in 2017. The textured implants are thought to form bacterial biofilm and cause chronic inflammation, which may be associated with tumorigenesis. We present a 50-year-old woman who had a past medical history of breast reconstruction with the implant 20 years ago.

Development of a PCR method for rapid detection of Leptospira from one microliter of whole blood.

Leptospirosis is a worldwide zoonosis caused by pathogenic Leptospira. Its diagnosis is usually difficult, often resulting in delayed antimicrobial therapy and worse outcomes. Nucleic acid amplification tests of blood provide reliable Leptospira detection in acute infections, but the requirement for skilled personnel and expensive equipment still limits their widespread use, especially in low-resource settings.

Elucidation of FDG-PET Imaging Characteristics that Reflect the Heterogeneity within Tumors Due to Variability in Metabolic Activity: A Phantom Study.

 Focusing on the heterogeneity within cancer lesions and revealing cancer lesions with a high signal-to-noise ratio will help improve the quality of positron emission tomography (PET) images. This study aimed to understand how glucose metabolic activity can be shown with less statistical noise using a quality assessment phantom modeled after cancer lesions with a two-layer structure and a Clear adaptive Low-noise Method (CaLM) filter.  A National Electrical Manufacturers Association phantom with two spheres with a two-layer structure filled with 2-deoxy-2[ F]fluoro-D-glucose (inner and outer diameters of the spheres were 13/22 and 22/37 mm, respectively; radioactivity ratio of the background [BG] to outer sphere layer was 1:4; and BG-to-inner sphere layer ratios were 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3) was evaluated.

A Case of Stoma Limb Perforation Nine Years After Abdominoperineal Resection.

Stoma limb perforation is an extremely rare complication of colostomy. We report a case of sigmoid colostomy limb perforation due to diverticulitis occurring nine years after abdominoperineal resection for rectal cancer. An 83-year-old man presented with redness and pain around his stoma.

Elapsed time changes of the brain radiopharmaceutical accumulation of the amyloid PET examination using F-flutemetamol.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine how the radiopharmaceutical accumulation in the brain changes with the elapsed time between the administration of F-flutemetamol and the start of imaging, and to determine its effect on quantitative indices.

Methods: The study population consisted of 25 subjects who agreed to participate in the study. After visual evaluation by the radiologist, 14 subjects tested negative for Aβ accumulation, and 11 subjects tested positive as well.

Fully circular shapable transparent paperboard with closed-loop recyclability and marine biodegradability across shallow to deep sea.

To mitigate marine pollution from single-use plastics, it is crucial to transition to next-generation commodity materials that are derived from biomass and are recyclable and marine biodegradable even at abyssal depths in case of the accidental release to the ocean. Here, we develop an optically transparent millimeter-thick paperboard called transparent paperboard (tPB) through dissolution and coagulation of cellulose. The tPB is made entirely of pristine cellulose and compositionally identical to paper.

Site-Specific -Glycosylation in Oncofetal Fibronectin IIICS Domain Creates Cancer Stage-Specific Biomarkers.

Despite the pathological importance of oncofetal fibronectin isoforms associated with cancer cell progression and metastasis, our understanding of the structural and molecular details that occurred in this abundant and ubiquitous extracellular matrix component remains largely unknown. Here, we communicate that site-specific -glycosylation in the oncofetal fibronectin creates cancer stage-specific serum biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) by quantitative MS-based glycoproteomic approach. Selective reaction monitoring (SRM) using a structure-defined synthetic glycopeptide library enabled absolute quantitation of the targeted label-free tryptic fragments bearing cancer-relevant -glycans derived from the type III homology connective segment (IIICS) domain of the oncofetal fibronectin (onfFN) in the sera of HCC patients and healthy controls.

An acute aortic dissection prognostic score for predicting early in-hospital mortality in acute thoracic aortic dissection.

Study Objective: Acute thoracic aortic dissection (ATAD) has a high mortality rate. Factors that contribute to its onset include the environment, genetic factors, and infectious diseases. Recently, the presence of monocytes/macrophages has been suggested to attract inflammatory and immune cells to lesions.

Association of carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin levels with hemolysis during extracorporeal membrane oxygenation.

Introduction: Hemolysis, characterized by increased carboxyhemoglobin (COHb) and methemoglobin (MetHb) levels, is a complication of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO).

Methods: This prospective single-center study aimed to investigate the correlation between COHb and MetHb levels and hemolysis during ECMO. This study included 32 patients requiring ECMO for circulatory or respiratory failure.

Determination of putrefactive amine and ammonia concentrations around decomposed corpses.

The surface of a rotting corpse is covered with liquid decomposition products that have flowed out of the body that include putrefactive amines produced via putrefaction and decarboxylation reactions of proteins. Ammonia generated by deamination is also present around the corpse as a liquid or gas. As these putrefactive substances are toxic to humans, we attempted to measure the concentration of putrefactive substances in decomposed corpses in this study.

Reoperation for chronological complete dislodgement of the bioprosthetic aortic valve into the left ventricle due to Takayasu arteritis.

Background: Takayasu arteritis is a large-vessel vasculitis, in addition to giant cell arteritis. Various post-operative complications associated with the cardiac macrovasculature have been reported. Detachment of the prosthetic valve, pseudoaneurysm formation, and dilatation of the aortic root are well-known post-operative complications associated with vasculitis syndromes, including Takayasu arteritis.

Lung transplantation for diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations associated with juvenile polyposis-hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia overlap syndrome: a case report.

Background: Lung transplantation is a viable lifesaving option for patients with diffuse pulmonary arteriovenous malformations (AVMs). We present a case of diffuse pulmonary AVMs associated with juvenile polyposis and hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia (JP-HHT) that was successfully managed by lung transplantation.

Case Presentation: A 19-year-old woman developed severe hypoxemia due to pulmonary AVMs diagnosed at 4 years of age.

Oxygen Delivery During Cardiopulmonary Bypass in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease: Association With Postoperative Acute Kidney Injury.

Objective: This study was designed to investigate the distribution of nadir oxygen delivery (DO), mean DO, and area under ideal DO (AUiDO) among categorized age groups of pediatric patients and their associations with postoperative cardiac surgery-associated (CSA) acute kidney injury (AKI) and clinical outcomes.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: A tertiary teaching hospital.

A tRNA modification with aminovaleramide facilitates AUA decoding in protein synthesis.

Modified tRNA anticodons are critical for proper mRNA translation during protein synthesis. It is generally thought that almost all bacterial tRNAs use a modified cytidine-lysidine (L)-at the first position (34) of the anticodon to decipher the AUA codon as isoleucine (Ile). Here we report that tRNAs from plant organelles and a subset of bacteria contain a new cytidine derivative, designated 2-aminovaleramididine (avaC).

Case series of patients with early psychosis presenting hypoperfusion in angular gyrus and self-disturbance: Implication for the sense of agency and schizophrenia.

Background: Self-disturbance has been considered as a core symptomatology of schizophrenia and its emergence from the prodromal phase makes it a crucial target for early detection and intervention in schizophrenia. Currently, the clinical assessment of self-disturbance relies on the self-report of patients, and clinicians have no diagnostic tools in clinical practice. Identifying the neural substrate of self-disturbance would be of great clinical value by shedding light on the core dimension of schizophrenia.