The Hygienic Significance of Microbiota and Probiotics for Human Wellbeing.

The human body can be viewed as a combination of ecological niches inhabited by trillions of bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites, all united by the microbiota concept. Human health largely depends on the nature of these relationships and how they are built and maintained. However, personal hygiene practices have historically been focused on the wholesale elimination of pathogens and "hygiene-challenging microorganisms" without considering the collateral damage to beneficial and commensal species.

Characterization of carotenoids extracted from Haloferax larsenii NCIM 5678 isolated from Pachpadra salt lake, Rajasthan.

Carotenoids are a diverse group of pigments known for their broad range of biological functions and applications. This study delves into multifaceted potential of carotenoids extracted from Haloferax larsenii NCIM 5678 previously isolated from Pachpadra Salt Lake in Rajasthan, India. H.

Probiotics for Aquaculture: Hope, Truth, and Reality.

The use of microorganisms as beneficial crops for human and animal health has been studied for decades, and these microorganisms have been in practical use for quite some time. Nowadays, in addition to well-known examples of beneficial properties of lactic acid bacteria, bifidobacteria, selected Bacillus spp., and yeasts, there are several other bacteria considered next-generation probiotics that have been proposed to improve host health.

Mechanism of Cell-Killing Activity of Plantaricin LD1 Against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922.

Plantaricin LD1 was purified from a potential probiotic strain, Lactobacillus plantarum LD1 previously isolated from indigenous food, Dosa. In this study, we have performed a detailed mechanism of action of plantaricin LD1 against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 considering Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106 as control. The plantaricin LD1 showed a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 34.

Production of fungal phytases in solid state fermentation and potential biotechnological applications.

Phytases are important enzymes used for eliminating the anti-nutritional properties of phytic acid in food and feed ingredients. Phytic acid is major form of organic phosphorus stored during seed setting. Monogastric animals cannot utilize this phytate-phosphorus due to lack of necessary enzymes.

Enterocin LD3 from Enterococcus hirae LD3 Inhibits the Growth of Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Typhimurium ATCC 13311 in Fruit Juice.

In order to prevent the growth of pathogens in food, bacteriocins produced by various probiotic lactic acid bacteria have been recognized as potential substitutes of chemical preservatives. In this study, enterocin LD3 was purified from the cell-free supernatant of a food isolate, Enterococcus hirae LD3 using multistep chromatography. In the fruit juice, lethal concentration (LC) of enterocin LD3 was found to be 260 µg/mL against Salmonella enterica subsp.

Bacteriocin-Producing Probiotic Lactic Acid Bacteria in Controlling Dysbiosis of the Gut Microbiota.

Several strains of lactic acid bacteria are potent probiotics and can cure a variety of diseases using different modes of actions. These bacteria produce antimicrobial peptides, bacteriocins, which inhibit or kill generally closely related bacterial strains and other pathogenic bacteria such as , and . Bacteriocins are cationic peptides that kill the target cells by pore formation and the dissipation of cytosolic contents, leading to cell death.

Probiotics, prebiotics and synbiotics: Safe options for next-generation therapeutics.

Probiotics have been considered as an economical and safe alternative for the treatment of a large number of chronic diseases and improvement of human health. They are known to modulate the host immunity and protect from several infectious and non-infectious diseases. The colonization, killing of pathogens and induction of host cells are few of the important probiotic attributes which affect several functions of the host.

Halocins, natural antimicrobials of Archaea: Exotic or special or both?

Haloarchaea are adapted to survive under extreme saline conditions by accumulating osmolytes and salts to counteract the high osmotic pressure in their habitats. As a consequence, their proteins have evolved to remain active, or even most active, at very high ionic strength. Halocins are proteinaceous antimicrobial substances that are ribosomally-synthesized by haloarchaea and they provide the producers an advantage in the competition for nutrients and ecological niches.

Polydiacetylene vesicles acting as colorimetric sensor for the detection of plantaricin LD1.

The interaction of antimicrobial peptides with membrane lipids plays a major role in numerous physiological processes. In this study, polydiacetylene (PDA) vesicles were synthesized using 10, 12-tricosadiynoic acid (TRCDA) and 1, 2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC). These vesicles were applied as artificial membrane biosensor for the detection of plantaricin LD1 purified from Lactobacillus plantarum LD1.

Purification and Characterization of a New Halocin HA4 from Haloferax larsenii HA4 Isolated from a Salt Lake.

Halocins are antimicrobial peptides secreted by different members of haloarchaea. Halocin HA4 was purified from Haloferax larsenii HA4 using combination of ultrafiltration and chromatographic techniques. It was found to be ~ 14 kDa with unique N-terminal sequence, HN-AEEEIFXPDX, which did not show homology with the known sequence suggesting a new/novel compound.

Can Probiotics Emerge as Effective Therapeutic Agents in Apical Periodontitis? A Review.

Apical periodontitis (AP) is a biofilm-associated disease initiated by the invasion of dental pulp by microorganisms from the oral cavity. Eradication of intracanal microbial infection is an important goal of endodontic treatment, and this is typically accomplished by mechanical instrumentation and application of sodium hypochlorite and chlorhexidine. However, these agents are tissue-irritating at higher concentrations and cytotoxic.

