Treatment of Nicotine Use in Adolescents Under 18 Years of Age: An Official American Thoracic Society Clinical Practice Guideline.

The rising popularity of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes), the nicotine product that is most used by adolescents since 2014, has reversed decades of progress in declining youth tobacco use. E-cigarette use in adolescents is associated with future smoking, and evidence is mounting of an increased association with nicotine dependence. Therapies used to treat nicotine dependence in adults include pharmacotherapy and behavioral interventions.

Tracheostomy Tube Change Versus PEEP Titration on Tracheostomy-Dependent Infants With Airway Malacia and Ventilator Instability.

Objective: To investigate the impact of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) titrations or tracheostomy size change (trach change) on ventilation stability in infants with tracheobronchomalacia.

Study Design: A retrospective chart review.

Setting: Tertiary care children's hospital from 2015 to 2023.

Adjusting ventilator settings to avoid air trapping in extremely premature infants reduces the need for tracheostomy and length of stay.

Despite the improving understanding of how lung mechanics and tidal volume requirements evolve during the evolution of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), clinical management continues to be heterogeneous and inconsistent at many institutions. Recent reports have examined the use of high tidal-volume low respiratory rate strategies in these patients once disease has been well established to help facilitate their eventual extubation and improve their long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes. In this retrospective observational research study, we describe how intentional adjustment of ventilator settings based on patient lung mechanics by an interdisciplinary BPD team improved the care of the at-risk population of infants, reduced the need for tracheostomies, as well as length of stay over a period of over 3 years.

Growth and nutrition in children with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia: A review of the literature.

Background: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common late morbidity of preterm birth. Clinical care and research have largely focused on the pathogenesis and prevention of BPD. Preterm infants who develop BPD have significant medical needs that persist throughout their hospital course and continue after discharge, including those associated with growth and nutrition.

Zinc status and growth in infants and young children with cystic fibrosis.

Background: Zinc deficiency is associated with poor growth in children without cystic fibrosis (CF), but its impact on growth in children with CF is unknown.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of low serum Zn (sZn) and its relationship with growth in the first 3 years of life in children with CF.

Methods: We utilized data from infants with CF who were enrolled in a longitudinal study of nutrition and lung health and had sZn measured as part of clinical care.

Nutrition and growth in infants with established bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) remains the most common late morbidity of preterm birth. Ongoing clinical care and research have largely focused on the pathogenesis and prevention of BPD in preterm infants. However, preterm infants who develop BPD have significant medical needs that persist throughout their neonatal intensive care unit course and continue post-discharge, including those associated with growth and nutrition.

Outcomes of repeat sweat testing in cystic fibrosis newborn screen positive infants.

Background: Infants with a positive cystic fibrosis (CF) newborn screen, only one identified CFTR mutation (NBS+/1 mut), and an initial intermediate sweat chloride (30-59 mmol/L) should have repeat sweat chloride testing (SCT). However, the outcome of repeat SCT and the relationship between initial sweat Cl and subsequent CF diagnosis have not been reported.

Objective: The objective of this study was to analyze the outcomes of repeat SCT and subsequent CF diagnosis in NBS+/1 mut infants based on their initial sweat chloride concentration.

Factors Associated with Neurodevelopmental Impairment in Bronchopulmonary Dysplasia.

Objective: To identify factors associated with neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) in patients with bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD).

Study Design: We identified 151 patients with moderate to severe BPD from 2010 to 2014 with complete Bayley Scales of Infant Development (BSID) scores at 24 months corrected age. We defined NDI as any diagnosis of cerebral palsy or ≥1 BSID composite scores of <80.

Disability and physical and communication-related barriers to health care related services among Florida residents: A brief report.

Background: Research has not fully characterized barriers to health care faced by persons with disabilities (PWD) which constitutes a critical gap given the increased risk of chronic illness faced by PWD.

Objective: To understand the current barriers to seeking health care-related services for PWD in Florida.

Methods: The study was based on a random-digit-dial telephone interview survey of respondents aged 18 and over (n = 1429).

Primary Care Experiences of Emergency Department Patients With Limited Health Literacy.

It is unclear why patients with limited health literacy have fewer visits with a personal doctor and more emergency department (ED) visits than patients with adequate health literacy. We identified significant differences in perceived access to a personal doctor and high-quality provider interactions among adults with limited compared to adequate health literacy presenting for emergency treatment. Practice and provider strategies to ensure that patients have timely access to care and high-quality provider interactions may address some of the reasons patients with limited health literacy use more emergency department-based and less preventive care than those with adequate health literacy.

Decision support for chronic pain care: how do primary care physicians decide when to prescribe opioids? a qualitative study.

Background: Primary care physicians struggle to treat chronic noncancer pain while limiting opioid misuse, abuse, and diversion. The objective of this study was to understand how primary care physicians perceive their decisions to prescribe opioids in the context of chronic noncancer pain management. This question is important because interventions, such as decision support tools, must be designed based on a detailed understanding of how clinicians use information to make care decisions.

Visitability surveillance, prevalence, and correlates in Florida.

Background: A primary means of social connection is visiting friends and families in their homes. Visitability is designing houses in a way that enables people to visit others' homes regardless of physical limitations or use of mobility assistive devices.

Objective: The goals of this study were to develop a set of questions about visitability that could be used for surveillance and to assess the prevalence and correlates of visitability features in Florida.

A case-referent study: light at night and breast cancer risk in Georgia.

Background: Literature has identified detrimental health effects from the indiscriminate use of artificial nighttime light. We examined the co-distribution of light at night (LAN) and breast cancer (BC) incidence in Georgia, with the goal to contribute to the accumulating evidence that exposure to LAN increases risk of BC.

Methods: Using Georgia Comprehensive Cancer Registry data (2000-2007), we conducted a case-referent study among 34,053 BC cases and 14,458 lung cancer referents.

The epidemiology of cancer among police officers.

Background: This review summarizes peer-reviewed studies examining cancer risks among police officers. It provides an overview of existing research limitations and uncertainties and the plausible etiologic risk factors associated with cancer in this understudied occupation.

Methods: Previous cancer studies among police officers were obtained via a systematic review of the MEDLINE, CABDirect, and Web of Science bibliographic databases.

Prostate cancer incidence and tumor severity in Georgia: descriptive epidemiology, racial disparity, and geographic trends.

Purpose: Limited research has been conducted to describe the geographical clustering and distribution of prostate cancer (PrCA) incidence in Georgia (GA). This study describes and compares the temporal and geographic trends of PrCA incidence in GA with a specific focus on racial disparities.

Methods: GA Comprehensive Cancer Registry PrCA incidence data were obtained for 1998-2008.