Ex-Utero Intrapartum Treatment for a Fetal Cervical Teratoma with Mediastinal Extension: A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Ex-utero intrapartum treatment (EXIT)-to-airway is a complex perinatal procedure performed in the case of potential postnatal airway obstruction. It requires an experienced multidisciplinary team and meticulous surgical planning based on fetal imaging. This report describes the use of EXIT-to-airway for a large cervical teratoma with extension into the mediastinum.

Audiometric Trends Among Children With Congenital Aural Atresia or External Auditory Canal Stenosis.

Objectives: In external auditory canal stenosis associated with microtia, it is unknown if the degree of conductive hearing loss changes over time and how this compares to children with complete aural atresia. The objectives of this study are to (1) compare audiometric patterns between children with external auditory canal stenosis and congenital aural atresia and (2) describe the natural progression of conductive hearing loss in children with external auditory canal stenosis. We hypothesize that stenosis patients will experience hearing improvement over time and will have unique audiometric patterns on early hearing evaluations compared to aural atresia.

Decrease in Rates of Hearing Loss From Pediatric Bacterial Meningitis Over Time: A Database Review.

Objectives: Bacterial meningitis is a leading cause of acquired sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). Treatment and prevention of bacterial meningitis have improved over time, but rates of neurologic complications have not been recently studied. The objective here is to present an updated population-based review of hearing loss as a sequela of bacterial meningitis.

Olfactory dysfunction and training in children with COVID-19 infection: A prospective study Post-COVID pediatric olfactory training.

Objective: Postviral olfactory dysfunction (OD) including corona 2019 viral disease (COVID-19) OD occurs in both adults and children. Despite limited reports of efficacy in treating adult postviral including COVID-19 OD with olfactory training (OT), its effects on children in general, and post-COVID-19 in specific, is unknown. The study aimed at evaluating the effects of OT in a COVID-19 OD pediatric cohort.

High Prevalence of Obstructive Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Pediatric Patients With Turner Syndrome.

Objective: Girls with Turner syndrome (TS) often have features that have been associated with obstructive sleep-disordered breathing (oSDB). However, little is known about oSDB in TS. Herein, we aimed to characterize oSDB in young patients with TS and identify associated risk factors.

Pediatric primary salivary gland tumors.

Objectives: To characterize the presentation and treatment of children presenting with primary salivary gland neoplasms.

Methods: A retrospective review of primary salivary tumor patients presenting to Children's Hospital Colorado between January 2000 and August 2020.

Results: Fifty children were identified with primary salivary gland tumors, comprising of 39 (78 %) benign and 11 (22 %) malignant lesions.

Prophylactic inhaled corticosteroids for the management of recurrent croup.

Objectives: Croup is characterized by a barky cough, inspiratory stridor, hoarseness and varying degrees of respiratory distress. Acute croup episodes are often treated with oral, inhaled, or intravenous corticosteroids. Recurrent croup, defined as more than 2-3 episodes of acute croup in the same patient, can mimic asthma.

Hearing outcomes in children with pneumococcal meningitis in the PCV13 era.

Introduction: Streptococcus pneumoniae, is associated with the highest incidence of post-meningitic SNHL. The exact impact of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) on pediatric SNHL from pneumococcal meningitis is unknown. We aimed to identify clinical factors associated with post-meningitic SNHL (pmSNHL) from pneumococcal meningitis and describe its rates based on three time periods: pre-PCV, PCV-7 and PCV13 eras.

A Nonsurgical Approach to Management of Lepidopterism due to Woolly Bear Caterpillar Ingestion.

Systemic symptoms resulting from exposure to members of the Lepidoptera order, such as moths, butterflies, and caterpillars, are known as lepidopterism. Most cases of lepidopterism are mild and result from dermal exposure to urticating hairs; ingestion is less common and generally more medically significant because the hairs may get embedded in the patient's mouth, hypopharynx, or esophagus, leading to dysphagia, drooling, edema, and possible airway obstruction. In previous cases of symptomatic caterpillar ingestion reported in the literature, extensive efforts, including direct laryngoscopy, esophagoscopy, and bronchoscopy, were undertaken to remove these hairs.

