Molecular Markers of Sulfadoxine-Pyrimethamine Resistance in Samples from Children with Uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum at Three Sites in Angola in 2019.

Sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) is used for prevention of malaria in pregnant women in Angola. We sequenced the Plasmodium falciparum dihydrofolate reductase () and dihydropteroate synthase () genes, implicated in SP resistance, in samples collected during a 2019 study of artemisinin-based combination therapy efficacy in Benguela, Lunda Sul, and Zaire provinces. A total of 90 day 0 and day of failure samples were individually sequenced, while 508 day 0 samples from participants without recurrent parasitemia were pooled after DNA extraction into 61 pools.

Comparison of COVID-19 Pandemic Waves in 10 Countries in Southern Africa, 2020-2021.

We used publicly available data to describe epidemiology, genomic surveillance, and public health and social measures from the first 3 COVID-19 pandemic waves in southern Africa during April 6, 2020-September 19, 2021. South Africa detected regional waves on average 7.2 weeks before other countries.

Epidemiologic and Clinical Features of Children and Adolescents Aged <18 Years with Monkeypox - United States, May 17-September 24, 2022.

Data on monkeypox in children and adolescents aged <18 years are limited (1,2). During May 17–September 24, 2022, a total of 25,038 monkeypox cases were reported in the United States, primarily among adult gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (3). During this period, CDC and U.

Tuberculosis Outbreak Associated With Delayed Diagnosis and Long Infectious Periods in Rural Arkansas, 2010-2018.

Objectives: During 2010-2018, the Arkansas Department of Health reported 21 genotype-matched cases of tuberculosis (TB) among residents of a rural county in Arkansas with a low incidence of TB and in nearby counties. The Arkansas Department of Health and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigated to determine the extent of TB transmission and provide recommendations for TB control.

Methods: We reviewed medical and public health records, interviewed patients, and reviewed patients' social media posts to describe patient characteristics, identify epidemiologic links, and establish likely chains of transmission.

Continued Low Efficacy of Artemether-Lumefantrine in Angola in 2019.

Biennial therapeutic efficacy monitoring is a crucial activity for ensuring the efficacy of currently used artemisinin-based combination therapy in Angola. Children with acute uncomplicated infection in sentinel sites in the Benguela, Zaire, and Lunda Sul Provinces were treated with artemether-lumefantrine (AL) or artesunate-amodiaquine (ASAQ) and monitored for 28 days to assess clinical and parasitological responses. Molecular correction was performed using seven microsatellite markers.

Hansen's Disease and Complications among Marshallese Persons Residing in Northwest Arkansas, 2003-2017.

Persons from the Republic of the Marshall Islands have among the highest rates of Hansen's disease (HD) in the world; the largest Marshallese community in the continental United States is in northwest Arkansas. In 2017, the HD Ambulatory Care Clinic in Springdale, Arkansas, informed the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) that Marshallese persons with HD had severe disease with frequent complications. To characterize their illness, we reviewed ADH surveillance reports of HD among Marshallese persons in Arkansas treated during 2003-2017 ( = 42).

Influenza-Related Parotitis during a Large Mumps Outbreak - Arkansas, 2016-2017.

During August 2016-July 2017, Arkansas experienced a large mumps (parotitis) outbreak; however, mumps-negative cases of parotitis were also identified in this period. Nineteen of 215 samples (9%) randomly selected for influenza PCR testing were positive for influenza A virus. Practitioners should consider influenza as a cause of nonmumps parotitis.

Bloodstream Infections With a Novel Nontuberculous Mycobacterium Involving 52 Outpatient Oncology Clinic Patients-Arkansas, 2018.

Background: In July 2018, the Arkansas Department of Health (ADH) was notified by hospital A of 3 patients with bloodstream infections (BSIs) with a rapidly growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium (NTM) species; on 5 September 2018, 6 additional BSIs were reported. All were among oncology patients at clinic A. We investigated to identify sources and to prevent further infections.

Rates of Hospitalization and Infection-Related Hospitalization Among Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-Exposed Uninfected Children Compared to HIV-Unexposed Uninfected Children in the United States, 2007-2016.

Background: Studies from multiple countries have suggested impaired immunity in perinatally human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-exposed uninfected children (HEU), with elevated rates of all-cause hospitalization and infections. We estimated and compared the incidence of all-cause hospitalization and infection-related hospitalization in the first 2 years of life among HEU and HIV-unexposed uninfected children (HUU) in the United States. Among HEU, we evaluated associations of maternal HIV disease-related factors during pregnancy with risk of child hospitalization.

Neonatal Sepsis Epidemiology in a Rural Province in Southeastern Cambodia, 2015-2017.

Neonatal sepsis is the second most prevalent cause of neonatal deaths in low- and middle-income countries, and many countries lack epidemiologic data on the local causes of neonatal sepsis. During April 2015-November 2016, we prospectively collected 128 blood cultures from neonates admitted with clinical sepsis to the provincial hospital in Takeo, Cambodia, to describe the local epidemiology. Two percent ( = 3) of positive blood cultures identified were Gram-negative bacilli (GNB) and were presumed pathogens, whereas 10% ( = 13) of positive blood cultures identified were likely contaminants, consistent with findings in other published studies.

Hansen's Disease and Rheumatoid Arthritis Crossover of Clinical Symptoms: A Case Series of 18 Patients in the United States.

Hansen's Disease (HD) is a rare, chronic granulomatous infection of the skin and peripheral nerves caused by the noncultivable organism . Arthritis is the third most common symptom of HD. Subjects with both confirmed HD on skin biopsy and chronic arthritis were identified at the National Hansen's Disease Program (NHDP).