Migrating Grass Awns in a Dog with Pericardial Effusion.

• Migrating grass awns should be a differential diagnosis for pericardial effusion. • Pericardial FBs can result in life-threatening pericarditis and epicarditis. • TTE can be used to diagnose a pericardial FB.

Reverse sneezing as a clinical manifestation of nasopharyngeal-oropharyngeal fistula in a dog.

A 6-year-old spayed female Labrador retriever was evaluated for a 3-month history of intermittent reverse sneezing and gagging episodes. Pertinent findings at evaluation included frequent reverse sneezing and non-productive retching. No pathology was visible on sedated oral examination.

Paracostal versus ventral midline approach for caudate liver lobectomy in the rabbit.

Objective: To describe the paracostal approach to caudate liver lobectomy in rabbits and compare the outcome of paracostal versus ventral midline approach for caudate liver lobectomy in rabbits with caudate liver lobe torsion (LLT).

Study Design: Cadaveric and retrospective study.

Animals: Normal rabbit cadavers (n = 5) and rabbits with caudate LLT (n = 22).

Computed tomography of testicular torsion in a juvenile dog with unilateral cryptorchidism.

A 14-week-old male unilaterally cryptorchid Clumber spaniel was presented for acute lethargy. Physical examination revealed abdominal pain, and a single testis was palpated in the scrotum. Abdominal ultrasound and computed tomography (CT) revealed a poorly vascularized, ovoid structure immediately caudal to the left kidney with scant regional peritoneal effusion.

Incidence, survival time, and surgical treatment of parathyroid carcinomas in dogs: 100 cases (2010-2019).

Objective: To evaluate outcomes of dogs with parathyroid carcinoma (PTC) treated by surgical excision and to describe the incidence of postoperative hypocalcemia, degree of hypocalcemia, duration of hospitalization, duration of calcium supplementation, and survival time.

Animals: 100 client-owned dogs with PTC admitted to academic, referral veterinary institutions.

Procedures: In a retrospective multi-institutional study, medical records of dogs undergoing surgical excision of PTC between 2010 to 2019 were reviewed.

The influence of intermittent hypoxia, obesity, and diabetes on male genitourinary anatomy and voiding physiology.

We used male BTBR mice carrying the mutation, which are subject to severe and progressive obesity and diabetes beginning at 6 wk of age, to examine the influence of one specific manifestation of sleep apnea, intermittent hypoxia (IH), on male urinary voiding physiology and genitourinary anatomy. A custom device was used to deliver continuous normoxia (control) or IH to wild-type and (mutant) mice for 2 wk. IH was delivered during the 12-h inactive (light) period in the form of 90 s of 6% O followed by 90 s of room air.

Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 1-Specialty demographics and measures of professional achievement.

Background: Barriers to achieving work-life balance, as well as gender-based differences, exist in the male-dominated surgical specialty in veterinary medicine. Similar information does not exist for the more feminized American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM).

Hypothesis/objectives: To provide data on the professional and personal lives of Diplomates of the ACVIM so as to help define the state of the specialty, including gender-related differences, and identify areas requiring intervention to improve work-life balance.

Work, life, and the gender effect: Perspectives of ACVIM Diplomates in 2017. Part 2-The intersection of personal life and professional career.

Background: In the field of veterinary surgery, women neither marry nor have children at the same rate as men, and those who do may experience more career disruption as a result. The American College of Veterinary Internal Medicine (ACVIM) is 1 of the few areas of specialized medicine that is predominantly female; it is unknown if such a demographic shift would produce a different environment for individuals cultivating their personal life.

Hypothesis/objectives: To report data regarding subjective and objective aspects of the intersection of the personal and professional lives of Diplomates of the ACVIM.

An immunohistochemical prostate cell identification key indicates that aging shifts procollagen 1A1 production from myofibroblasts to fibroblasts in dogs prone to prostate-related urinary dysfunction.

Background: The identity and spatial distribution of prostatic cell types has been determined in humans but not in dogs, even though aging- and prostate-related voiding disorders are common in both species and mechanistic factors, such as prostatic collagen accumulation, appear to be shared between species. In this publication we characterize the regional distribution of prostatic cell types in the young intact dog to enable comparisons with human and mice and we examine how the cellular source of procollagen 1A1 changes with age in intact male dogs.

Methods: A multichotomous decision tree involving sequential immunohistochemical stains was validated for use in dog and used to identify specific prostatic cell types and determine their distribution in the capsule, peripheral, periurethral and urethral regions of the young intact canine prostate.

Emergency tracheotomy and subsequent tracheal resection and anastomosis in a blue crane ().

Case Description: A 7-year-old female blue crane () was initially evaluated after it had suddenly developed signs of respiratory distress following aspiration of a rock. Emergency tracheotomy had been performed, and the rock had been removed from the proximal cervical portion of the trachea. Fifty-one days later, the clinical signs had returned and the crane was reevaluated.

Influence of speaker's gender on speaker introductions at the 2018 ACVS Surgical Summit.