Olfactory testing as COVID-19 screening in school children; A prospective cross-sectional study.

Background: Little is known about olfactory changes in pediatric COVID-19. It is possible that children under-report chemosensory changes on questionnaires, similar to reports in adults. Here, we aim to describe COVID-19-related olfactory dysfunction in outpatient children.

Differing rates of fungi in sinonasal cultures from pediatric sinusitis patients.

Objectives: Pediatric chronic rhinosinusitis (PCRS) is a unique clinical entity and the underlying source of inflammation is unknown. Certain subgroups, such as children with nasal polyps and cystic fibrosis (CF) sinusitis are often recalcitrant to standard medical PCRS treatments that target bacterial inflammation. Fungal infection and allergy to fungal proteins drive inflammation in other airway diseases, resulting in chronic inflammation of both the upper and lower airways.

Socioeconomic and clinical factors influencing treatment selection in microtia and aural atresia.

Objectives: Patients with microtia and aural atresia have multiple options for treatment of conductive hearing loss (CHL) and auricle reconstruction; however, little is known about the factors influencing treatment selection. This study aims to review the socioeconomic and clinical data of microtia/atresia patients to evaluate congruency with national data and whether these factors affect treatment decisions.

Methods: Retrospective review of patients evaluated in the microtia and atresia multidisciplinary clinic (MDC) at a tertiary academic children's hospital between 2008 and 2018.

Image-guided surgical navigation for bone-conduction hearing device implant placement.

Introduction: For pediatric patients, bone-conduction hearing devices (BCHD) have demonstrated excellent outcomes. Unique to this population, BCHD implant surgeries can be technically challenging in children due to thinner, developing bone and syndromes with atypical anatomy. Image-guided surgical navigation (IGSN) clarifies underlying skull structure, potentially improving outcomes.

Minimally invasive transoral image-guided drainage of a retropharyngeal abscess with mediastinal extension.

Retropharyngeal abscess (RPA) in children is a serious deep neck space infection that rarely is complicated by extension into the mediastinum. RPA with mediastinal abscess requires prompt surgical management, generally via external or transoral approach. We present the case of a 3-year-old boy with RPA with mediastinal extension who was managed with a unique multidisciplinary surgical approach with otolaryngology and interventional radiology.

Screening for undiagnosed bleeding disorders in post-tonsillectomy bleed patients: Retrospective review and systematic review of the literature.

Objectives: There is currently no standard for screening children with post-tonsillectomy bleeds (PTB) for coagulopathy disorders. This study aims to identify children with occult coagulopathy diagnosed at PTB and to identify factors associated with diagnosis. A systematic review of the literature further identified trends in this topic.

Reducing Surgical Revisions in Intracranial Complications of Pediatric Acute Sinusitis.

Objective (1) To describe the demographics and clinical course of children with intracranial complications of sinusitis. (2) To elucidate factors that predict revision surgery in this population, such as type of initial surgery. Study Design Case series with chart review.

Influence of timing, radiation, and reconstruction on complications and speech outcomes with tracheoesophageal puncture.

Background: We evaluated the impact of radiation, reconstruction, and timing of tracheoesophageal puncture (TEP) on complications and speech outcomes.

Methods: Retrospective review identified 145 patients who underwent TEP between 2003 and 2007.

Results: Ninety-nine patients (68%) had primary and 46 (32%) had secondary TEP, with complications occurring in 65% and 61%, respectively (p = .

Pediatric lymphedema caused by diffuse cervical lymphadenopathy: A case report and review of the literature.

Pediatric head and neck lymphedema is rare and there have not been any reported cases in children. Here we discuss severe, diffuse head and neck lymphedema in a child caused by compression of the internal jugular veins by lymphadenopathy from Kawasaki's disease. With steroid and intravenous immunoglobulin treatment, the lymphadenopathy improved and facial edema slowly resolved.