Probiotics at War Against Viruses: What Is Missing From the Picture?

Our world is now facing a multitude of novel infectious diseases. Bacterial infections are treated with antibiotics, albeit with increasing difficulty as many of the more common causes of infection have now developed broad spectrum antimicrobial resistance. However, there is now an even greater challenge from both old and new viruses capable of causing respiratory, enteric, and urogenital infections.

Synergistically-acting Enterocin LD3 and Plantaricin LD4 Against Gram-Positive and Gram-Negative Pathogenic Bacteria.

The efficacy of antimicrobials is an important aspect during their applications in food and therapeutics. In this study, combination of two bacteriocins, enterocin LD3 and plantaricin LD4, was studied against two pathogenic bacteria, Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus ATCC25923 and Salmonella enterica subsp.

Enterocin LD3 from Enterococcus hirae LD3 causing efflux of intracellular ions and UV-absorbing materials in Gram-negative bacteria.

Aims: To understand the bactericidal action of enterocin LD3 against Gram-negative bacteria.

Methods And Results: Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of enterocin LD3 against Micrococcus luteus MTCC 106 and Escherichia coli NCDC 135 was 80 and 112 μg ml , and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was 128 and 180 μg ml , respectively. The efflux of potassium ion (K ) was 14 and 13 ppm and electrical conductivity 10·5 and 8·3 mS cm in cell-free supernatant of MIC-treated cells of M.

Anti-staphylococcal activity of bacteriocins of food isolates LD3 and LD4 in pasteurized milk.

Bacteriocins of LD3 and LD4 have been applied in milk for growth inhibition of . The enumeration of cells in nutrient broth and milk was found log 9.7 and 10.

Comparative Analysis of Inhibition-Based and Indicator-Independent Colorimetric Assay for Screening of Bacteriocin-Producing Lactic Acid Bacteria.

Screening of bacteriocin-producing lactic acid bacteria (LAB) is an important aspect for the search of new/novel probiotic strains. Here, a vesicle-based colorimetric assay was compared with conventional inhibition-based antimicrobial assays using 54 isolates of LAB. All isolates demonstrated zone of growth inhibition ranging from 2.

Protective Role of Hypothermia Against Heat Stress in Differentiated and Undifferentiated Human Neural Precursor Cells: A Differential Approach for the Treatment of Traumatic Brain Injury.

Introduction: The present study aimed to explore protective mechanisms of hypothermia against mild cold and heat stress on highly proliferative homogeneous human Neural Precursor Cells (NPCs) derived from Subventricular Zone (SVZ) of human fetal brain.

Methods: CD133+ve enriched undifferentiated and differentiated human NPCs were exposed to heat stress at 42°C. Then, Western-blot quantification was performed using Hsp-70 (70 kilodalton heat shock proteins) recombinant protein.

Membrane-acting bacteriocin purified from a soil isolate Pediococcus pentosaceus LB44 shows broad host-range.

Bacteriocin LB44 was purified from cell-free supernatant (CFS) of Pediococcus pentosaceus LB44 using activity-guided chromatography techniques. It was stable up to 121 °C, pH 2.0-6.

Activity-guided separation and characterization of new halocin HA3 from fermented broth of Haloferax larsenii HA3.

Haloferax larsenii HA3 was able to grow optimally in HS medium containing 15% NaCl, at pH 7.2 and 42 °C in aerobic conditions. Strain HA3 was found to be round shape, Gram-negative, catalase-positive, sensitive to bile acid, and resistant to chloramphenicol, and could not utilize arginine.

Polyaniline-Stabilized Intertwined Network-like Ferrocene/Graphene Nanoarchitecture for Supercapacitor Application.

The present work highlights the effective H-π interaction between metallocenes (ferrocene; Fc) and graphene and their stabilization in the presence of polyaniline (PANI) through π-π interactions. The PANI-stabilized Fc@graphene nanocomposite (FcGA) resembled an intertwined network-like morphology with high surface area and porosity, which could make it a potential candidate for energy-storage applications. The relative interactions between the components were assessed through theoretical (DFT) calculations.

A Rare Case of Unusually Large Lower Ureter Calculus.

We report an unusual large and "s" left lower ureteric calculus which has been never reported in any manuscript to the best of our knowledge. Calculus in genitourinary happen to occur in various shapes and sizes; here we report unusual shaped calculi.

Phospholipid/Polydiacetylene Vesicle-Based Colorimetric Assay for High-Throughput Screening of Bacteriocins and Halocins.

The colorimetric assay is phospholipid/polydiacetylene vesicle-based assay used for the detection of membrane-acting peptides. Bacteriocins and halocins are antimicrobial peptides known to kill target cells by membrane disruption. Therefore, the assay was applied for high-throughput (HTP) screening of bacteriocins and halocins produced by lactic acid bacteria and haloarchaea, respectively.

Nanoclay-based hierarchical interconnected mesoporous CNT/PPy electrode with improved specific capacitance for high performance supercapacitors.

A natural layered clay known as montmorillonite, a lamellar aluminosilicate with ∼1 nm thickness, has attracted intense attention in ongoing research due to its large natural abundance and environmental friendliness. Endowed with highly active surface sites the nanoclay has been extensively used in various fields viz. catalysis, biosensors etc.