Objective: To evaluate whether formality of introduction differed between male vs female speakers at the 2018 American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) scientific meeting and identify other variables that predisposed introducers or chairs to informal introduction.

Study Design: Observational study.

Sample Population: Thirteen session chairs introducing 68 lectures (41 by females, 27 by males) by 63 speakers.

The intersection of personal and professional lives for male and female diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons in 2015.

Objective: To characterize objective and subjective elements of the personal lives of American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) diplomates and identify elements of personal life associated with professional life or career success.

Sample: 836 ACVS diplomates.

Procedures: An 81-item questionnaire was sent to 1,450 diplomates in 2015 via email and conducted by means of an online platform.

Demographics, measures of professional achievement, and gender differences for diplomates of the American College of Veterinary Surgeons in 2015.

Objective: To characterize elements of employment, professional success, and personal life for American College of Veterinary Surgeons (ACVS) diplomates and identify elements of practice that may serve as barriers to work-life balance or affect men and women differently.

Sample: 836 ACVS diplomates.

Procedures: An 81-item questionnaire was sent to 1,450 ACVS diplomates in 2015 via email and conducted by means of an online platform.

Outcome following cosmetic rostral nasal reconstruction after planectomy in 26 dogs.

Objective: To report the outcome and owner satisfaction after planectomy for nasal planum neoplasia with cosmetic reconstruction with bilateral labial mucocutaneous rotation flaps in dogs.

Study Design: Multi-institutional, retrospective case series.

Animals: Twenty-six client-owned dogs.

Prostatic collagen architecture in neutered and intact canines.

Background: Prostate stiffness and increased collagen content both associate with the presence of urinary symptoms in men but mechanisms responsible, including impact of age and androgens, are unknown. Dogs develop prostate-related urinary dysfunction similar to humans, but mechanisms are also unknown. Mice have been used to examine how prostatic collagen accumulation affects voiding but whether mouse prostatic collagen organization resembles human or dog has not been evaluated.

Principles of Wound Management and Wound Healing in Exotic Pets.

The care of wounds in exotic animal species can be a challenging endeavor. Special considerations must be made in regard to the animal's temperament and behavior, unique anatomy and small size, and tendency toward secondary stress-related health problems. It is important to assess the entire patient with adequate systemic evaluation and consideration of proper nutrition and husbandry, which could ultimately affect wound healing.

Update on Surgical Principles and Equipment.

The diversity implicit in exotic animal surgery requires a tailored approach to optimize successful outcomes. Outlined is information on patient preparation, instrumentation, hemostatic techniques, and magnification as it pertains to the exotic animal. Application of topical antiseptic solutions and judicious removal of pelage and feathers will decrease bacterial load during patient preparation.

A population of progenitor cells in the basal and intermediate layers of the murine bladder urothelium contributes to urothelial development and regeneration.

Background: Homeostatic maintenance and repair of the bladder urothelium has been attributed to proliferation of keratin 5-expressing basal cells (K5-BC) with subsequent differentiation into superficial cells. Recent evidence, however, suggests that the intermediate cell layer harbors a population of progenitor cells. We use label-retaining cell (LRC) methodology in conjunction with a clinically relevant model of uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC)-induced injury to characterize urothelial ontogeny during development and in response to diffuse urothelial injury.

Gastric dilatation and volvulus in a red panda (Ailurus fulgens).

Objective: To describe the successful management of gastric dilatation and volvulus (GDV) in a red panda.

Study Design: Clinical report.

Animals: Red panda diagnosed with GDV.

Modified ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy for management of otitis media in an alpaca.

Objective: To report surgical treatment of severe otitis media in an alpaca by a modification of a subtotal ear canal ablation and lateral bulla osteotomy technique used in dogs.

Study Design: Case report.

Animals: An 11-week-old female alpaca cria.

Acute bacterial inflammation of the mouse prostate.

Background: Prostatic inflammation is gaining increasing attention as a potential etiologic factor in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, and CPPS. This study was performed to address the need for a well characterized model of acute prostatic inflammation that may be used to study the effect of acute inflammation on epithelial and stromal cell proliferation, voiding behavior, and neurovascular physiology.

Methods: Uropathogenic E.

Efficacy of leflunomide for treatment of immune-mediated polyarthritis in dogs: 14 cases (2006-2008).

Objective: To evaluate efficacy and adverse effects of leflunomide for the treatment of naturally occurring immune-mediated polyarthritis (IMPA) in dogs.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 14 dogs with cytologically confirmed IMPA.

Evaluation of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase and cathepsin K in ruptured cranial cruciate ligaments in dogs.

Objective: To determine localization of tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) and cathepsin K in ruptured and healthy cranial cruciate ligaments (CCL) in dogs.

Animals: 30 dogs with ruptured CCL, 8 aged dogs without ruptured CCL, and 9 young dogs without ruptured CCL.

Procedure: The CCL was examined histologically and cells containing TRAP and cathepsin K were identified histochemically and immunohistochemically, respectively.